Politics & Energy eJournal最新文献_第10页

Spatial Effects in the Bid Price Setting Strategies of the Wholesale Electricity Markets: The Case of Colombia 电力批发市场竞价定价策略的空间效应——以哥伦比亚为例

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-03-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2970662

John García, J. López-Rodríguez, Jhonny Moncada

引用次数: 3

'Sacrifice Zones' in the Green Energy Economy: Toward an Environmental Justice Framework 绿色能源经济中的“牺牲区”:迈向环境正义框架

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.7202/1042776AR

D. Scott, Adrian A. Smith

{"title":"'Sacrifice Zones' in the Green Energy Economy: Toward an Environmental Justice Framework","authors":"D. Scott, Adrian A. Smith","doi":"10.7202/1042776AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1042776AR","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental justice movement validates the grassroots struggles of residents of places which Steve Lerner refers to as “sacrifice zones”: low-income and racialized communities shouldering more than their fair share of environmental harms related to pollution, contamination, toxic waste, and heavy industry. On this account, disparities in wealth and power, often inscribed and re-inscribed through social processes of racialization, are understood to produce disparities in environmental burdens. Here, we attempt to understand how these dynamics are shifting in the green energy economy under settler colonial capitalism. We consider the possibility that the political economy of green energy contains its own sacrifice zones. Drawing on preliminary empirical research undertaken in southwestern Ontario in 2015, we document local resistance to renewable energy projects. Residents mounted campaigns against wind turbines based on suspected health effects and against solar farms based on arable land and food justice concerns, and in both cases, grounded their resistance in a generalized claim, which might be termed a “right to landscape”. We conclude that this resistance, contrary to typical framings which dismiss it as NIMBYism, has resonances with broader claims about environmental justice and may signal larger structural shifts worth devoting scholarly attention to. In the end, however, we do not wholly accept the sacrifice zone characterization of this resistance either, as our analysis reveals it to be far more complex and ambiguous than such a framing allows. But we maintain that taking this resistance seriously, rather than treating it as merely obstructionist to a transition away from fossil capitalism, reveals a counter-hegemonic potential at its core. There are seeds in this resistance with the power to push back on the deepening of capitalist relations that would otherwise be ushered in by an uncritical embrace of “green energy” enthusiasm.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130080304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Is Energy Efficiency Capitalized into Home Prices? Evidence from Three US Cities 能源效率是否会影响房价?来自美国三个城市的证据

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2296032

M. Walls, K. Palmer, Todd D. Gerarden, Xian F. Bak

{"title":"Is Energy Efficiency Capitalized into Home Prices? Evidence from Three US Cities","authors":"M. Walls, K. Palmer, Todd D. Gerarden, Xian F. Bak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2296032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2296032","url":null,"abstract":"We look for evidence of capitalization of energy efficiency features in home prices using data from real estate multiple listing services (MLS) in three metropolitan areas: the Research Triangle region of North Carolina; Austin, Texas; and Portland, Oregon. These home listings include information on Energy Star certification and, in Portland and Austin, local green certifications. Our results suggest that Energy Star certification increases the sales prices of homes built between 1995 and 2006 but has no statistically significant effect on sales prices for newer homes. The local certifications appear to have larger effects on sales prices, and that effect holds for both newer and older homes. The estimated home price premiums from certification imply annual energy cost savings that are sizeable fractions of estimated annual energy costs for homes in our sample, in some cases even above 100 percent. This suggests that the certifications either embody other attributes beyond energy efficiency that are of value to homebuyers or that buyers are overpaying for the energy savings. Further research is needed to better understand how consumers interpret home certifications and how they value the combination of “green” characteristics that many of those certifications embody.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114375811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 103

How to Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Fuel Type for Binary Sustainability Standards: Average or Marginal Emissions? An Example of Fertilizer Use and Corn Ethanol 如何按燃料类型衡量温室气体排放的二元可持续性标准:平均或边际排放?肥料使用与玉米乙醇的例子

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2934331

Xueqin Zhu, Shiyu Yan, E. Smeets, S. van Berkum

{"title":"How to Measure Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Fuel Type for Binary Sustainability Standards: Average or Marginal Emissions? An Example of Fertilizer Use and Corn Ethanol","authors":"Xueqin Zhu, Shiyu Yan, E. Smeets, S. van Berkum","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2934331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2934331","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposed a modelling framework which addresses various issues such as decreasing marginal yield of corn with respect to fertilizer use in biofuel production and the resulting greenhouse gas emissions. Particularly, the framework considered exogenous changes including oil price development and biofuel policy through market interactions of different inputs and outputs in biofuel production. We applied the modelling framework numerically in an example of corn ethanol production in the United States to illustrate how the economics of fertilizer use could impact the GHG emissions based on both average and marginal emissions. The results show that higher oil prices increase the prices of gasoline, natural gas, ethanol, and corn, which stimulates corn-based ethanol production and increases corn yields by encouraging profit-maximizing farmers to increase their application rate of nitrogen fertilizers slightly. The effect is that, on average, GHG emissions per unit of produced corn ethanol remain almost constant if oil price increases from 60 to 120 $/barrel. However, the marginal emissions per additional unit of ethanol production increase by 2.2% or10%, depending on whether the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit is implemented or not. More important is that the marginal emissions of corn ethanol are much higher than those of conventional gasoline. Although on average there are GHG emission savings of corn ethanol compared to conventional gasoline, the savings are negative when based on the marginal emissions of corn ethanol. An interesting implication is that the effectiveness of biofuel policies aimed at reducing GHG emissions might be questionable.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130674198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

