Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology最新文献_第3页

Public Expenditure on Transportation Infrastructure and Growth: Evidence from Nepal 交通基础设施和增长的公共支出:来自尼泊尔的证据

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53518

S. Khanal, K. B. Karki, S. Chhetri

{"title":"Public Expenditure on Transportation Infrastructure and Growth: Evidence from Nepal","authors":"S. Khanal, K. B. Karki, S. Chhetri","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53518","url":null,"abstract":"The speedy growth in public investment in various sectors was assumed after decades of conflict and an unstable political situation. With the declaration of the Federal Republic, Nepal is going to embark on accelerated economic growth. This has somewhat caused concerns among policymakers of its implication for economic growth. And the government investment in transportation infrastructure is one of the core strategies, called the ‘infrastructure of infrastructures’. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to explain the relationship between economic growth and public expenditure in the transportation sector in Nepal. Primarily, this study has focused on the distinction of expenditures in the five-year development plans in three systems (Panchayat, Democratic, and Republic). This study used time series data collected between 1975 and 2016. The statistical and econometric tools have been used for the study. The result shows that the trend of government investment on public expenditure has increased in the Republic system. This study reveals that the variables are stationary on the first difference. The obtained regression model is satisfactory by diagnostic tests (errors are normally distributed, no serial correlation and homoscedastic). The data explain the positive and significant influence of Transportation Capital Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product, and, hence, it is contributing to economic growth. Furthermore, the results show short-run unidirectional causation from Transportation Capital Expenditure to Gross Domestic Product.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78713075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Catch 22 of Common Man’s Masculinity in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman 阿瑟·米勒《推销员之死》中普通人的男子气概

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53500

Mukta Bahadur Nepali

引用次数: 0

Oil Politics and the Environmental Crisis in Galeano’s Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent 加莱亚诺的《拉丁美洲的开放血管》中的石油政治和环境危机:五个世纪以来对一个大陆的掠夺

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53498

Kumari Lama

{"title":"Oil Politics and the Environmental Crisis in Galeano’s Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent","authors":"Kumari Lama","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53498","url":null,"abstract":"The politics of oil has played a vital role for the massive exploitation of Venezuela’s natural resources such as the petroleum products. When the European colonizers entered into the Latin American countries in the sixteenth century, initially they took hold of the land and the people; later, they pillaged and exploited their natural resources together with the American capitalist cartels. This paper analyzes the petroleum politics that includes the European and American oil cartels that has adversely affected environment in the region. In this paper, I have explored the western capitalists’ petroleum politics in Eduardo Galeano’s book Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent. Mainly I have focused on the case of Venezuela’s Lake Maracaibo, where a continuous spilling of oil has brought a huge damage to different water species; for instance, fishery is on the verge of collapse and the surrounding is severely affected. The craving of capitalist alliances for the petroleum products has ignored the fact that humans have to pay the cost of environmental destruction as a result of the oil politics. The paper sheds light on the environmental crisis, which is caused by continuous extracting and spilling of oil in Lake Maracaibo. Subsequently, the Venezuelan prosperity has got threatened as it totally relies on the ‘oil culture’. To explore the widespread ecological damage on Lake Maracaibo and its surroundings, I have used the deep ecological concept of Arne Naess, which argues that there is the connectedness and dependency of living and non-living things with each other so that any disturbance can hamper the whole ecosystem. Besides Naess’s ecological concept, I have also drawn ideas from the insights of ecocritics Cheryll Glotfelty and Val Plum wood to support Naess’s ecological concept and to clarify the conceptual framework of this paper.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86074088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spectrophotometric Determination of Phosphates in Detergent Samples Available in Tansen, Palpa 分光光度法测定帕尔帕市坦森市洗涤剂样品中磷酸盐的含量

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53520

Yub Narayan Thapa, Tribikram Khadka

{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Phosphates in Detergent Samples Available in Tansen, Palpa","authors":"Yub Narayan Thapa, Tribikram Khadka","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53520","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate is primarily used as a builder in detergents, which helps soften hard water, thereby increasing the cleansing power of detergents. Extensive discharge of phosphate from detergents leads to eutrophication of surface water bodies. This work aims to assess the amount of phosphate present in detergent samples available in Tansen, Palpa, and compare its concentration between local and foreign detergents. Phosphate in detergent samples can be determined by the molybdenum blue phosphorus method using a spectrophotometer. The experimental process relies on forming a phosphomolybdate blue complex with ammonium molybdate and the subsequent reduction of the complex by hydrazine hydrate in an aqueous sulphuric acid medium. The system obeys Beer-Lambert’s law at 830 nm in the concentration range of 2-16 ppm. In this study, the phosphate concentration in local detergents (Dhoni, Light, V-Series, Nirma, Upahar, Patanjali, Rin Shakti and Dr Jhatka) varied from 15.54-33.03 ppm, and that of foreign detergents (Wheel, Super Check, Surf Excel, Tide and Ariel) ranged from 23.81- 32.65 ppm. The amount of phosphate was compared between local and foreign detergent samples using the student's t-test, which revealed no significant difference between them. The results obtained from the study disclosed that the detergents under investigation are within the permissible limits of phosphate. However, non- phosphate-based builders can be used to discourage the use of phosphate in detergents.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89917406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

