Transplantation and Cellular Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Female-To-Male Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation on Survival Outcomes Varies by Recipient Age","authors":"Kosuke Takano,&nbsp;Masaharu Tamaki,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Inoue,&nbsp;Shunto Kawamura,&nbsp;Seitaro Terakura,&nbsp;Dai Keino,&nbsp;Shinichi Kako,&nbsp;Shin-ichiro Fujiwara,&nbsp;Noriko Doki,&nbsp;Tetsuya Nishida,&nbsp;Yuta Hasegawa,&nbsp;Noboru Asada,&nbsp;Masashi Sawa,&nbsp;Masatsugu Tanaka,&nbsp;Naoyuki Uchida,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Hiramoto,&nbsp;Hirohisa Nakamae,&nbsp;Koji Kawamura,&nbsp;Takahiro Fukuda,&nbsp;Marie Ohbiki,&nbsp;Hideki Nakasone","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sex-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), particularly with female donors and male recipients (FtoM), is known to be associated with an increased risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM). This adverse effect of FtoM allo-HCT is considered to result from allo-immunity against Y-chromosome antigens. However, it has not been elucidated whether the adverse impact of FtoM allo-HCT varies by recipient age. This study aims to examine the effect of sex-mismatch on clinical outcomes in allo-HCT from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors, stratified by recipient age group. Using a Japanese transplantation registry database, we analyzed 10392 patients (n = 2169, 2573, and 5650 in FtoM, MtoF, and sex-matched allo-HCT, respectively) with standard-risk hematological malignancies who had undergone their first allo-HCT from HLA-matched related or unrelated donors without in vivo T-cell depletion between 2008 and 2022. The impact of sex-mismatch on clinical outcomes was separately assessed by recipient age groups: ≤15, 16-39, and ≥40 years. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included disease-free survival, NRM, and the cumulative incidences of acute and chronic GVHD. In recipients aged ≥40 years, OS and NRM at 5 years post-HCT were significantly worse in the FtoM group compared with the MtoF and sex-matched groups (5-year OS 49.5% versus 59.6% versus 57.1%, <em>P</em> &lt; .001; 5-year NRM 27.9% versus 21.9% versus 23.0%, <em>P</em> &lt; .001), while no differences were observed among the FtoM, MtoF, and sex-matched groups in recipients aged ≤ 15 years or 16-39 years. Multivariate analyses confirmed that FtoM allo-HCT was significantly associated with increased mortality only in recipients aged ≥ 40 years (hazard ratio [HR] for OS 1.31, <em>P</em> &lt; .001; HR for NRM 1.44, <em>P</em> &lt; .001). The FtoM group in recipients aged ≥ 40 years frequently experienced fatal infection and fatal noninfectious pulmonary complications. In addition, we confirmed that the adverse effect of FtoM allo-HCT on OS similarly appeared only in recipients aged ≥ 40 years in both sub-cohorts divided by a median of donor age (40 years). The adverse impact of FtoM allo-HCT on survival outcomes differed according to recipient age. Our findings suggest that female donors should be avoided, especially in older male recipients undergoing allo-HCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1287.e1-1287.e11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desmosine as a Novel Biomarker Candidate for Pulmonary and Cutaneous Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease","authors":"Aaron T. Zhao,&nbsp;Filip Pirsl,&nbsp;Jackie Parkin,&nbsp;Alain Mina,&nbsp;Rania Hishmeh,&nbsp;Noa G. Holtzman,&nbsp;Eduard Schulz,&nbsp;Steven Z. Pavletic,&nbsp;Najla El Jurdi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulmonary and cutaneous fibrotic manifestations are common in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and can significantly reduce patients’ quality of life and functional status. Plasma desmosine (pDES), a byproduct of elastin breakdown, may serve as a biomarker for fibrotic tissue involvement in cGVHD. The primmary objective was to evaluate the association between plasma desmosine levels and pulmonary and cutaneous manifestations in patients with cGVHD. We measured pDES levels in 81 cGVHD patients enrolled in the NIH cGVHD Natural History Study using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were evaluated for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) according to NIH consensus criteria, lung involvement using FEV1-based NIH lung cGVHD scores, and skin sclerosis as defined by NIH skin feature scores. Statistical analyses included logistic and linear regression, adjusted for relevant covariates. The median pDES level was 0.39 ng/mL, with 77% of patients exceeding the upper limit of normal (0.280 ng/mL). No significant association was observed between pDES levels and BOS diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-1.52, <em>P</em> = .31). Among patients with skin sclerosis, 84% had elevated pDES levels compared with 67% of those without sclerosis. Similarly, 82% of patients with impaired lung function had elevated pDES levels versus 56% of those with normal lung function. On multivariate analysis, each 0.1 ng/mL increase in pDES was associated with a twofold increase in the odds of impaired lung function (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.13-3.91; <em>P</em> = .032) and higher odds of skin sclerosis (OR: 1.36, 95% CI 1.02-1.92; <em>P</em> = .048). Elevated pDES levels were significantly associated with pulmonary function impairment and skin sclerosis in cGVHD, supporting the potential role of desmosine as a biomarker of organ involvement. Although these findings should be interpreted cautiously, they provide a strong rationale for evaluation in larger, prospective cohorts. Future studies are warranted to validate these observations and to clarify the potential utility of pDES as a prognostic biomarker, as well as its role in monitoring disease progression and treatment response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1246.e1-1246.e10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘A Bridge Too CAR? Who Benefits from Bridging Therapy in 2026?’ [“Impact of Bridging Response on Outcomes after CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Large B-Cell Lymphoma” – Wills et al. Transplant Cell Ther 2026]","authors":"Michael Northend,&nbsp;Claire Roddie","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1184-1186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Incidence of Low-level CMV Viremia Detected by Droplet Digital PCR After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","authors":"He-Lian Li,&nbsp;Yan Zhu,&nbsp;Na-Na Tang,&nbsp;Xin Xie,&nbsp;Zhao-Quan Li,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Hua Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1241.e1-1241.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Standardized Screening for Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Insights from the Engraft Learning Network","authors":"Laila Alkhouli,&nbsp;Seth Rotz,&nbsp;Christopher Dandoy,&nbsp;Priscila Badia,&nbsp;Nabanita Bhunia,&nbsp;Alan Bidgoli,&nbsp;John A. Craddock,&nbsp;Kimberly Davidow,&nbsp;Preston Epling,&nbsp;Ellen Fraint,&nbsp;Lev Gorfinkel,&nbsp;Sonata Jodele,&nbsp;John Huber,&nbsp;Mark B. Juckett,&nbsp;Georgia Kent,&nbsp;Katilyn Kusnier,&nbsp;Leslie Lehmann,&nbsp;Kasiani Myers,&nbsp;Adam S. Nelson,&nbsp;Aivy Nguyen,&nbsp;Malika Kapadia","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.07.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.07.036","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) affects up to 54% of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients and is the leading cause of late non-relapse morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of National Institutes of Health consensus criteria, Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy accreditation standards, and CIBMTR reporting requirements, standardized screening practices remain inconsistent. The Engraft Learning Health Network (LHN) conducted a multicenter assessment to characterize cGVHD screening practices across participating transplant centers. To characterize current cGVHD screening practices across participating transplant centers within the Engraft LHN, identify areas of practice variation, and inform development of a standardized screening approach. This multicenter qualitative study included 10 transplant centers (8 pediatric and 2 adult) within the Engraft LHN. Thirty-three structured interviews were conducted with clinician representatives using a standardized guide addressing eight screening domains: assessment schedules, documentation practices, and organ-specific screening of the skin, oral cavity, ocular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems. Interview summaries were validated by participants and analyzed to quantify screening practices across centers using descriptive statistics and heat map visualization. Marked heterogeneity was observed across all screening domains, with no uniform approach identified across centers. Assessment schedules ranged from weekly to as-needed evaluations, with only 52% of respondents reporting monthly evaluations in the first 6 mo following day 100 post-transplant and 37% continuing quarterly assessments beyond 1 yr. Only 10% incorporated the Lee Symptom Scale into routine documentation. Skin was universally included in the review of systems, but comprehensive examination (12%) and structured scoring (21%) were infrequent. Pulmonary function test monitoring showed significant gaps at intermediate time