Transplant immunology最新文献

{"title":"Identification of allogeneic and xenogeneic neural stem cells' immunogenicity in the brain and strategies to alleviate transplantation rejection","authors":"Xiangyu Ma ,&nbsp;Ho Jin Lee ,&nbsp;Dong Oh. Kim ,&nbsp;Young Do Kwon ,&nbsp;Geun-Hyoung Ha ,&nbsp;Chung Kwon Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Nam ,&nbsp;Je Young Yeon ,&nbsp;Kyunghoon Lee ,&nbsp;Sun-Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Kyeung Min Joo","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a promising therapy for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, yet post-transplant immune rejection critically compromises their survival and efficacy. In this study, we demonstrated the neuroinflammatory responses triggered by syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic NSCs transplantation, and evaluated the immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporine A (CyA) and methylprednisolone (MP) on graft rejection. Our findings revealed that xenogeneic NSCs transplantation induced infiltration of neutrophils (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001<strong>)</strong>, microglia/macrophages (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001<strong>)</strong>, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001<strong>)</strong>, while allogeneic transplantation primarily triggered microglia/macrophages (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0005) recruitment. Both transplantation types caused a sharp decline in grafted cell numbers (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.005). Combinatorial CyA and MP treatment significantly attenuated xenogeneic immune rejection and markedly increased surviving graft cells in the brain. Similarly, MP monotherapy effectively reduced allogeneic rejection and enhanced transplanted cell survival. Overall, allogeneic NSCs transplantation primarily triggers innate immunity, while xenogeneic transplantation causes both innate and adaptive immune responses. Accordingly, xenogeneic transplantation required combined CyA and MP therapy, whereas MP monotherapy mitigated rejection in allogeneic transplantation. Our findings may offer a strategy to mitigate transplantation rejection of allogeneic and xenogeneic NSCs in the brain, thereby optimizing the microenvironment for NSC-based therapies in preclinical and clinical applications for various CNS disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of genes associated with liver ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation by WGCNA and PPI network analyses","authors":"Li Jin ,&nbsp;Zhuo Cheng ,&nbsp;Bo Yuan ,&nbsp;Siming Qu ,&nbsp;Jie Lin ,&nbsp;Lin Deng ,&nbsp;Benkai Wei ,&nbsp;Hangpin Wang ,&nbsp;Youzhi Ye ,&nbsp;Zhong Zeng ,&nbsp;Hanfei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. The success of transplantation largely relies on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI). However, the pathogenesis of LIRI remains unclear. In this study, we used the public dataset GSE12720, which contains liver transplants from both living and deceased donors, to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) before and after reperfusion. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify related genes. A protein–protein interaction network containing 85 overlapping DEGs and WGCNA genes was constructed. Using Molecular Complex Detection and cytoHubba plug-ins in Cytoscape and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, we identified 5 core pathways and 13 hub genes (<em>IL-1β, JUN, TNFAIP3, CCL2, ICAM1, CCL20, SOCS3, IRF1, BIRC3, GADD45B, MYC, CCL4, and BCL2A1</em>). These findings were validated using two independent datasets (GSE14951 and GSE15480) and a mouse LIRI model, which effectively confirmed the expression levels of 13 hub genes. This study aimed to use advanced bioinformatics methods to investigate hub genes related to LIRI to identify new biomarkers and improve our understanding of LIRI pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using machine learning to examine pre-transplant factors influencing De novo HLA-specific antibody development post-kidney transplant","authors":"George E. Nita ,&nbsp;Alex Rothwell ,&nbsp;Matthew Howse ,&nbsp;Dan Ridgway ,&nbsp;Abdul Hammad ,&nbsp;Sanjay Mehra ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Jones ,&nbsp;Petra Goldsmith","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The development of <em>de novo</em> donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) against HLA is associated with premature graft failure in kidney transplantation. However, reported rates and contributing factors vary widely. We aimed to identify pre-transplant factors influencing <em>de novo</em> HLA-specific antibody development using machine learning (ML).