{"title":"मधेसतिर कथामा सीमान्तीयता {Marginality in the story towards Madhes}","authors":"शारदा Sharada खनाल Khanal","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53586","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत लेखमा आख्यानकार विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको मधेसतिर कथामा प्रयुक्त पात्रहरूको सीमान्तीयताको प्रतिनिधित्वका आधारमा अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सीमान्तीय भनेका निर्धा, निमुखा, ओझेलमा पारिएका, हेपिएका, दबाइएका शोषित, पीडित, दलित अधीनस्थ, पाखा पारिएका, आवाजविहीन तथा इतिहासविहीन व्यक्ति, समुदाय, समाज, जाति, क्षेत्र आदि हुन् । पात्रहरूको प्रतिनिधित्वलाई भौतिक प्रतिनिधित्व र भाषागत लेखनका आधारमा गराइने प्रतिनिधित्व गरी दुई आधारमा छुट्टाएर भौतिक प्रतिनिधित्वलाई पनि पात्रगत प्रतिनिधित्व, परिवेशगत प्रतिनिधित्व र विचारधारात्मक प्रतिनिधित्व गरी विभिन्न उपशीर्षकहरूमा छुट्टाई अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्रमुख, सहायक र गौण सबै पात्र सीमान्तीय भएकाले कथामा सीमान्तीयताको भरपुर प्रतिनिधित्व भएको छ । सामाजिक संरचनाले सीमान्तीय बनेकी विधवामा पुनर्विवाह गरेर नयाँ जीवनको सुरुवात गर्ने इच्छा भएर पनि हिन्दू धार्मिक र पितृसत्तात्मक विचारधाराले बसेकै ठाउँमा सहजतापूर्वक पुनर्विवाह हुने अवस्था नभएपछि घर मात्र होइन गाउँ नै छोडेर हिँड्न बाध्य भएकी छ । नेपाली सामाजिक संरचनाअनुरुप पुरुषले नै आयआर्जनको उत्तरदायित्व बहन गर्नुपर्ने बाध्यताअनुसार बूढो, गोरे, भोटे, धने जस्ता पात्रहरू पैसा कमाउन र पेटभरि खान पाउने आशामा आफ्नो जन्मथलो छोडेर मधेसतिर जान बाध्य भएकाले उनीहरू पनि सीमान्तीय पात्र हुन् । कृतिको अर्थापनका लागि सघन पाठविश्लेषण विधिअनुसार सन्दर्भपरक अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरी स्थापित सिद्धान्तका आधारमा परिणाम निकालिएकाले यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको छ। प्रस्तुत कथामा भाषाका माध्यमबाट पनि सीमान्तीयताको प्रतिनिधित्व गराइएको छ । समग्रमा भन्नुपर्दा मधेसतिर कथा सीमान्तीयताको पात्रगत, परिवेशत, विचारधारात्मक तथा भाषागत सबै दृष्टिले प्रतिनिधित्व भएको कथा हो भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73829071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"थैले खत्रीको इतिहास कथामा प्रगतिवाद {Progressivism in Thale Khatri's historical fiction}","authors":"टंकप्रसाद Tankaprasad भट्टराई Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53583","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख प्रदीप नेपालको “थैले खत्रीको इतिहास’ कथाको विश्लेषणमा आधारित छ । समाजमा विद्यमान शोषक र शोषित दुई वर्गमध्ये शोषक वर्गद्वारा शोषित वर्गमाथि गरिने चरम अन्याय र त्यसको विरुद्धमा शोषित वर्गले गर्ने विद्रोहलाई प्रस्तुत गर्ने कथा लेखनका केन्द्रीयतामा अध्ययनलाई अगाडि बढाइएको छ । समकालीन कथा लेखनका क्षेत्रमा प्रगतिवादी कथाकारको परिचय बनाएका प्रदीप नेपालको ‘धरहराको सहर’ कथासङ्ग्रह भित्रको ‘थैले खत्रीको इतिहास’ उनको प्रतिनिधि कथा हो । यस कथाले प्रगतिवादी विचारधारालाई बलियोसँग उठाएको छ । समाजका दुई वर्ग शोषक र शोषितमध्ये शोषितहरूले गर्ने विद्रोहलाई प्रगतिवादका सापेक्षतामा अध्ययन गर्न प्रदीप नेपालको ‘थैले खत्रीको इतिहास’ कथालाई विश्लेष्य सामग्रीकारूपमा चयन गरी कथाले सामाजिक शोषणको कुन रूपलाई प्रस्तुत गरेको छ र त्यसको विरुद्ध विद्रोह गर्नेवर्गको विरोधको विरुद्ध कसरी प्रस्तुत भएको छ भन्ने दृष्टिकोणबाट कथाको विश्लेषणलाई अगाडि बढाई त्यसैका केन्द्रीयतामा यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90636421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Gautam, Bhagwati Kalikotey, K. Shrestha, A. Shrestha
{"title":"Symptom Assessment among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy In A Cancer Hospital","authors":"R. Gautam, Bhagwati Kalikotey, K. Shrestha, A. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51591","url":null,"abstract":"People with cancer usually experience various distressing symptoms while receiving chemotherapy. Early identification of distressing symptoms of patients receiving treatment is a crucial step toward providing quality nursing care for patients. This study aimed to assess the frequency, severity and distressing symptoms and its predictors among cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy. An Analytical cross-sectional study was done among 233 people receiving cancer chemotherapy in a Cancer Hospital. Convenience sampling method was adopted to select sample and data was collected by in-person interview. Out of 233 respondents, less than half(42.6%) belonged to the 40-59 years age group and male (53.6%). The common physical symptoms were pain (70%), lack of energy (67.8%), nausea (58.8%) and psychological symptoms were feeling sad (43.8%), worrying (43.8%) and difficulty sleeping (18.5%). The most severe symptoms experienced by respondents were pain, dry mouth, lack of energy and shortness of breath. Patient’s age (β=0.321, p <0.001), education ( β= 0.094, p <0.001). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EOCG) ( β=0.340, p <0.001), number of chemotherapy cycle ( β=0.147, p 0.004) were found to be predictors for the physical symptoms. Likewise, for the global distress index, these variables explained 88.9% of this variance (p<0.001, r 2 =0.889). Education (β=0.078,p <0.001), duration of illness (β=0.081, p =0.032) , age (β=0.0.211, p <0.001), ECOG(β=0.0264, p <0.001) were found to be predictors for the global distress index.