points, with most centers performing PFTs at annual milestones but fewer than 25% reporting assessment at quarterly intervals recommended by current guidelines. Genitourinary screening demonstrated the greatest inconsistency, with 42% and 63% of respondents not routinely discussing symptoms with female and male patients, respectively. Rare manifestations including neuropathy and serositis were screened for by fewer than 10% of centers. cGVHD screening practices vary widely across transplant centers in timing, documentation, organ-specific assessment, and utilization of standardized tools. Existing assessment frameworks, while clinically detailed, pose practical challenges for routine use outside specialized GVHD clinics. These findings highlight the need for a streamlined, evidence-informed screening bundle with defined assessment intervals, guideline-recommended PFT surveillance, and integration of patient-reported outc","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1303.e1-1303.e12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Longitudinal Salivary and Plasma Cytokine Profiling in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Thiago de Carvalho Reis, Vanessa Tonetto Marques Galves, Mariana Andrade Costa, Maria Julia Pagliarone, Thalita Cristina de Mello Costa, Ana Beatriz Pereira Lima Straccieri, Fabiola Traina, Ana Carolina de Jesus Vieira, Camila Campos Mesquita, Simone Kashima, Evandra Strazza Rodrigues, Tatiane Cristina Ferrari, Hilton Marcos Alves Ricz, Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini, Mary E D Flowers, Alan Grupioni Lourenço, Leandro Dorigan de Macedo","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a leading cause of late morbidity and impaired quality of life after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Although numerous circulating biomarkers have been investigated, most studies employed cross-sectional designs with plasma samples collected after disease diagnosis or immunosuppressive therapy initiation. Prospective longitudinal studies evaluating paired salivary and plasma inflammatory biomarkers during cGVHD development remain scarce. To prospectively evaluate longitudinal changes in selected salivary and plasma inflammatory biomarkers associated with the development of chronic graft-versus-host disease following allo-HCT. Patients undergoing first allo-HCT were prospectively followed from preconditioning (T0) through the first year after transplantation. Blood and unstimulated saliva samples were collected at 2 time points: before conditioning (T0) and at cGVHD diagnosis (T1), prior to initiation of any immunosuppressive therapy. Patients who remained free of cGVHD were sampled on day + 365 (± 15 days). Inflammatory cytokines were quantified by ELISA and analyzed longitudinally within each group and between patients with and without cGVHD. Forty-one patients were included, of whom 13 developed cGVHD and 28 remained free of the disease. Among patients without cGVHD, plasma IL-1β and salivary IL-8 decreased significantly from T0 to T1 after correction for multiple comparisons; salivary IL-1β also decreased after FDR correction but not after Bonferroni correction. No longitudinal biomarker change reached statistical significance in the cGVHD group. At T1, IL-6 concentrations were higher in plasma and saliva in the cGVHD group in nominal analyses, but these differences did not remain statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. This exploratory study identified longitudinal changes in selected inflammatory biomarkers after allo-HCT, particularly among patients who remained free of cGVHD. Between-group differences observed at T1 were limited to nominal analyses and require confirmation in larger, time-matched prospective cohorts. These findings support continued investigation of salivary cytokine profiling as a feasible, noninvasive approach for longitudinal inflammatory monitoring after allo-HCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the Comment on \"The Association Between Hyponatremia and Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy\".","authors":"Kenta Hayashino, Nobuharu Fujii, Wataru Kitamura, Yoshinobu Maeda","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lineage Plasticity-Mediated Resistance to CD7-Directed CAR-T Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory T-ALL/LBL.","authors":"Jiahua Niu, Kun Wang, Shizhen Qiu, Fang Xiang, Huiying Qiu, Xueying Ding, Chongmei Huang, Jun Yang, Yin Tong, Yu Cai, Liping Wan, Kun Zhou, Jingwei Jiang, Baoxia Dong, Haopeng Wang, Xianmin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CD7-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown promising efficacy in relapsed or refractory (R/R) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL). However, relapse