System Integration of Wind and Solar Power in Integrated Assessment Models: A Cross-Model Evaluation of New Approaches 集成评估模型中的风能和太阳能系统集成:一种跨模型评估新方法

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-02-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2922409

R. Pietzcker, F. Ueckerdt, Samuel Carrara, H. D. de Boer, J. Després, S. Fujimori, N. Johnson, A. Kitous, Y. Scholz, P. Sullivan, Gunnar Luderer

{"title":"System Integration of Wind and Solar Power in Integrated Assessment Models: A Cross-Model Evaluation of New Approaches","authors":"R. Pietzcker, F. Ueckerdt, Samuel Carrara, H. D. de Boer, J. Després, S. Fujimori, N. Johnson, A. Kitous, Y. Scholz, P. Sullivan, Gunnar Luderer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2922409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2922409","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigation-Process Integrated Assessment Models (MP-IAMs) are used to analyze long-term transformation pathways of the energy system required to achieve stringent climate change mitigation targets. Due to their substantial temporal and spatial aggregation, IAMs cannot explicitly represent all detailed challenges of integrating the variable renewable energies (VRE) wind and solar in power systems, but rather rely on parameterized modeling approaches. In the ADVANCE project, six international modeling teams have developed new approaches to improve the representation of power sector dynamics and VRE integration in IAMs. In this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the last years' modeling progress and study the impact of VRE integration modeling on VRE deployment in IAM scenarios. For a comprehensive and transparent qualitative evaluation, we first develop a framework of 18 features of power sector dynamics and VRE integration. We then apply this framework to the newly-developed modeling approaches to derive a detailed map of strengths and limitations of the different approaches. For the quantitative evaluation, we compare the IAMs to the detailed hourly-resolution power sector model REMIX. We find that the new modeling approaches manage to represent a large number of features of the power sector, and the numerical results are in reasonable agreement with those derived from the detailed power sector model. Updating the power sector representation and the cost and resources of wind and solar substantially increased wind and solar shares across models: Under a carbon price of 30$/tCO2 in 2020 (increasing by 5% per year), the model-average cost-minimizing VRE share over the period 2050–2100 is 62% of electricity generation, 24%-points higher than with the old model version.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121591418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 140

How to Substantially Reduce the Costs of the Heavy Oil Dehydration Treatment 如何大幅度降低稠油脱水处理的成本

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-02-22 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2921857

J. Juyo, R. Striedinger, L. Klemas

引用次数: 0

Managing Climate Change Under Uncertainty: Recursive Integrated Assessment at an Inflection Point 不确定性下的气候变化管理:拐点上的递归综合评估

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-02-09 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-RESOURCE-100516-053516

D. Lemoine, I. Rudik

引用次数: 44

What Do We Know About Economic Diversification in Oil-Producing Countries? 我们对石油生产国的经济多样化了解多少?

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3048585

M. L. Ross

{"title":"What Do We Know About Economic Diversification in Oil-Producing Countries?","authors":"M. L. Ross","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3048585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3048585","url":null,"abstract":"Countries dependent on oil and mineral exports are often advised to diversify their economies, yet surprisingly little is known about how this can be done. This paper reviews the recent literature on diversification in resource-dependent states and suggests it has been constrained by missing and inconsistent data, and a reliance on diversification measures that are relatively uninformative for resource-rich states. It then uses an improved measure of export concentration from Papageorgiou and Spatafora to document three empirical patterns over the last half-century: the divergence between oil-producing states and non-oil states; the reconcentration of exports in most oil and mineral producing states since 1998, caused by the boom in commodity prices; and the heterogeneity of the oil producers, marked by greater diversification in Latin America and Southeast Asia, mixed performances in the Middle East, and greater concentration in Africa and the former Soviet Union. While change in the former Soviet Union was spurred by large new discoveries, the diversification failure of all oil-producing states in both North and sub-Saharan Africa is striking, and stands in contrast to the region’s non-oil producers. The paper concludes with a research agenda for deepening our understanding of this issue.","PeriodicalId":234456,"journal":{"name":"Politics & Energy eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124353639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Do Electricity Prices Matter? Plant-Level Evidence from German Manufacturing 电价重要吗?来自德国制造业的工厂级证据

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-01-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2603211

Andreas Gerster

引用次数: 15

Energy Intensity: Prices, Policy, or Composition in US States 能源强度:美国各州的价格、政策或构成

Politics & Energy eJournal Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2980927

Arik Levinson

引用次数: 1