Transactions of The Faraday Society最新文献

{"title":"Spin-transfer torque in ferromagnetic bilayers generated by anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance.","authors":"Tomohiro Taniguchi, Julie Grollier, M D Stiles","doi":"10.1117/12.2235822","DOIUrl":"10.1117/12.2235822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose an experimental scheme to determine the spin-transfer torque efficiency excited by the spin-orbit interaction in ferromagnetic bilayers from the measurement of the longitudinal magnetoresistace. Solving a diffusive spin-transport theory with appropriate boundary conditions gives an analytical formula of the longitudinal charge current density. The longitudinal charge current has a term that is proportional to the square of the spin-transfer torque efficiency and that also depends on the ratio of the film thickness to the spin diffusion length of the ferromagnet. Extracting this contribution from measurements of the longitudinal resistivity as a function of the thickness can give the spin-transfer torque efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5207049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80178591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omitting pulmonary radiotherapy in selected stage IV nephroblastoma patients with pulmonary metastases.","authors":"Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Saskia L Gooskens, Filippo Spreafico","doi":"10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2012.12.01","DOIUrl":"10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2012.12.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"55 1","pages":"46-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4728941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80454563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing trends in angioedema.","authors":"E G Cohen, A M Soliman","doi":"10.1177/000348940111000801","DOIUrl":"10.1177/000348940111000801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angioedema can be a life-threatening event presenting to otolaryngologists, emergency medicine physicians, and other physicians. Recent reports suggest an increasing role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in the causation of angioedema. Sixty-four cases occurring between 1994 and 1998 were identified and examined retrospectively. Fifty-eight percent of patients presenting with angioedema were using ACEIs. Ninety-four percent of patients overall, and 92% of patients with ACEI-associated angioedema, were African-American. Tongue, lip, facial, and supraglottic edema were most common. Treatment included intubation in 13% and intensive care unit monitoring in 20%. Nearly all patients were treated with corticosteroids and antihistamines. There were no deaths. Angioedema associated with ACEI use appears to be much more common than previously reported. African-American patients may be at higher risk for angioedema with ACEI use. Successful management was achieved with observation, expectant airway management, corticosteroids, and discontinuation of ACEIs. Patients without airway obstruction or pharyngeal or laryngeal edema who improved with treatment and observation were successfully treated as outpatients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"63 1","pages":"701-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80576069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium for maintenance treatment of mood disorders.","authors":"S Burgess, J Geddes, K Hawton, E Townsend, K Jamison, G Goodwin","doi":"10.1002/14651858.CD003013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/14651858.CD003013","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Mood disorders are common, disabling and tend to be recurrent. They carry a high risk of suicide. Maintenance treatment, aimed at the prevention of relapse, is therefore of vital importance. Lithium has been used for some years as the mainstay of maintenance treatment in bipolar affective disorder, and to a lesser extent in unipolar disorder. However, the efficacy and effectiveness of prophylactic lithium therapy has been disputed. Low suicide rates in lithium-treated patients have led to claims that lithium has a specific anti-suicidal effect. If so, this is of considerable importance as treatments for mental disorders in general have not been shown convincingly to be effective in suicide prevention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;1. To investigate the efficacy of lithium treatment in the prevention of relapse in recurrent mood disorders. 2. To examine the effect of lithium treatment on consumers' general health and social functioning, its acceptability to consumers, and the side-effects of treatment. 3. To investigate the hypothesis that lithium has a specific effect in reducing the incidence of suicide and deliberate self-harm in persons with mood disorders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search strategy: &lt;/strong&gt;The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register (CCDANCTR) and The Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register (CCTR) were searched. Reference lists of relevant papers and major text books of mood disorder were examined. Authors, other experts in the field and pharmaceutical companies were contacted for knowledge of suitable trials, published or unpublished. Specialist journals concerning lithium were hand searched.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Selection criteria: &lt;/strong&gt;Randomised controlled trials comparing lithium with placebo, where the stated intent of treatment was maintenance or prophylaxis. Participants were males and females of all ages with diagnoses of mood disorder. Discontinuation studies (in which all participants had been stable on lithium for some time before being randomised to either continued lithium treatment or placebo substitution) were excluded.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data collection and analysis: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were extracted from the original reports independently by two reviewers. The main outcomes studied were related to the objectives stated above. Data were analysed for all diagnoses of mood disorder and for bipolar and unipolar disorder separately. Data were analysed using Review Manager version 4.0.