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 460 kidney transplant recipients at a single centre (2009–2014) was analysed. Pre-transplant clinical and immunological variables were collected, and post-transplant sera were screened for HLA antibodies. Positive samples underwent Single Antigen Bead (SAB) testing. ML models (CART, RF, XGBoost, CatBoost) were trained on a set of pre-transplant data to predict <em>dn</em>DSA formation, with and without SMOTE oversampling. Model performance was evaluated using F1 scores, and feature importance was assessed using SHAP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the full cohort, 115 patients (25 %) developed <em>dn</em>HLA-specific antibodies, including 36 (31 %) with <em>dn</em>DSAs. XGBoost achieved the best performance (F1 0.54–0.59 without SMOTE; 0.72–0.79 with SMOTE). Univariate analysis identified significant predictors: pre-transplant HLA-specific antibodies (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), prior transplantation (p &lt; 0.001), cold ischaemia time (CIT) (<em>p</em> = 0.02), female gender (<em>p</em> = 0.01), younger age (<em>p</em> = 0.03), HLA mismatch (p = 0.01), aminoacid mismatch (p = 0.01), and depleting induction (p = 0.01). SHAP plots confirmed the importance of pre-existing antibodies and re-transplantation. Extremes of CIT and age ≥ 65 was associated were associated with reduced predicted risk. Model performance in the unsensitised subgroup was limited (F1 &lt; 0.2).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ML models can be used to identify pre-transplant risk factors for <em>de novo</em> HLA-specific antibody development. Monitoring and risk-stratification based on these factors may inform immunological strategies and recipient selection to improve long-term allograft outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Translational statement</h3><div>This study identified pre-transplant risk factors for the development of <em>de novo</em> DSA in kidney transplantation. Monitoring and risk-stratifying patients based on these factors may help guide preventive immunological strategies and recipient selection to improve long-term allograft outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosuppression minimization and withdrawal in liver transplantation: The “holy grail”?","authors":"V.U. Lakshmi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Riyas ,&nbsp;Dinesh Balakrishnan ,&nbsp;M.P. Narmadha ,&nbsp;S. Sudhindran","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver transplantation typically necessitates the use of life long immunosuppressive drugs, to suppress the immune system and minimize the risk of rejection. Prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs can, however, lead to various side effects, including an increased risk of infections, renal dysfunction, and several metabolic complications. To address this, transplant professionals work to tailor immunosuppression to the patient needs, with the ultimate goal of minimizing drug doses.The “holy grail” of immunosuppression following liver transplantation has been its complete withdrawal. Over the past decade, researchers have juggled with immunosuppression minimization in recipients of liver grafts, but the results were disparate due to the diversity in study designs and limited sample size. Nevertheless, immunosuppression withdrawal has been observed possible in approximately 20 % of strictly selected recipients, particularly in extremes of age and when performed over a prolonged period. The predominant stumbling-block was the occurrence of rejection during the process of immunosuppression withdrawal. Currently, there is a lack of scientific evidence for selecting patients in whom immunosuppressant minimization would be possible without risk of allograft rejection and on the precise methods of immunosuppression withdrawal.The development of clinical tools for personalized medication adjustments and a broader comprehension of the pathogenesis of late graft rejection are essential for this. This article centers on the physiological mechanisms of immune tolerance, strategies for minimizing and withdrawing immunosuppression after liver transplantation, and the biomarkers indicative of sustained tolerance in liver transplantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation in Argentina: A 10-years single-center experience","authors":"Carlos Chiurchiu ,&nbsp;Pehuén Fernández ,&nbsp;Walter Douthat ,&nbsp;Javier de Arteaga ,&nbsp;Esteban Metrebian ,&nbsp;Raul Colla ,&nbsp;Alejandro Martinez Colombres ,&nbsp;Guillermo Paladini ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Damonte ,&nbsp;Virginia Damonte ,&nbsp;Luciana Mas ,&nbsp;Emanuel José Saad ,&nbsp;Jorge de la Fuente","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation is a feasible option for patients without ABO-compatible (ABOc) living donors. However, its impact on rejection rates and long-term outcomes remains debated. This study aims to compare rejection incidence, graft survival, and patient outcomes between ABOi and ABOc kidney transplant recipients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective, observational, analytical cohort study at the Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, including all ABOi living donor kidney transplants performed between July 2014 and August 2024. For each ABOi recipient, an ABOc counterpart was matched based on age (±5 years), transplant date (±1 year), and sex (when possible). Patients were followed for up to 10 years post-transplant. Immunosuppressive protocols and infectious prophylaxis followed institutional guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 217 living donor kidney transplants, 33 (15.2 %) were ABOi. No significant differences were found between ABOi and ABOc groups in demographic or clinical baseline characteristics, except for donor age (<em>p</em> = 0.026). There were no differences in graft function, major complications, graft loss, or mortality between groups. Acute rejection occurred in 11 ABOi patients (9 humoral, 2 cellular) and 10 ABOc patients (5 humoral, 4 cellular, 1 mixed), with no significant differences. The 10-year overall patient survival was 82.8 % for ABOi and 83.7 % for ABOc, while death-censored graft survival was 96.4 % and 91.7 %, respectively. The non-use of thymoglobulin was the only independent predictor of rejection (aOR = 5.44; 95 % CI = 1.16–25.5; <em>p</em> = 0.031).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ABOi kidney transplantation demonstrates comparable long-term outcomes to ABOc transplantation. It is a viable and safe alternative for patients lacking ABO-compatible living donors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies on post-transplant clinical outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Muchen Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongyu Kang ,&nbsp;Huan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are a major risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, their clinical relevance remains controversial and unclear. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of DSAs in HSCT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis compared outcomes between patients positive and negative for DSAs. Databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for English-language studies published up to January 2025. Studies assessing DSAs and outcomes, including overall survival (OS), graft failure, poor graft function (PGF), poor engraftment rates, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Pooled odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-two studies with 5555 patients with HSCT (557 DSA-positive, 4998 DSA-negative) were included. DSA positivity was considerably associated with increased risk of PGF, graft failure, and overall mortality. Additionally, patients with DSA-positive had lower OS. However, no notable associations were found with GVHD, neutrophil or platelet engraftment, relapse, or infections such as cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus. Study heterogeneity was moderate to high for several outcomes, necessitating the use of random-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>DSAs are linked to poorer HSCT outcomes, particularly graft failure and reduced overall survival. Routine DSA screening and targeted interventions may improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy on FoxP3 and CD28 gene expression in low risk kidney transplant recipients","authors":"May A. Hassaballa ,&nbsp;Mariam Onsy F. Hanna ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mohamed Radwan ,&nbsp;Noussa M. ElAdawi ,&nbsp;Amal Kamal Helmy ,&nbsp;Tarek Fayad ,&nbsp;Mervat ElAnsary ,&nbsp;Gamal Saadi","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>FoxP3 is a transcription factor expressed by regulatory T cells and is essential for their development and suppressive function. CD28 is a costimulatory receptor on T cells that binds to CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells, providing a signal required for T cell activation and survival. This study compared FoxP3 and CD28 gene expression in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) maintained on immunosuppressive therapy with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORI) versus calcineurin inhibitors (CNI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The expression of FoxP3 and CD28 was assessed in immunologically low-risk KTR with stable graft function. KTR receiving CNI (<em>n</em> = 24) were compared with those who underwent early conversion to mTORI post-transplant (<em>n</em> = 20). All patients received a transplant from living donors and the median time since transplant was 60 months. Gene expression analysis was performed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FoxP3 expression differed significantly between treatment groups, with higher levels observed in the mTORI group compared to the CNI group (<em>P</em> = 0.025), while CD28 expression was comparable between groups. Among KTR receiving CNI therapy, FoxP3 expression was significantly lower in female recipients compared to males (<em>P</em> = 0.008); this difference was not observed in the mTORI group. In a multivariate analysis including age, sex, FoxP3 expression and immunosuppressive therapy, only mTORI therapy was significantly associated with higher estimated glomerular filtration rate [β = 22.66 (95 % CI = 3.41–41.91), <em>P</em> = 0.022].