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74039707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Performative Aspects of Tamang Ritual in Chaitra Purne Jatra","authors":"Kumari Lama","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51749","url":null,"abstract":"Chaitra Purne Jatra, takes place in the month of Chaitra (March/April)when the Tamang people visit Namobuddha, Boudha and Swayambhu and performspecial rituals for the salvation of the departed soul. Against this backdrop,the paper explores examines and analyse the performative aspects of Chaitra PurneJatra taking Rabindra Tamang’s Timal Jatra (2054) as a primary text. Moreover, it concentrates on the dynamics of Tamang ritual. Performing specific cultural ritesin memory of their family members is a ritual process of the Tamang community. They begin the religious rites from Namobuddha and conclude in Swayambhu lighting the special light made up of astu powder, ghee and thread. At the end, people sing, dance and feast, which is reminiscent of the modern performances ontheatre that only highlight the subtle performative qualities of the jatra. To assess and scrutinize the performativity of the jatra, I have employed Richard Schechnerand Victor Turner’s concepts of ritual and performance.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88902634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Continued Fraction in Pell's Equation","authors":"Bal Bahadur Tamang","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51651","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses a continued fraction to explain various approaches to solving Diophantine equations. It first examines the fundamental characteristics of continued fractions, such as convergent and approximations to real numbers. Using continued fractions, we can solve the Pell's equation. Certain theorems have also been discussed for how to expand quadratic irrational integers into periodic continued fractions. Finally, the relationship between convergent and best approximations and use of continuous fraction in calendar construction has-been investigated. The analytical theory of continued fractions is a significant generalization of continued fractions and represents a large field for current and future research.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88643520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Awareness Of Sexual Harassment Among Secondary School Students","authors":"Sabin Dawadi, T. Chaudhary, Pooja Gauro","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51599","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual harassment has gained global attention and has been recognized as a critical public health concern with significant negative impacts on victims ‘physical and mental health. This study aimed to find out the awareness of sexual harassment among secondary school students in Nawalparasi District, Nepal. The descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to find out the awareness of sexual harassment among secondary-level students in Devchuli Municipality, Nawalparasi. Students studying in grades eight, nine, and ten were identified from two conveniently selected schools out of the 12 private schools in the study area. In total, 150 students took part in the study, and every one of them completed the questionnaire in its entirety. Data entry and analysis were done in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The obtained data we reanalyzed using descriptive statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean, and chi-square to ascertain the relationship between the level of awareness of sexual harassment and the selected socio-demographic characteristics. The findings showed that, among 150 respondents, most (82.0%) had a good level of awareness regarding sexual harassment. According to respondents ‘suggestions for preventing sexual harassment (SH) can be stopped by enacting strict rules, regulations, and policies against those who engage in the practice (85.3%), running awareness campaigns about the issue (83.3%), and offering training on how to handle sexual harassment (75.3%).There was no statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness of sexual harassment and the selected socio-demographic variables. It can be recommended that schools conduct an ongoing sensitization program or awareness campaign to teach students about sexual harassment periodically.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76490362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Work-Life Balance of Bank Employees during the Pandemic: An Exploratory Analysis","authors":"B. K. Jain","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51631","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempts to explore the factors of work-life balance (WLB)amid the pandemic and the effects of these derived factors on the overall perception of WLB of bank employees. The quantitative research method was harnessed to explore the objectives. Employees of commercial banks serving in the Morang district, one of the 77 administrative units of Nepal, during the pandemic were the population of the study. