Ukrainian Journal of Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Review of public policy for reducing the transport environmental impact","authors":"Y. Krykhtina, S. Dombrovska, S. Maistro, S. Stankevych","doi":"10.15421/2021_63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2021_63","url":null,"abstract":"The transport infrastructure influenced the wildlife and landscapes by the direct destruction of biotopes. The main impacts are paving the road or water canal, chemical pollution of the environment by vehicle engine emissions, petrol, oil and lubricant, flushing of contaminants and anti-ice chemicals with rainwater and dust forms of chemical compounds; isolation of individual parts of biotopes, populations, organisms or dividing ecosystems into parts (fragmentation); collisions of living organisms with vehicles; changing of landscapes, influencing the hydrological network; oppression of internal species. It is indicated that each mode of transport pollutes the environment, but a significant advantage - 85% of all the pollution is carried out by road transport. Accordingly, the main measures to prevent the negative impact of transport on the environment should be the following: improvement and implementation of the legal mechanism regulating the reduction of harmful effects of mobile sources on the air and effective public administration to reduce mobile sources' harmful effects air. This strategy should be focused on the basic principles of sustainable development. It is proved that satisfaction of transport needs should not conflict with environmental and health priorities and disrupt future generations' interests.","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41671829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The red dwarf honey bee (Apis florea F.) faces the threat of extirpation in Northwest India","authors":"R. Sihag","doi":"10.15421/2021_62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2021_62","url":null,"abstract":"Pollination is one of the essential ecosystem services. In recent years, a severe global pollinator decline has been the prime concern of pollination scientists and agriculturalists. The red dwarf honey bee (Apis florea F.) is an important pollinator of the semi-arid to tropical environments of several parts of Asia and Africa. The actual status of the colony numbers and foraging populations of this honey bee are not known. In this article, I examined the status of these parameters of this honey bee in Northwest India. I conducted monthly surveys and counted the total number of colonies of the red dwarf honey bee present at the main campus of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) (in about 9 km2) from 1984 to 2011 at an interval of three years. I also counted the number of foraging honey bees on two crops, viz. a winter-flowering crop, Raya (Brassica juncea Czern & Coss), and a summer-flowering crop, Carrot (Daucus carota L). In 27 years, the number of colonies of this honey bee in the study area declined from 221.5±14.1 in 1984 to 53.4±6.6 in 2011. The foraging populations of this honey bee too declined from 31.2±0.3 bees/m2 to 9.2±0.2 bees/m2 on Carrot and from 25±0.3 bees/m2 to 3.3±0.2 bees/ m2 on Raya. This honey bee exhibited a significant decline in its colony number every 6 years. Foraging bees declined significantly every three years. The colony and forager surveys revealed that the red dwarf honey bee (Apis florea F.) seemed to face the threat of extirpation (local extinction) in Northwest India. This decline in the colony numbers and the foraging populations seemed to have caused a pollination crisis in this region. The decline in the colony numbers and the foraging populations seemed to be caused by the poisoning of foraging bees due to the excessive and indiscriminate use of insecticides on the Cotton and/or Rice crops that come in blooms during the floral dearth period of this region. Considered the importance of this honey bee in the pollination of crops, we suggested that this honey bee must be vigorously protected and conserved.","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42396611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of keeping technology on the weight gain of the Aberdeen-Angus breed young animals in the colostrum period","authors":"A. I. Dydykina, V. Prudnikov, O. Kolisnyk, Y. Vasylieva, A. Palii, A. Paliy, A. Petrov","doi":"10.15421/2021_66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2021_66","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides study results of the existence peculiarities of adventitious lepidopteran species of leaf blotch miners (Gracillariidee Steinton, 1854) P?rectop? robiniell? (Clemens, 1863) in the conditions of Dnipro city (Ukraine). In various ecosystems, the invasive leaf miner's invasion degree was estimated with the number of mines visually recorded on the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus (1753) as a forage plant species. The research covered all major park ecosystems various in size within Dnipro city where the forage trees have been planted. Field surveys were conducted