Transportation Research Record最新文献

Simulation Study of Pedestrians Evacuation Considering Aggressive Behavior 考虑攻击行为的行人疏散仿真研究

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231207843

Qinghua Mao, Yang Li, Rongfu Yu

{"title":"Simulation Study of Pedestrians Evacuation Considering Aggressive Behavior","authors":"Qinghua Mao, Yang Li, Rongfu Yu","doi":"10.1177/03611981231207843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231207843","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict during an evacuation may turn into aggressive behavior and create problems for evacuation. To study the influence of attack behaviors such as pushing and shoving on evacuation and the evacuation law, an extended cellular automata model is developed in this paper. In the model, pedestrian movement is influenced by static, dynamic, and attack floor fields. In addition, pedestrian vision is influenced by the direction and location of movement of surrounding pedestrians, and pedestrians adopt different coping strategies for attacks: avoidance detour, or imitation. Attacker movement and aggressive behavior are also studied. Numerical simulations are conducted to discuss the pedestrian evacuation problem under attack behavior. The effects of the evacuation process, attack field sensitivity coefficient, location of fallen pedestrians, pedestrian density, number of initial attackers, initial attacker location, and pedestrian imitation ratio on evacuation time and number of fallen pedestrians are analyzed. The simulation results show that an appropriate increase in the impact of the attack field can slow down the congestion, that is, the evacuation time is the fastest at k A = 0.5. The evacuation time is faster when the room is full of normal pedestrians or full of attacking pedestrians. The number of casualty pairs is high when the initial position of the attacker is in the middle of the inner side of the room. The results of the study can provide recommendations and guidance for the formulation of evacuation strategies for pushing and shoving type attacks and reducing casualties.","PeriodicalId":23279,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing Freeway Safety Influencing Factors Using the CatBoost Model and Interpretable Machine-Learning Framework, SHAP 基于CatBoost模型和可解释机器学习框架的高速公路安全影响因素分析

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231208903

Jiaqi Li, Xuesong Wang, Xiaohan Yang, Qi Zhang, Hanzhong Pan

{"title":"Analyzing Freeway Safety Influencing Factors Using the CatBoost Model and Interpretable Machine-Learning Framework, SHAP","authors":"Jiaqi Li, Xuesong Wang, Xiaohan Yang, Qi Zhang, Hanzhong Pan","doi":"10.1177/03611981231208903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231208903","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring and analyzing safety influencing factors can guide targeted traffic safety management. Traditional traffic safety models are aimed at specific data problems and making adjustments to the model structure, which lack focus on predictive ability and have limited information on the analysis of influencing factors. In recent years, machine-learning methods have opened new avenues in modeling that have higher prediction accuracy, can identify complex nonlinear relationships, and can overcome over- and under-dispersion and correlation. Machine-learning methods, however, pose the problem of limited interpretability. The interpretable machine-learning framework SHAP can be an effective solution, which can not only reflect the influence of features in each sample but also generate global interpretation. This study established gradient boosting models including the CatBoost and XGBoost models as traffic safety models, which were compared with a traditional NB regression model and a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. SHAP was used to analyze several safety influencing factors, including geometric design features, traffic operation characteristics, time of day, and land use. Results confirmed that the CatBoost model has better prediction ability and is a more suitable traffic safety model than the traditional negative binomial regression model. Among the key findings were that ramp type is the most important factor in freeway crash frequency; curve presence has a great positive impact, while truck proportion has a great negative impact; and traffic volume is highly correlated with truck proportion. These findings can provide theoretical support for safety operation management and targeted improvement measures for freeways.","PeriodicalId":23279,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Analysis of Error From Sampling of Alternatives in Logit-Based Demand Forecasting Models with Massive Choice Sets 基于logistic的海量选择集需求预测模型中备选方案抽样误差的数值分析

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231190634

Max Gardner, Paul Waddell

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Error From Sampling of Alternatives in Logit-Based Demand Forecasting Models with Massive Choice Sets","authors":"Max Gardner, Paul Waddell","doi":"10.1177/03611981231190634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231190634","url":null,"abstract":"Use of the multinomial logit (MNL) functional form is widespread in transportation and land use demand modeling. As the state-of-the-art evolves away from aggregate forecasting and toward activity-based models and microsimulation, MNL models are being asked to accommodate increasingly large choice sets. Different strategies exist to address the challenge of estimating models with very large choice sets, but perhaps none is as commonly employed as sampling of alternatives. The effect of sampling of alternatives on parameter estimation has received considerable attention in the scientific literature. Yet comparatively little quantitative research exists that examines the issues that arise when the same sampling strategies are applied in the context of forecasting. In this study we conducted an analysis of the effect of sampling of alternatives in discrete choice models for disaggregate location choice forecasting. First, a novel measure of forecast error was defined and then used to quantify the extent of the problem as a function of sample rate, model error, and size of the universe of alternatives. Finally, we explored the potential for strategic sampling techniques to reduce the error observed under simple random sampling. In general, we found that the proportion of aggregate demand that was misallocated owing to sampling of alternatives was actually reduced as the size of the universe of alternatives increased. Additionally, simple random sampling was shown to outperform importance sampling in most scenarios. These findings suggest that error resulting from random sampling of alternatives is less of a problem for logit-based microsimulation models than previously assumed.","PeriodicalId":23279,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Equity of Highway Noise Exposure 公路噪声暴露公平性