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In stable KTR, long-term immunosuppression with mTORI is associated with higher FoxP3 expression and lower CD28 to FoxP3 expression ratio compared to CNI. Although FoxP3 expression differed between treatment groups, only mTORI therapy was independently associated with improved kidney function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of waitlist desensitization for lung candidates is limited by antibody rebound","authors":"David Pinelli ,&nbsp;Jennifer Wright ,&nbsp;Amanda Kamar ,&nbsp;Ambalavanan Arunachalam ,&nbsp;Mrinalini Venkata Subramani ,&nbsp;Chitaru Kurihara ,&nbsp;Ankit Bharat ,&nbsp;Catherine Myers","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HLA antibodies remain a barrier to lung transplantation due to the risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Desensitization is an option to lower antibody levels and increase access to transplant by reducing risk of AMR. However, concerns remain regarding the efficacy, durability, and risks of administering this treatment while waiting for deceased donor offers. We performed longitudinal antibody assessments for 15 highly sensitized lung candidates undergoing desensitization with plasmapheresis-based treatment protocols. Of the 14 patients transplanted, a significant decrease in overall antibody level was observed in the 2 of 4 patients transplanted within 15 days of the end of their first treatment. Conversely, of the 10 who were transplanted more than 15 days after first treatment, 7 patients rebounded to pre-treatment levels or higher within 3–4 weeks. For the 3 patients in this group who showed a durable decrease, this effect did not manifest until months following treatment. When comparing outcomes for the desensitization cohort against a control group that received treatment post-transplant, no significant differences in survival or acute rejection were observed. These results demonstrate that while plasmapheresis-based waitlist desensitization can effectively remove or reduce the level of HLA antibodies, rebound limits its effectiveness for most patients. To promote successful outcomes, pre-transplant therapy should be targeted to candidates with high lung composite allocation scores likely to be transplanted within the first week after treatment, while aggressive post-transplant immunosuppression may be a safer approach for most highly sensitized patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress and current status of gene-edited-pig to non-human primate kidney xenotransplantation drug application","authors":"Shujun Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Wei ,&nbsp;Haihong Yang ,&nbsp;Xilong Lin ,&nbsp;Panfeng Shang ,&nbsp;Shengkun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kidney transplantation is the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). With the application of gene-editing technology and modern immunosuppressants, kidney transplants from pigs with up to 12 edited genes have shown significant survival in non-human primates (NHP) and have been transplanted in handful of patients. Our review describes the most current progress in gene-edited pigs used for kidney xenotransplantation (KXTx) to NHP. Furthermore, this review reports about drug treatment options such as immune induction, immune maintenance, anti-inflammatory therapy, and anticoagulant therapy aiming to provide in prospects of KXTx. We stress the following highlights: 1) The application of induction and maintenance therapies with gene edited pigs for NHP KXTx; 2) The application of CD40-CD154 co-stimulatory pathway blockers as essential in immune maintenance medication; 3) The role of cytokines in monitoring of anti-inflammatory treatment’ and 4) The salvage administration measures during suspected rejection reactions can to some extent prolong the functional survival of the recipient kidney.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory B cells: Synergistic cellular mechanisms and therapeutic potential for alleviating transplant rejection","authors":"Shaochen Yu ,&nbsp;Mengjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyue Dou ,&nbsp;Jian Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trim.2025.102277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Posttransplantation rejection remains a critical challenge in organ transplantation. While immunosuppressants improve graft survival, their long-term side effects compromise patient quality of life, necessitating novel, side effect-free strategies to reduce the incidence of rejection. Regulatory B cells (Bregs), an immunomodulatory B lymphocyte subset within the immune microenvironment, have the potential to mitigate transplant rejection. However, Bregs alone are insufficient to control rejection, and their suppressive effects are notably limited in the absence of immunosuppression, highlighting their dependence on synergistic interactions with other regulatory mechanisms. This review summarizes the diverse phenotypes of Bregs and elucidates their immunomodulatory mechanisms, with a focus on cellular interactions (e.g., with Tregs, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells) and cytokine secretion (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35). We critically evaluate animal and clinical trial data concerning the role of Bregs in transplantation, discussing their potential as therapeutic targets and the current limitations and future directions for harnessing Bregs to alleviate transplant rejection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}