during three growing seasons (2018–2020). The adaptive ability to survive in a new environment was evaluated by analyzing the intrapopulation and interpopulation polymorphism on the third stage of insect development (pupae). According to our study results on Robinia trees occupation by miner species, the highest density of mines was found in ecologically cleaner green areas like Oles Honchar Dnipro National University Botanical Garden and Dnieper-Orel Nature Reserve. Different living conditions may cause this; the miners that inhabit the green zones in Dnipro city may be affected by a complex of anthropogenic factors that suppress their populations' development. We can conclude that the most vulnerable Robinia specimens were those located outside the city boundary. Investigation of P. robiniella pupae morphometric characteristics showed that both linear characteristics and indices were stable relative to the average value since a significant variation coefficient was observed only in specimens collected in the Pridneprovsky Park. However, skewness and excess coefficients indicate that most studied P. robiniella populations showed a trend to displace Poisson distribution. Moreover, in this case, the sample selected in the Dnipro-Orel Nature Reserve also differed significantly: the high coefficient of excess was found for wing length and the ratio of body length to wing length, compared to other ecosystems. The population closest by this parameter was shown in the Peoples' Friendship Park, a pristine ecosystem compared to the city center. The intrapopulation polymorphism of two linear characteristics and three indices was higher than the interpopulation polymorphism. From this, we can conclude that pupae's diversity within a particular population or ecosystem is more significant than pupae's diversity from diverse ecosystems. That is, conditions of ecosystems within the city limits have little effect on pupae's diversity of the black locust miner. However, when comparing pupae samples collected within the city and outside its borders, morphometric characteristics can vary. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: biological invasion, invasive butterflies, Gracillariidae, urban ecosystems, intrapopulation polymorphism, interpopulation polymorphism \u0000  \u0000 \u0000References \u0000 \u0000Brygadyrenko, V.V. & Korolev, O.V. (2015). Morphological polymorphism in an urban population of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger,","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67601696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster analysis in ethological research","authors":"T. Antonenko, S. Pysarev, A. V. Matsyura","doi":"10.15421/2021_65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2021_65","url":null,"abstract":"Big cats are often on display in zoos around the world. The study of their time budget is the basis of ethological research in captivity. The paper considers the features of the behavior of the subfamily Pantherinae, the daily activity of animals in the summer, methods of keeping, the exposition of enclosures, and relationships with keepers. The studies were conducted in the summer of 2012 and 2013 at the Barnaul Zoo. The total observation time for the animals was 120 hours. The behavior of the African lion (Panthera leo leo – male), the Ussuri tiger (Panthera tigris altaica – female), and the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis – male) has been studied. In the course of the work, the compilation of ethograms, continuous recording, and free observations were used. The clustering method was applied to analyze the patterns of behavior of animals in captivity. Cluster analysis breaks down the behavior of captivities animals into two large blocks. Locomotion in animals should be considered as a separate block. The animal’s growth and development period require a high proportion of physical activity, which is noticeable when observing the Amur tiger. Locomotion occupied 32.8% of the total time budget of this animal. Large cats have never been in a shelter (in wooden structures of the appropriate size). They used the roof of the houses only as a place for rest and observation. The proportion of marking, hunting, eating, exploratory behavior, grooming, and such forms of behavior as freezing, static position, orienting reaction did not differ significantly. Play behavior with elements of hunting and manipulative activity took 5.5% of the Amur tiger’s time budget for the period under review. We associate this primarily with the age of the given animal. Play behavior was observed two times less often in the Far Eastern leopard (2.9%) and African lion (2.6%).","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"23-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42835188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological features of egg productivity of black African ostriches under a semi-intensive keeping","authors":"N. Prokopenko, V. Melnyk, S. Bazyvoliak","doi":"10.15421/2021_67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2021_67","url":null,"abstract":"The study