remains a major obstacle. We generated a recyclable CD7 CAR-T cells (CD7 CAR^Recyclable) and conducted a phase I clinical trial to evaluate its safety and response in patients with R/R T-ALL/LBL (NCT05290155). Fourteen patients received CAR-T cells and were evaluable for safety and response. Immunophenotypic and molecular profiling were performed longitudinally to characterize relapse patterns. Robust CAR-T expansion was observed in 13 of 14 patients (92.9%). Peak CAR-T concentration (Cmax) reached 62,389.69 copies/μg DNA (range: 3175.94 to 326,482.67) at median 12 days postinfusion (range: 10 to 21). All patients experienced hematologic toxicities, and cytokine release syndrome occurred in 71.4% of patients, predominantly grade 1 to 2. While ICANS developed in 2 patients (14.3%, grade 2 and 3) at day 8 and 28, respectively. Three out of 4 patients achieved measurable residual disease (MRD)-negative complete remission in bone marrow, while the objective response rate for extramedullary disease was 78.6%. With a median follow-up of 8.5 months, the estimated 6-month overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 62.3% and 44.6%, respectively. Notably, lineage switch relapse occurred in 2 patients with ETP-immunophenotype following CAR-T therapy. These findings suggest that lineage plasticity might represent an under-recognized mechanism of resistance to CD7-directed CAR-T therapy in T-ALL/LBL, particularly in ETP-ALL/LBL, warranting further exploring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylaxis with Dexamethasone or Anakinra in Patients with High-Risk Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Axicabtagene Ciloleucel.","authors":"Rawan G Faramand, M Bakri Hammami, Christina Bachmeier, Julio C Chavez, Xuefeng Wang, Bijal Shah, Marian Dam, Aleksandr Lazaryan, Sayeef Mirza, Sameh Gaballa, Farhad Khimani, Hien Liu, Taiga Nishihori, Marco L Davila, Frederick L Locke, Michael D Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Comparison of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel and Lisocabtagene Maraleucel in Relapsed/Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Target Trial Emulation.","authors":"Mohammed Zuber, Chia Jie Tan, Joshua Caballero, Payaningal R Somanath, Amandeep Godara, Shaimaa Elshafie, Lorenzo Villa Zapata","doi":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtct.2026.09.046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) are approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (r/r LBCL). However, no head-to-head randomized trials have directly compared their effectiveness and safety. To compare the real-world effectiveness and safety of axi-cel and liso-cel in adults with r/r LBCL using a target trial emulation (TTE). Using a TTE framework, we conducted a retrospective study of data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network to compare axi-cel and liso-cel in adults with r/r LBCL. Time zero was defined as the date of CAR T-cell infusion, and patients were followed until the occurrence of an outcome, last encounter, or administrative censoring. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Safety outcomes included the cumulative incidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) at 30, 60, and 90 d. Among 1070 patients (709 axi-cel; 361 liso-cel), baseline characteristics were well balanced after IPTW. Median weighted OS was not reached for axi-cel and was 41.4 mo for liso-cel (weighted hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87 to 1.66). Median weighted EFS was not reached for axi-cel and was 31.2 mo for liso-cel (weighted HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.67). Secondary time-varying analyses suggested differences in mortality hazards during longer follow-up, with a higher relative hazard of death for liso-cel at 24 mo (weighted HR: 1.76; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.06). Liso-cel was associated with lower risks of CRS and ICANS across all time points (CRS at 30 d: weighted risk ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.83). Severe CRS was rare and similar across groups, whereas severe ICANS was more frequent with axi-cel (10.9% versus 5.8%). Primary IPTW analyses showed no significant difference in OS and EFS between axi-cel and liso-cel. Secondary time-varying analyses suggested differences in OS hazards during longer follow-up, favoring axi-cel. Liso-cel demonstrated a more favorable safety profile, with lower risk of CRS and ICANS compared with axi-cel. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given differential follow-up between treatment groups and the potential for residual confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":23283,"journal":{"name":"Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}