Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive look at Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): from pathogenesis to prevention.","authors":"Omid Salahi Ardekani, Parisa Hasannezhad, Yasaman Goudarzi, Arash Letafati, Zahra Taghiabadi, Mahshid Bahari, Negar Nayerain Jazi, Ali Qaraee Najafabadi, Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00313-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00313-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a formidable respiratory pathogen that particularly affects infants and children. RSV presents with diverse clinical severity, most often causing mild upper airway symptoms but sometimes progressing to severe and potentially fatal lower respiratory tract disease. This virus has a major global public health impact and places a substantial strain on healthcare systems. RSV exhibits distinct seasonal trends that vary across geographic locations and climate zones, and recognizing these patterns and their determinants is essential for policymakers to schedule RSV immunization programs effectively. Increasing attention has been directed toward the evolving landscape of RSV vaccines, particularly regarding their potential to prevent infection and reduce disease severity, especially among vulnerable populations. Until now, three RSV vaccines, Arexvy, Abrysvo, and mRESVIA, have received approval from the FDA. In addition, monoclonal antibodies such as Nirsevimab and Clesrovimab prevent severe RSV disease and are recommended for infants. Given the significant global impact of RSV, this narrative review addresses its multifaceted aspects, including epidemiology and global impact, clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, vaccine development, and its emerging potential as an oncolytic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies viral RNA and antibody response after post-exposure prophylaxis: Implications for blood donor deferral.","authors":"Aman Dev Singh, Simmi Oberoi, Kanwardeep Singh, Simranpreet Kaur, Monika Garg, Rajni Bassi, Amandeep Kaur, Kartik Attri, Shefali Gajebasia","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00312-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00312-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using anti-rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin is widely recognized as highly effective. However, individuals who receive PEP are typically deferred from blood donation for a full year, largely due to theoretical concerns about transfusion safety. However, the evidence supporting such a prolonged deferral remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess rabies real-time RT-PCR status and serological responses among PEP recipients at various intervals following treatment and to consider whether these findings might justify a re-examination of the current one-year blood donor deferral policy after anti-rabies treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center interventional study at an anti-rabies clinic in a tertiary hospital in North India. The study enrolled twenty immunologically naïve adults who had sustained category III animal bites, with no prior rabies exposure or treatment, and who adhered fully to the protocol. Participants received anti-rabies vaccines and equine rabies immunoglobulin as appropriate for their category. Follow-up samples were collected between as early as 48 days and 120 days after the bites. These samples were tested for rabies viral RNA using real-time RT-PCR (Geno-Sens Rabies Real-Time PCR Kit), and antibody titers were measured using ELISA (Rabies Platelia Kit II). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, percentile analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this cohort, dogs were responsible for 90% of bites, with 85% of incidents being unprovoked and 65% involving lower limbs. All participants tested negative using RT-PCR. ELISA titers ranged from 0.881 to 4.449 IU/mL, and all participants exceeded the protective threshold of 0.5 IU/mL. The mean titer was 2.97 ± 1.04 IU/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The lack of detectable rabies viral RNA, together with sustained protective antibody titers, indicates an effective response to PEP in this group. These findings support a more evidence-based reconsideration of the current prolonged blood donor deferral following anti-rabies treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reframing pandemic preparedness: an intelligence-led solidarity model for multi-layered emergencies.","authors":"Alpha Umaru Bai-Sesay, Daniel Lavalie, Mohamed S Bah, Patrick Maada Bundu, Aloubi Walter Emaka, Chizaram Anselm Onyeaghala","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00310-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00310-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The convergence of infectious disease outbreaks, climate shocks, and conflict is exposing fundamental limitations in existing global health preparedness systems, which remain largely fragmented and disease-specific. Epidemics increasingly occur within multi-layered emergencies, where overlapping risks interact to overwhelm fragile health systems and complicate response efforts. This perspective examines structural gaps in current preparedness approaches, including siloed financing, limited integration of multi-sectoral intelligence, and constrained institutional autonomy. Drawing on a structured policy analysis of publicly available literature and institutional experiences, particularly from the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), the analysis highlights how integrated epidemic intelligence and regional coordination can support more anticipatory and context-responsive preparedness. Africa CDC's evolving architecture illustrates the potential of combining surveillance data across health, environmental, and mobility domains to inform earlier and more targeted interventions. Building on these insights, this perspective proposes an intelligence-led solidarity model that integrates equitable resource allocation, interoperable regional intelligence, and predictable financing as interdependent components of resilient preparedness systems. Such an approach repositions preparedness as a shared global public good, emphasizing alignment between data, resources, and governance structures. In the context of increasingly complex and concurrent crises, an intelligence-led solidarity framework offers a pathway to strengthen global health security by enabling more coordinated, adaptive, and forward-looking responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported hepatitis B vaccination uptake and associated factors among adults in a tertiary hospital, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.","authors":"Stephen Olaide Aremu, Adamu Ishaku Akyala, Yakubu Boyi Ngwai, Abdillahi Abdi Barkhadle","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00311-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00311-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. In Nigeria, adult vaccination coverage and completion rates are not well characterized within hospital-based populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,200 adults attending Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Data on socio-demographics, HBV-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived barriers, vaccination uptake, and completion were collected using a structured questionnaire. Knowledge and attitude scores were categorized into poor, fair, and good levels. Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and vaccination uptake were examined using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of respondents was predominantly 36-40 years (32.5%), with males constituting 72.3%. Most respondents had tertiary education (91.8%) and were civil servants (83.4%). Overall awareness of HBV was high (95.5%), with a mean knowledge score of 12.37 ± 1.42. Good knowledge was observed in 74.2% of respondents, while 57.2% demonstrated good attitudes toward HBV prevention. Vaccination uptake was high, with 93.5% reporting receipt of at least one vaccine dose. However, only 22.3% had completed the recommended three-dose schedule, while 48.2% and 23.1% had received one and two doses, respectively. Willingness to complete vaccination was reported by 81.6% of respondents. Perceived barriers included high vaccine cost (72.4%), inadequate access to health facilities (96.9%), fear of side effects (71.9%), and insufficient information (73.5%). No significant associations were found between socio-demographic variables and vaccination uptake (p > 0.05 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite high HBV vaccination initiation and knowledge levels, substantial gaps in vaccine completion persist. Addressing financial, informational, and access-related barriers is essential to improve full vaccination coverage among Nigerian adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing innovation and risk: artificial intelligence in travel medicine.","authors":"Perry J J van Genderen","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00309-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00309-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing travel medicine, a field traditionally reliant on expert judgement and static guidelines. Machine learning systems, generative AI models and digital surveillance tools have the potential to enhance pre-travel counselling, improve diagnostic pathways and strengthen outbreak detection. However, concerns remain regarding variable performance, data privacy and the absence of clear regulatory frameworks. This Perspective examines the role of AI across the travel health continuum, highlighting both opportunities and limitations. Rather than replacing clinical expertise, AI should be carefully validated and integrated to support decision-making. Responsible implementation could improve access, personalize care and strengthen global health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148369839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rwanda's National Reference Laboratory Operational Capacity during the 2024 Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak Response.","authors":"Noel Gahamanyi, Naasson Tuyiringire, Jerome Ndayisenga, Emmanuel Kabalisa, Etienne Kayigi, Therese Mukankwiro, Esperance Umumararungu, Raissa Muvunyi, Jean Pierre Musabyimana, Edouard Ntagwabira, Agnes Gasengayire, Sadiki Nkubito, Clarisse Murebwayire, Laetitia Irankunda, Eliane Kamanzi, Odette Sharangabo, Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Emmanuel E S Francis, Isabelle Mukagatare, Claude Mambo Muvunyi","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00308-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00308-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rwanda reported its first Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in September 2024. This study presents an assessment of Rwanda's National Reference Laboratory Operational Capacity during the 2024 Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak Response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The assessment was conducted using the World Health Organization laboratory assessment tool for viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) diagnostic capacity. This was complemented by an evaluation of various laboratory quality indicators like the turnaround time (TAT). Data were collected through direct observation, documents' review, and interviews with laboratory staff. Descriptive analysis of key response activities and observations was conducted using Microsoft Office (Excel). Also, the map of testing sites was drawn using QGIS 3.40.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NRL's response to the MVD outbreak achieved an overall score of 98%. All components scored 100% except for the quality of the laboratory system, which scored 89% due to the lack of External Quality Assessment (EQA) for MVD. Key achievements during the outbreak response included (i) reduction in the turnaround time (TAT) from sample reception to releasing results from 24 to 7 h, (ii) the recruitment of more laboratory staff supporting sample collection, transportation, testing and results reporting, (ii) creation of five new MVD testing sites, (iii) training of laboratory staff, (iv) digitalization of the laboratory flow, and (v) establishing a 24/7 telephone line for easy communication with laboratories on MVD suspected samples being processed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The strong performance of the NRL highlights its robust laboratory system, which allowed effective testing of MVD suspected cases. We recommend implementing an EQA scheme for VHF diagnostics in Rwanda, including the MVD. Also, improving measures for biosafety, biosecurity, and infection prevention and control in all health facilities would reduce the risk of such infections in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola spp. co-infection.","authors":"Souleymane Ouedraogo, Nicolas Vignier, Anthony Marteau, Aloïs Helary, Emma Oliosi, Clelia Previtali, Ava Diarra","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00307-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00307-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report an imported case of co-infection with fascioliasis and schistosomiasis in a 37-year-old patient with no known medical history, originally from Djibouti, a country in sub-Saharan East Africa. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of Schistosoma ova, suggestive clinical symptoms, positive serologies to both fascioliasis and schistosomiasis, and the atypical appearance of hepatic lesions on MRI. The patient was in France as a tourist. He was treated with a dual therapy of triclabendazole and praziquantel. His clinical condition improved without treatment-related side effects. This case highlights the necessity to search for these two parasitic infections in the presence of suggestive liver involvement, particularly in case of epidemiological risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traveling with chronic viral hepatitis.","authors":"Didem Celik, Cláudio Nunes Silva, Lurdes Santos, Selma Habibovic, Irfan F Corovic, Anca Elena Duduveche, Gule Cinar, Sertac Kucukkaya, Priyanka Khopkar-Kale, Sumit Kumar Rawat, George Sebastian Gherlan, Asha K Rajan, Arjana Zerja, Victor Daniel Miron","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00305-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00305-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral hepatitis is one of the infectious diseases with an overall increasing mortality rate. The global burden of acute viral hepatitis remains substantial, with hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E responsible for millions of new cases annually and significant morbidity, especially in resource-limited settings and among travelers to endemic regions. People living with chronic viral hepatitis, especially with advanced liver disease, may face specific health risks and management challenges during travel, which makes preparing for travel especially important. Travel-related gastroenteritis or febrile syndromes can lead to more severe clinical outcomes due to limited hepatic reserve. Newly acquired hepatitis A and E significantly increase the risk of liver failure and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. This review emphasizes the critical importance of checking the immunization status of patients with chronic viral hepatitis before travel, managing antiviral medications, assessing risk of complications, evaluating the health infrastructure of the destination country, and applying food and water safety precautions. Safe travel for patients with chronic viral hepatitis can be facilitated through an appropriate risk assessment and a personalized travel plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13235105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traveling with HIV.","authors":"Victor Daniel Miron, Lorenzo Rabbi, Sai Keertana Devarapalli, Ana Fidji Glaría Campo, Justyna Kowalska","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00302-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00302-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International travel is increasingly common, and it remains a clinical context in which preventable morbidity may occur if not adequately addressed through a comprehensive pre-travel consultation. This article provides a structured, evidence-informed framework for counseling people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who travel internationally, emphasizing the need for individualized assessment and proactive risk mitigation. We outline key domains relevant to travel health in people living with HIV, including legal and structural barriers, general health evaluation, vaccination planning, malaria prevention, sexual health, and strategies for managing expected and unexpected events during travel. Persistent HIV-related entry, stay, and residence restrictions in some countries may influence itinerary planning, disclosure, and access to healthcare abroad. From a clinical perspective, the cornerstone of safe travel is sustained viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy, with careful planning to ensure uninterrupted medication supply, adherence across time zones, and preparedness for loss or theft of medications. Drug-drug interactions are an important consideration, particularly when prescribing malaria chemoprophylaxis or antibiotics. Vaccination strategies should include routine and travel-specific immunizations, with attention to immune status, and the possibility of reduced immunogenicity requiring serological assessment or additional vaccine doses to obtain optimal response. Travel may increase sexual risk-taking and exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), warranting targeted counseling on prevention, post-exposure strategies, and access to testing and treatment. Destination-specific precautions, such as malaria prevention, must combine rigorous mosquito avoidance measures with appropriate chemoprophylaxis compatible with antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Overall, HIV-informed travel counseling should be considered a standard component of comprehensive HIV care, integrating medical, pharmacological, behavioral, and structural considerations to support safe travel and reduce avoidable complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148006972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toscana virus infection acquired in Campania, Italy, in a Hungarian traveller: case report with mini-review.","authors":"Mohamed Mahdi, Imre Bakos, Anita Koroknai, Márk Kozák, Nikolett Csonka, Anna Nagy, István Zsolt Várkonyi","doi":"10.1186/s40794-026-00306-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-026-00306-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly-borne phlebovirus, is a leading cause of viral meningitis in the Mediterranean region and central Italy. Despite its prominence in endemic areas, TOSV infection is frequently underdiagnosed, particularly among international travellers.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 24-year-old Hungarian male patient developed acute serous meningitis two weeks after returning from Naples, Italy. Symptoms began with a severe headache, accompanied by two episodes of vomiting. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein, and normal glucose levels. TOSV RNA was detected in CSF by RT-PCR, and a 350-nucleotide S-segment sequence showed 99% nucleotide identity to a TOSV lineage A strain previously identified in Italy. Seropositivity in the convalescent serum sample also confirmed the acute infection. Interestingly, blood panel tests showed markedly elevated total IgE levels (437 kU/L).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this represents the first molecularly confirmed case of TOSV neuroinvasive disease acquired in the Campania region since 2005. This report emphasizes TOSV as an emerging travel-associated neurotropic pathogen beyond its traditional central Italian focus, and supports the inclusion of TOSV in diagnostic panels for travellers with acute neurological symptoms following exposure in Mediterranean regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}