of egg-laying patterns and defining ways of increasing egg-laying productivity is a necessary condition for the development and increased efficiency of ostrich breeding. Therefore, some studies deal with egg productivity of ostriches of different age groups (group 1 - age 8-9 years, group 2 - age 4-5 years) for their long-term keeping under a semi-intensive system forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The sex ratio in the families was 1: 2-3. Behavioral patterns of poultry during the breeding season are close to natural ones. Older individuals are characterized with a longer productive period (January-October) than younger ones (March-September). According to the most extended daylight hours at this time of year, the higher level of egg-laying performance is established in May and summer months. The females’ egg-laying performance analysis shows their significant individual features - 9-42 eggs were obtained from one female. It is worth mentioning that the productivity period’s duration does not continuously regulate the number of eggs. There is a high positive correlation between the duration of the egg-laying process and total egglaying performance in group 1 (r = 0.7981); in group 2 – there is no relation between these features (r = -0.0843). The variability of egg-laying cycles of ostrich females has been confirmed, and it requires further studies. According to the intensity of lying during the breeding season, there are differences between younger and older poultry groups. The first two months and the last month of egg-laying are the least productive for all. It was established that the egg weight of older females is higher compared to young ones, with a potential difference between the groups (P> 0.999) and a significant level of individual variability (Cv = 1.78-8.06%). This indicates the necessity of successive work with the herd to optimize egg weight, as a significant variation in egg weight affects the duration of incubation and embryonic development of ostriches. It also leads to the elongation of the “hatch window” that causes heterogeneity of ostrich weight. New data allow characterizing the peculiarities of ostrich physiology, their ability to adapt to industrial conditions of breeding at farms located in the northern part of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44765081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of essential oils on mycoflora and winter wheat seed germination","authors":"T. Rozhkova, S. Stankevych, A. V. Matsyura","doi":"10.15421/2021_64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2021_64","url":null,"abstract":"The mycoflora of winter wheat seed consists of various fungi that differ as to the parasitism rate. Their harmfulness is connected with their phytotoxic action and ability to produce mycotoxins. Assuming that essential oils have an effective antifungal impact, we studied the effectiveness of 13 essential oils which were produced by LLC \"Aromatyka\", Ukraine (cinnamon, orange, peppermint, rosemary, vervain, ylang-ylang, sandal, fennel, lavender, eucalypt, bergamot, frankincense, and geranium) on securing of a group of fungi from winter wheat seeds. The seed mycoflora of Bogdana variety harvested in 2017-2020, which was grown in the North- Eastern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine (Sumy oblast), was analyzed. A fungi complex analysis was made on the media PGA. The impact of essential oils on seed germinating ability and the length of wheat sprouts on the 7th day has been determined. A longterm studying of seed treatment by essential oils showed their effects on mycoflora formation. These plants affected not only the fungi amount but also changed their secure spectrum. The studies admit a negative impact of fungi on seed germination and plant development. The highest seed germination equaled 95% under its treatment with rosemary and orange oils. However, under seed treatment with rosemary oil, there appeared Fusarium sp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., which harms seed germination. Orange oil has increased the number of fungi of Penicillium sp. The best results (based on three indices) had sandal oil, under which the fungus colony has increased half, and seed germination equaled 61%, the sprout length was maximal when applying other oils (58.8 mm). The essential oils which fully inhibited seed and fungi development (cinnamon, fennel, vervain, geranium) were determined. The study of two of them as fungicides for treatments at the beginning of wheat flowering proved a similar effect to falcon on the change of the internal seed mycoflora.","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of cattle breed combinations on milk production: results of the Analysis of Variance","authors":"A. Palii, T. Osipenko, P. S. Syromiatnikov, Y. A. Boyko, V. Nechyporenko, I. Levchenko, V. Ostapenko, M. F. Prykhodko, O. V. Korzh, V. V. Popsuy, A. Paliy","doi":"10.15421/2020_304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2020_304","url":null,"abstract":"Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, 44 Alchevskih St., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine. Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, 1-А Livestock breeders St., Kharkiv, 61026, Ukraine. Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, 2 Sadova St., Uman, Cherkassy region, 20300, Ukraine. Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 Herasym Kondratiev St., Sumy, 40021, Ukraine. National Scientific Center \"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicin\", 83 Pushkinska St., Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine. *Corresponding author E-mail: paliy.andriy@ukr.net Received: 24.12.2020. Accepted: 27.01.2021","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47309403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a modern antiparasitic agent for deworming in domestic animals","authors":"A. Paliy, R. Petrov, L. Kovalenko, L. Livoshchenko, Ye.M. Livoshchenko, Z. Klishchova, L. Bula, V. Ostapenko, S. P. Doletskyi, A. Palii","doi":"10.15421/2020_3022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2020_3022","url":null,"abstract":"National Scientific Center \"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine\", 83 Pushkinska St, Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 Gerasim Kondratieva St, Sumy, 40021, Ukraine National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Mykhailo Omelyanovycha-Pavlenka St, Kyiv, 01010, Ukraine Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture named after Petro Vasylenko, 44 Alchevskih St, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine *Corresponding author e-mail: paliy.dok@gmail.com Received: 17.12.2020. Accepted: 22.01.2021","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42958729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of various milking equipment on milk ejection in high-yielding cows","authors":"A. Palii, K. Ishchenko, V. V. Bredykhin, P. V. Gurskyi, D. Levkin, A. Antoniuk, A.Y.Opryshko, Y. Kovalchuk, O. Anastasieva, A. Paliy","doi":"10.15421/2020_303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2020_303","url":null,"abstract":"1 Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, 44 Alchevskih St., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine. 2 Polissіa National University, 7 Old Boulevard St., Zhytomyr, 10008, Ukraine. 3 Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, 2 Sadova St., Uman, Cherkasy region, 20300, Ukraine. Uman National University of Horticulture, 1 Instytutska St., Uman, Cherkasy region, 20305, Ukraine. *Corresponding author E-mail: paliy.andriy@ukr.net Received: 21.12.2020. Accepted: 14.01.2021","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41942475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major cucumber diseases and the crop immunity","authors":"S. Bondarenko, S. Stankevych, A. V. Matsyura","doi":"10.15421/2021_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/2021_7","url":null,"abstract":"In Ukraine, cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linneus) annually occupies about 20 % of the total area of all vegetable crops sown in the open ground or 52.6 thousand hectares. The main reason that significantly reduces the quantitative and qualitative indicators of this vegetable crop's main valuable economic traits is the high incidence of commercial crops with diseases, especially downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk & M.A. Curtis) Rostovtsev). Since 1985 in Ukraine, this cucumber disease in the open ground on nonresistant varieties has continuously had intense development, in some years the development – by the type of epiphytotic. Simultaneously, the shortage of commercial yield of this vegetable crop due to the defeat of this disease under the field conditions can reach the level of 50–80 % or more, seed loss – 25–70 %. One of the main reasons for significant losses of commercial yield and seeds of gherkin cucumber under the conditions of its cultivation in the open ground is recognized as the high susceptibility of samples to some diseases, particularly downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Rostovtsev). Unfortunately, this problem has remained relevant for Ukraine over the past few decades. So, obtaining the initial material of a gherkin cucumber with a harmonious combination in the genotypes of a complex of various valuable economic characteristics (yield, quality, resistance to diseases, chemical substances content, suitability for various types of processing) and creating a modern competitive, innovative product (variety, hybrid) on its basis remains a relevant and priority task for domestic agricultural science at present. At the same time, scientists have proved that introducing complex (integrated) systems into production, which expect the biologization of protection with its transfer to an ecological and economic basis, is recognized as the most promising today. We suggested using resistant varieties (hybrids) in such integrated systems that provide the highest economic effect.","PeriodicalId":23422,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44978949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}