Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Essential in-vitro laboratory diagnostic services provision in accordance with the WHO standards in Guragae zone primary health care unit level, South Ethiopia.","authors":"Teha Shumbej,&nbsp;Sofia Menu,&nbsp;Teklemichael Gebru,&nbsp;Tadele Girum,&nbsp;Fitsum Bekele,&nbsp;Absra Solomon,&nbsp;Dereje Mesfin,&nbsp;Abdulewhab Jemal","doi":"10.1186/s40794-020-0104-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-020-0104-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Laboratory services are crucial parts of the health system having a great contribution to disease prevention and management. The importance of accurate and reliable laboratory test results is less recognized in developing countries like Ethiopia where most medical decisions are based on clinical judgment. It is time for countries like Ethiopia to not only increase health care coverage but also improve access to essential diagnostic tests. Hence, this proposed study aims to assess essential in-vitro laboratory service provision in accordance with the WHO standards in Guragae Zone primary health care unit level, South Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Health institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out. 30% randomly selected primary health care units were recruited. Each facility was visited with a WHO checklist by a trained data collector to assess the availability of essential diagnostics service provision. The proportion of available in-vitro diagnostics services was calculated. Results were presented as percentages in tables and figures.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Twenty-one primary health care facilities located in Guragae Zone were assessed between May and July 2019. All surveyed facilities had major gaps in essential test availability. Among essential diagnostic tests listed with WHO like C-reactive protein, lipid profile, Amylase and Lipase, TroponinT/I, hepatitis B e-antigen, IgM-specific antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and anti-HIV/p24 rapid test were not provided in any facilities. However, essential diagnostic services like urine dipstick testing, random blood sugar, smear microscopy, and few serological tests were provided at all primary health care units. All surveyed facilities had limited major laboratory equipment and consumables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>The present study shows limited access to essential laboratory tests at the primary health care level. Hence, the responsible body should invest to make essential tests accessible at the primary care unit level within the framework of universal health coverage in the study area. The fact that access to essential diagnostic tests is the first key step in improving quality of care; such study has its own efforts to enable the implementation of essential diagnostic lists, and improve access to diagnostics in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"6 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-020-0104-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37728372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection using the QuantiFERON-TB GOLD assay in patients with comorbid conditions in a tertiary care endemic setting.","authors":"Kiran Iqbal Masood, Bushra Jamil, Alnoor Akber, Maheen Hassan, Muniba Islam, Zahra Hasan","doi":"10.1186/s40794-020-0102-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-020-0102-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There were 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) in 2017. To eliminate TB, it is necessary to diagnose active TB and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Diagnosis of paucibacillary disease and in extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) remains challenging; low mycobacterial load can be missed by microbiological or molecular based confirmation; EPTB, can be misdiagnosed due to absence of site specific specimens for testing. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) use T cell-based Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) to identify infection with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> (MTB) but cannot discriminate between active and LTBI. We investigated how IGRA was being used in a high burden low resource setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of 149 consecutive cases received for QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Assay (QFT-GIT) testing in routine clinical service.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-six cases were QFT-GIT positive and 93 were QFT-GIT negative. Thirty-six per cent of QFT-GIT tested cases had active TB. Of QFT-GIT positive cases, 59% patients had active TB; 10 with pulmonary and 23 with extra-pulmonary TB. The remaining 41% QFT-positive cases were LTBI. Of the QFT-GIT negative cases, 22% had active TB. Co-morbid conditions were present in 37% of QFT-GIT positive and 60% of QFT-GIT negative cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that IGRA is being used as an adjunct test for active TB in this population. It highlights the complexity of interpreting QFT-GIT results particularly for QFT-GIT negative cases when ruling out MTB infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"6 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7031926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37677938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The \"wing-heeled\" traveler.","authors":"Taylor Kain,&nbsp;Jordan Weinstein,&nbsp;Aaron Thompson,&nbsp;Andrea K Boggild","doi":"10.1186/s40794-020-0103-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-020-0103-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intoxication syndromes may be travel acquired, and are related to intentional or accidental inhalational or percutaneous exposures or ingestions. Due to their myriad clinical presentations, initial differential diagnosis of such intoxications in returned travelers is broad, and typically requires detailed history and laboratory investigations to disentangle. We herein use a case-based clinical problem solving approach to illumination of a mercury intoxication syndrome, which presented in a 48-year-old VFR traveler to Guyana. Common clinical presentations, differential diagnoses, laboratory investigations, and therapeutic interventions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"6 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-020-0103-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37677937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yellow fever control: current epidemiology and vaccination strategies.","authors":"Lin H Chen,&nbsp;Mary E Wilson","doi":"10.1186/s40794-020-0101-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-020-0101-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yellow fever (YF) outbreaks continue, have expanded into new areas and threaten large populations in South America and Africa. Predicting where epidemics might occur must take into account local mosquito populations and specific YF virus strain, as well as ecoclimatic conditions, sociopolitical and demographic factors including population size, density, and mobility, and vaccine coverage. Populations of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i> from different regions vary in susceptibility to and capacity to transmit YF virus. YF virus cannot be eliminated today because the virus circulates in animal reservoirs, but human disease could be eliminated with wide use of the vaccine. WHO EYE (Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics) is a welcome plan to control YF, with strategies to be carried out from 2017 to 2026: to expand use of YF vaccine, to prevent international spread, and to contain outbreaks rapidly. YF vaccination is the mainstay in controlling YF outbreaks, but global supply is insufficient. Therefore, dose-sparing strategies have been proposed including fractional dosing and intradermal administration. Fractional dosing has been effectively used in outbreak control but currently does not satisfy International Health Regulations; special documentation is needed for international travel. Vector control is another facet in preventing YF outbreaks, and novel methods are being considered and proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"6 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-020-0101-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37542963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of human strongyloidiasis