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main results: &lt;/strong&gt;Nine studies were included in the review, reporting on 825 participants randomly allocated to lithium or placebo. Lithium was found to be more effective than placebo in preventing relapse in mood disorder overall, and in bipolar disorder. The most consistent effect was found in bipolar disorder (random effects OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.93 ). In unipolar disorder, the direction of effect was in favour of lithium, but the result (when het","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"67 1","pages":"CD003013"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7005360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79632230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of fast reactions in solution using a dielectric-heating relaxation technique","authors":"K. J. Ivin, J. McGarvey, E. Simmons","doi":"10.1039/TF9716700097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/TF9716700097","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave-pulse temperature-jump relaxation technique is described. Temperature rises of about 0.5 K may be produced in non-polar solvent media in about 1 µs. Spectrophotometric detection is used to monitor the resulting chemical relaxation. A conductimetric detection system is also described and applied to the measurement of relaxation times in the millisecond range in an aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"67 1","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/TF9716700097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57612915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ring-disc electrodes. Part 13.—The Laplace transformation of transients","authors":"W. Albery, J. S. Drury, M. Hitchman","doi":"10.1039/TF9716700166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/TF9716700166","url":null,"abstract":"The Laplace transform of the ring current transient is easier to interpret theoretically than the transient itself. A simple unit for carrying out the transformation is described. Results from the application of the technique are in good agreement with theory.","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"67 1","pages":"166-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/TF9716700166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57613734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave absorption and potential barrier for orientation in COS adsorbed on NaCl","authors":"I. Lubezky, M. Folman","doi":"10.1039/TF9716700222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/TF9716700222","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave absorption of COS adsorbed on finely powdered NaCl has been investigated in the 9000 MHz region. From the T tan δ against temperature dependence, the relaxation time and free energy of activation for orientation were calculated. The energy of interaction of the molecule with the solid adsorbent was computed for different adsorption sites and orientations of the adsorbate and as a function of angle of rotation. The calculated values of heat of adsorption and potential barrier for orientation were in good agreement with the experimental ones.","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"67 1","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/TF9716700222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57613996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of dehydrochlorination of poly(vinylidine chloride). Part 2.—Effect of pre-irradiation with U.-V. and γ-rays and the Influence of the chemical nature of the ambient atmosphere","authors":"D. H. Everett, D. Taylor","doi":"10.1039/TF9716700402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/TF9716700402","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports work on the influence on the kinetics of the first stage of decomposition of solid poly(vinylidene chloride) of pre-irradiation with u.-v. and γ-radiation, and of the chemical nature of the ambient atmosphere (vacuum, N2, air, O2, HCl, NO, ethylene, propylene, water vapour). The results lend support to the mechanism of the reaction proposed in part 1.","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"67 1","pages":"402-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/TF9716700402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57614499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic properties of chromium ions in oxide matrices. Part 1.—Cr2O3-Al2O3 solid solutions","authors":"F. Stone, J. Vickerman","doi":"10.1039/TF9716700316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/TF9716700316","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic susceptibilities (77 to 700 K) and e.p.r. spectra (100 to 573 K ) have been measured for a series of spinel solid solutions MgCrxAl2–xO4 with x varying from 0.002 to 2. The Racah parameter B has been obtained from optical reflectance spectra. All the solutions obey the Curie-Weiss law and the effective magnetic moments lie in the region 3.87 ± 0.05µβ except at x= 1.5 where (below 500 K)µeff= 4.1µβ. Solutions dilute in chromium give e.p.r. spectra characteristic of chromium ions isolated in the spinel lattice (Iµ resonance). At x= 0.2 a broad resonance ϕ replaces the Iµ resonance between x= 0.4 and x= 2. These results, together with the temperature variation of the e.p.r. resonance ϕ, are correlated with the susceptibility and optical measurements. The interpretation of the results is based on the variations in cation-cation interaction with increasing chromium content. The results obtained for the spinel series of solid solutions are compared with those obtained for the corundum series in part 1.","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"67 1","pages":"316-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/TF9716700316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57614643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous decomposition of hydrazine on tungsten films","authors":"R. C. Cosser, F. Tompkins","doi":"10.1039/TF9716700526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/TF9716700526","url":null,"abstract":"The decomposition, in the temperature range 195–455 K, of hydrazine chemisorbed on tungsten films at 195 K has been studied under isothermal conditions, and also when the temperature of decomposition was increased linearly with time. Decomposition occurs by two main processes: (i) by dissociative chemisorption to form adsorbed amide radicals, followed by further surface dissociation, thereby producing adsorbed imide radicals (or even nitrogen adatoms) and mobile hydrogen adatoms; these latter combine and subsequently desorb as hydrogen molecules; (ii) by associative chemisorption of the hydrazine molecule to surface tungsten atoms; the activated surface complex so formed breaks down to give ammonia and nitrogen, largely by the reaction: 3N2H4→ 4NH3+ N2. A study of the decomposition on tungsten films (i) contaminated by the products of a previous decomposition; (ii) presaturated with hydrogen; (iii) partially saturated by both presorption and postsorption of either carbon monoxide or ammonia, indicated that the molecular adsorption takes place on the (110) plane and that the other planes are active for the dissociative adsorption. On the (110) plane, the hydrazine molecule appears to be attached to a single tungsten atom; on the other planes, it occupies four adjacent surface sites. This dual mechanism is consistent with previous results on the heterogeneous decomposition of hydrazine on a wide variety of different surfaces.","PeriodicalId":23290,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of The Faraday Society","volume":"67 1","pages":"526-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1039/TF9716700526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57614856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}