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231205886

Thor Dodson, Viktoriia Dunleavy

{"title":"Equity of Highway Noise Exposure","authors":"Thor Dodson, Viktoriia Dunleavy","doi":"10.1177/03611981231205886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231205886","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the inequities in exposure to highway noise, which can have adverse effects on health, productivity, and quality of life. If certain subpopulations tend to live near highways because of structural inequality, gentrification, lack of social capital, or other reasons, then highway noise can contribute to inequity in a systematic way. The authors developed an online mapping application, the Noise Inequity Identification Tool (NIIT), to visualize the noise damage cost of noise pollution from road segments, the noise-equity ratios at the county level, and the population distribution of various demographics. The methodology combines estimates of roadway traffic noise levels with the cost of noise damage from the hedonic pricing literature and estimates of the number of households affected to estimate the noise damage cost for each road segment in the U.S. The cost of the noise damage accruing to each demographic is then aggregated over a larger region and normalized by their proportion of the population to calculate the “noise-equity ratio,” revealing substantial inequities in highway noise exposure between demographics at a variety of spatial scales. By using this tool, planners and practitioners can easily identify regions with existing highway noise exposure inequities and pinpoint roadways with excessive noise damage costs to recommend potential externality mitigation projects.","PeriodicalId":23279,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy-Efficient Train Operation Optimization in Istanbul Metro Network Considering Variable Passenger Numbers 考虑客流量变化的伊斯坦布尔地铁网络节能运行优化

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231205876

Ahmet Yildiz, Oktay Arikan, Kemal Keskin

引用次数: 0

Optimization of the Grout Mix Ratio and Simulation Test of Shield Tail Grouting Similarities in a Water-Rich Fine Sand Layer 富水细砂层盾构尾浆配合比优化及相似度模拟试验

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231198480

Yang Song, Ang Li, Hongshuai Wang, Xiaofeng Xu, Xin Wang, Zuoming Xiao, Qiang Yuan

{"title":"Optimization of the Grout Mix Ratio and Simulation Test of Shield Tail Grouting Similarities in a Water-Rich Fine Sand Layer","authors":"Yang Song, Ang Li, Hongshuai Wang, Xiaofeng Xu, Xin Wang, Zuoming Xiao, Qiang Yuan","doi":"10.1177/03611981231198480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231198480","url":null,"abstract":"When shield tunneling is performed in water-rich silt and fine sand strata, the grout becomes runny when diluted by groundwater. After dilution, the filling effect of the grout is not significant, and the level of surface settlement is very high. In this study, based on bidding section 04 of Tianjin Metro Line 11, traditional grouting materials were selected to conduct response surface method (RSM) tests. The purposes of the RSM analysis were to analyze the interactions between materials and their influences on grout performance and to optimize the grout mix ratio. Various admixtures were compared to assess the effects of different admixtures and compositions on the dispersion resistance and flow performance of the grout. Finally, a shield synchronous grouting test system was developed, and a similar indoor grouting simulation test was performed to analyze the influences of the different admixtures on the filling effects and to determine a reasonable grout mix ratio. The following three results were obtained. (1) The RSM was suitable for grout performance prediction and grout mix ratio optimization, and hydroxyethyl cellulose could improve the grout performance and increase the bond performance between the cementing material and aggregate. (2) Admixture incorporation enhancement could improve the grout utilization rate and increase the diffusion distance at the top of the tunnel, which would be conducive to filling the gap at the tail end of the shield. (3) The optimal preparation scheme of grout in water-rich fine sand formations included a water–binder ratio of 0.72, cement–sand ratio of 0.80, fly ash content of 5%, bentonite content of 14.94%, and admixture content of 0.8%–0.9%","PeriodicalId":23279,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-Layer Porous Asphalt: Main Properties to Decrease the Noise Emissions 双层多孔沥青:降低噪音的主要性能

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231203231

Daniel Castro-Fresno, Helena Miera-Dominguez, Pedro Lastra-González, Irune Indacoechea-Vega, Ronald van Loon, Gijsjan van Blokland

引用次数: 0

Bus Operation Safety Business Intelligence Solution: Applying Analytics for Key Performance Indicator, Investigation, and Targeted Actions Analyses with a Centralized Data Warehouse 总线运行安全商业智能解决方案:使用集中数据仓库对关键性能指标、调查和目标行动分析进行分析