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires. Snowball and purposive sampling methods were implied to get the sample of 193 bank employees. The study extracted four factors; personal demand, family demand, work demand, and social demand dimensions of WLB duringCovid-19. And personal demand factor of WLB stood as the most significant out of the other two significant factors namely family and work demand factors to influence the overall perception of WLB amidst the pandemic. Employees’ self-care and self-development needs are to be incorporated while formulating policies of the organization and more specifically WLB during the traumatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85071012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Writing Off: Approaching Modernity through Social Change","authors":"Komal Prasad Phuyal","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51748","url":null,"abstract":"As rupture in the prevailing practices, modernity adopts writing off as one of its diverse ways of bringing the ethos of contemporary time to match up with the aspirations of people. The inner core of the society develops erroneous aspects in its structural foundations over a course of time, whereby promoting social inequalities. Often, the proponents of such system fail to see through the possible implications of such fault line during the inceptions. The fissures in system set onto trouble the people, thereby obstructing the smooth functioning of the society. In such context, the society calls for the intervention of the larger agency, capable of enforcing and sustaining change. The present study examines and analyse slavery as the system that has undergone such change in the history of Nepal. I have taken Chandra Shumsher’s 1924 speech on abolition of slavery and Madan Mani Dixit’s Madhavi (1983) as the primary source of data to explore examine and analyse slavery from the intersection of history and literature in that both Shumsher and Dixit reflection the nature and course of slavery as such. Using the critical perspective of new historicism, the study concludes that modernity employs ‘writing off’ as one of the chief strategies to upgrade the polity with the ethos of contemporaneity.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86017215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"नरसिंह अवतार महाकाव्यमा प्रयोगशीलता {Applicability in Narasimha Avatar epic}","authors":"तुलसीप्रसाद Tulasiprasad गौतम Gautam","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51751","url":null,"abstract":"यस लेखमा जगदीश शमशेर राणाद्वारा रचित नरसिंह अवतार महाकाव्यको प्रयोगवादी अवधारणाका आधारमा अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रयोगवाद आफैंमा कुनै वाद होइन, साहित्यमा गरिने नयाँ–नयाँ प्रयोगलाई प्रयोगवादी भन्ने चलन छ । नेपाली कवितामा प्रयोगवाद भन्नाले वि.सं. २०१७ सालको रूपरेखा पत्रिकामा प्रकाशित मोहन कोइरालाको घाइतेयुग कविताबाट सुरु भएको नयाँ कविता धारालाई बुझिन्छ । यस धाराका कवितामा अमूर्त लेखनशैली, सम्प्रेषणहीनता, संरचनागत शिथिलता, नयाँ नयाँ बिम्ब, प्रतीक र मिथकको प्रयोग, विसङ्गतिको प्रस्तुति र अस्तित्ववादी चेत जस्ता कुरा मुख्य विशेषताका रूपमा रहेका छन् । यिनै कुरालाई आधार बनाई यसमा नरसिंह अवतारको विषयवस्तु, कथानक, चरित्र, परिवेश, उद्देश्य, भाषाशैली आदि तत्वहरूको अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट प्रस्तुत महाकाव्य विषयवस्तुको छनोटमा, कथानक निर्माणमा, पात्रविधानमा, परिवेश निर्माणमा, उद्देश्यका साथै भाषाशैली आदिको प्रयोगमा परम्परित महाकाव्यक संरचना भन्दा भिन्न र नयाँढाँचाको प्रयोगशील बन्न पुगेको प्रस्ट भएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73205424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Activating Three Languages Simultaneously in Mental Lexicon: An Investigation of Nepali – English – Sanskritparallel Language Activation","authors":"L. Pathak","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51649","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first study investigating the nature of trilingual parallel language activation in Nepal-English-Sanskrit triad. Twenty-four participants have been divided into groups of 8 based on the dominance of the three language use to understand the nature of activation in three groups. Stimuli consisted of audio-visual bimodal in nature. An emerging novel technology Mouse Tracker that can study continuous unfolding of cognitive processing has been used to design the experiment and collect the software generated data. The data has been analyzed using SPSS and visualized using R. Results which showed when three languages are activated simultaneously, the phonological similarity plays a facilitating role. The results are explained in line with BLINCS (Bilingual Language Interaction Network for Comprehension of Speech) model.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77788437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}