research (1968 to 2017).","authors":"Waleed M Sweileh","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0100-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0100-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD). It is commonly associated with poverty and poor hygiene. Strongyloidiasis poses an unseen global public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess and analyze peer-reviewed literature on human strongyloidiasis to shed light on the evolution, volume, important topics, and key players in the field of human strongyloidiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A validated bibliometric method was implemented using Scopus database for the study period from 1968 to 2017. The search strategy was developed based on keywords related to strongyloidiasis. Bibliometric indicators and visualization maps were presented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1947 documents were found. Retrieved documents received 32,382 citations, an average of approximately 16.6 per document, and an <i>h</i>-index of 76. The most frequently encountered keywords in the retrieved literature focused on hyperinfection, diagnosis, prevalence, and ivermectin. The USA led with 540 (27.7%) documents followed by Brazil (139; 7.1%) and Japan (137; 7.0%). When research output was standardized by income and population size, India ranked first (12.4 documents per GDP/capita) followed by the USA (9.1 documents per GDP/capita). The most active journal involved in publishing articles was the <i>American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</i> (95; 4.8%). In terms of institutions, the <i>University of Ryukyus</i> (Japan) was the most active with 62 (3.2%) publications, followed by the <i>University of Pennsylvania</i> with 54 (2.8%) publications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The volume, growth, and international research collaboration in human strongyloidiasis were inadequate given the long history of the disease, the large number of affected people, and the results obtained for other NTDs. Research in human strongyloidiasis needs to be strengthened and encouraged in endemic regions in Southeast Asia and Latin America. International research networking needs to be established to achieve the goals of Sustainable Development Goals in fighting and eradicating NTDs by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"5 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0100-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37502275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Entamoeba moshkovskii</i> in human stool samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic participants in Kenya.","authors":"Cecilia Kyany'a,&nbsp;Fredrick Eyase,&nbsp;Elizabeth Odundo,&nbsp;Erick Kipkirui,&nbsp;Nancy Kipkemoi,&nbsp;Ronald Kirera,&nbsp;Cliff Philip,&nbsp;Janet Ndonye,&nbsp;Mary Kirui,&nbsp;Abigael Ombogo,&nbsp;Margaret Koech,&nbsp;Wallace Bulimo,&nbsp;Christine E Hulseberg","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0098-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0098-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Entamoeba moshkovskii</i> is a member of the <i>Entamoeba</i> complex and a colonizer of the human gut. We used nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to differentiate <i>Entamoeba</i> species in stool samples that had previously been screened by microscopy. Forty-six samples were tested, 23 of which had previously been identified as <i>Entamoeba</i> complex positive by microscopy. Of the 46 specimens tested, we identified nine (19.5%) as <i>E. moshkovskii-</i>positive. In seven of these nine <i>E. moshkovskii</i>-positive samples, either <i>E. dispar</i> or <i>E. histolytica</i> (or both) were also identified, suggesting that co-infections may be common. <i>E. moshkovskii</i> was also detected in both symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>E. moshkovskii</i> in Kenya.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"5 ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0098-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37501813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Endemic Infections on HIV Susceptibility in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"S. Yegorov, V. Joag, R. Galiwango, S. Good, B. Okech, R. Kaul","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0097-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0097-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0097-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41404765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Travel medicine, coca and cocaine: demystifying and rehabilitating Erythroxylum – a comprehensive review","authors":"Irmgard L. Bauer","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43493849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates among children aged below five years with diarrhea attending Robe General Hospital and Goba Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia.","authors":"Addisu Assefa, Mengistu Girma","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0096-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40794-019-0096-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrheal diseases are responsible for high level of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children below 5 years. <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> spp. are pathogenic microbes responsible for the major diarrheal associated mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated with <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among diarrheic children aged below 5 years attending BRGH and GRH, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2016. One stool samples was collected from 422 diarrheic children under the ages of five and were cultured on to Hektoen Enteric (HE) and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Isolation identification of the <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates were conducted using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates were defined as multidrug resistant if it was resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Descriptive statistics were employed and logistic regression models were constructed to determine factors associated with <i>Shigella/Salmonella</i> prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates were 6.9 and 4.3%, respectively. Children aged between 1 to 3 years were significantly associated with <i>Salmonella</i> infection [AOR = 19.08, 95% CI (2.68-135.86)]. The odd of prevalence of <i>Salmonella/Shigella</i> isolates was significantly associated with absence of latrine, absence of hand washing after latrine, and in unimmunized children in adjusted odd ratio. Unimproved water sources and hand washing before meal had also higher odd of prevalence although the difference was not significant. All <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%). In addition, all <i>Shigella</i> isolates were completely resistant to chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and were multidrug resistant. However, all <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigell</i>a isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a relatively low prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> species in the study areas and were significantly associated with lack of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. There were also higher drug resistance and multidrug resistant pattern. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, including access to latrine and supply of safe drinking water are suggested. Checking susceptibilities of <i>Shigella</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> isolates causing diarrhea is also suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":"5 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6864936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37453549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivational factors for choosing treatment destinations among the patients treated overseas from the United Arab Emirates: results from the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions survey 2012","authors":"W. Alnakhi, J. Segal, K. Frick, Saifuddin Ahmed, L. Morlock","doi":"10.1186/s40794-019-0093-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-019-0093-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23303,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40794-019-0093-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}