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231205882

Xiaotong Ding, John Maleyeff, Frans Valk

{"title":"Bus Operation Safety Business Intelligence Solution: Applying Analytics for Key Performance Indicator, Investigation, and Targeted Actions Analyses with a Centralized Data Warehouse","authors":"Xiaotong Ding, John Maleyeff, Frans Valk","doi":"10.1177/03611981231205882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231205882","url":null,"abstract":"A business intelligence (BI) system was designed to create a proactive, reactive, and precursor decision tool to improve safety of bus operations at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). The system’s development was motivated in part by recommendations of a safety inspection by the Federal Transportation Administration, and the realization that the MBTA has access to vest amounts of data that are not being used to create information effectively. The developers reduced the complexity of the BI system by incorporating analytics to determine the areas of focus where safety has the most impact. Challenges were posed by the need to integrate internal and external databases with various formats and structures, and the desire to create a self-service BI solution for multiple MBTA users. The resulting BI solution includes applications that support key performance indicator analyses, root cause investigations, and targeted improvement actions. These applications represent an enhanced approach that combines data for a more holistic analysis and eliminates the need to transfer datasets or data analyses by email. The system includes various forms of visualizations to help users navigate the myriad of information, including geospatial maps, interactive pie, line, and bar charts, and word frequency and relationship mapping. The paper details the system’s development and how analytical approaches were used to expose important information that is hidden in the data. Examples of applications are shown using screenshots and a general workflow is presented that could be applicable to agencies with fewer resources.","PeriodicalId":23279,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-Driven Analysis of Rural Equity and Cost Concerns for Mileage-Based User Fees in Vermont 数据驱动的佛蒙特州基于里程的用户收费的农村公平和成本问题分析

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231206167

Clare Nelson, Gregory Rowangould

{"title":"Data-Driven Analysis of Rural Equity and Cost Concerns for Mileage-Based User Fees in Vermont","authors":"Clare Nelson, Gregory Rowangould","doi":"10.1177/03611981231206167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231206167","url":null,"abstract":"Examining substitutes to the current state and federal gasoline and diesel fuel excise taxes has become a pressing issue, exacerbated by the rise of high-efficiency and alternative-fuel vehicles threatening the revenue-generating capacity of these taxes. A mileage-based user fee has been frequently proposed in the literature as an alternative that would offer greater benefits to rural and low-income populations than to urban and higher-income populations. However, most prior analyses relied on small data sets and aggregated data. This study examined the impact of replacing the Vermont state fuels tax with a revenue-neutral, mileage-based user fee using mileage and fuel economy data for over 300,000 registered passenger vehicles. We found that, on average, Vermont households would pay an additional $23 per year, with rural households and low-income households facing smaller tax burdens than their urban and high-income counterparts. The impact of a $180 flat fee replacing the Vermont state motor fuels tax was also examined owing to state interest. Findings indicated that a flat fee would result in much larger price fluctuations, with most households paying an additional $47 per year. The disaggregated data approach presented here directly addresses public misconceptions of inequitable cost differences and provides context for public education campaigns to garner mileage-based user fee policy support. Based on our results, there is political ground for further research into the implementation of a mileage-based user fee, including the logistics of an administrative transition to mileage charging and the associated program implementation and technological costs.","PeriodicalId":23279,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive Multi-Objective Algorithm for the Sustainable Electric Vehicle Routing Problem in Medical Waste Management 医疗废物管理中可持续电动车路径问题的自适应多目标算法

4区工程技术

Transportation Research Record Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/03611981231207096

Keyong Lin, S.Nurmaya Musa, Hwa Jen Yap

{"title":"Adaptive Multi-Objective Algorithm for the Sustainable Electric Vehicle Routing Problem in Medical Waste Management","authors":"Keyong Lin, S.Nurmaya Musa, Hwa Jen Yap","doi":"10.1177/03611981231207096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231207096","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the complex issue of managing medical waste transportation using electric vehicles, with the goal of minimizing both energy consumption and the risks associated with hazardous waste. A multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model is introduced, incorporating practical factors such as time windows, partial recharge policy, load-dependent discharge, infection risk, and trips to waste disposal facilities. Our proposed method, a combination of the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm using decomposition (MOEA/D) with adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) and local search (LS) techniques, is referred to as MOEA/D-ALNS. This method demonstrates superior performance compared with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, NSGA-II, modified MOEA/D and MOEA/D-LNS in benchmark instances with realistic assumptions. Our experimental results revealed an inverse correlation between energy consumption and risk objectives. Sensitivity analyses showed that eliminating time-window constraints results in more energy-efficient and safer routes while maintaining a slightly lower battery energy level can strike an ideal balance between energy consumption, risk, and battery health. This research contributes to the understanding of infectious medical waste management with its consideration of electric vehicles and waste disposal. It lays a solid foundation for future studies aiming to improve the sustainability and efficiency of medical waste routing practices.","PeriodicalId":23279,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135286285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0