अर्को क्षितिजको खोज कथामा विश्वदृष्टि {A worldview in the story of the discovery of another horizon} अर्कोक्षितिजकोखोजकथामाविश्वदृष्टि{世界观的发现的故事另一个地平线}

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53588

जीवनाथ Jivanath तिवारी Tiwari

{"title":"अर्को क्षितिजको खोज कथामा विश्वदृष्टि {A worldview in the story of the discovery of another horizon}","authors":"जीवनाथ Jivanath तिवारी Tiwari","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53588","url":null,"abstract":"भागीरथी श्रेष्ठद्वारा लिखित विभ्रम कथासङ्ग्रहमा सङ्गृहीत अर्को क्षितिजको खोज कथा पारिवारिक विषयवस्तुमा केन्द्रित रहेको देखिन्छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा अभिभावक अर्थात् मातृपितृ वर्गको पुरानो पुस्ता र तिनका सन्ततिहरूको नवीन पुस्ता गरी दुईवटा पुस्ता विश्वदृष्टिका केन्द्र बनेका छन् । यस खालका पुराना र नयाँखालका पुस्ताले जीवनजगत्का बारेमा भिन्न भिन्न विश्वदृष्टिको विकास गरेका छन् । सन्ततिहरूलाई अटुट माया गर्ने, उनीहरूको शिक्षादीक्षामा विशेष चासो राख्ने, गरगहना बेचेर दुःख कष्ट सहेर भए पनि आफ्ना सन्ततिहरूको उज्वल भविष्यको लागि सधै चिन्तित रहने पुरानो पुस्तामा विकसित आशावादी विश्वदृष्टि र नवीन पुस्तामा विकसित अभिभावकहरूलाई तिरस्कार अपमान तथा घृणा गर्ने एकल परिवारमा रमाउने चरम पुँजीवादका कारण विकसित हुँदै गइरहेको विमा नवीकरणको विश्वदृष्टि विकसित भएको पाइन्छ । नवीन पुस्तास्वार्थ प्रेरित ढङ्गले अगाडि बढ्दै गएको छ । शिक्षित सहरिया सम्पन्न परिवारमा एकल परिवारको अवधारणा विकसित हुँदै गइरहेको छ । सहरिया सम्पन्नताले मानवता, मानवीय धर्म र कर्तव्य पातलिँदै गएको छ । यसरी विकसित विश्वदृष्टिले संरचनाको समान धर्मितासमेत कायम गरेको छ ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75929848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Error Analysis of Written English Composition: A Case of Basic Level Students 英语写作错误分析——以基础阶段学生为例

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53517

Ramesh Neupane

引用次数: 2

उज्यालोतिर उपन्यासमा अभिघात चेतना {Traumatic Consciousness in the Novel Toward 'the Light'} उज्यालोतिरउपन्यासमाअभिघातचेतना{创伤性意识在小说中对“光”}

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53582

टंकप्रसाद Tankaprasad पन्थ Pantha

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引用次数: 0

कि त आज घरमा कोही मानिस छैन ? कवितामा साइबर संस्कृति {Or is there no one at home today? in poetry Cyber culture}

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53584

शंकरप्रसाद Shankarprasad गैरे Gaire

{"title":"कि त आज घरमा कोही मानिस छैन ? कवितामा साइबर संस्कृति {Or is there no one at home today? in poetry Cyber culture}","authors":"शंकरप्रसाद Shankarprasad गैरे Gaire","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53584","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख गोविन्दराज भट्टराईको ‘कि त आज घरमा कोही मानिस छैन ?’ कविताको विश्लेषणमा आधारित छ । यस लेखमा वर्तमान समयमा मान्छे यन्त्रबाट परिचालित हुँदै गएको अवस्थामा गोविन्दराज भट्टराईद्वारा लेखिएको यस कविताले वर्तमान अवस्थामा मान्छे यन्त्र चालित हुँदै गैरहेको अवस्थालाई कसरी प्रस्तुत गरेको छ भन्ने विषयलाई केन्द्रमा राखेर कविताको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । पछिल्लो समयलाई उत्तर आधुनिक युग भनिन्छ । विज्ञानको चरम विकासले मान्छेको स्वभाव, संस्कारमै परिवर्तन ल्याएको छ । मान्छे आधा मान्छे र आधा यन्त्र बनेको छ । उसमा मानवीय संवेदना मर्दै गएको छ । अर्कातर्फ यन्त्रनै आधामानव भैदिएको छ । यसले गर्दा मान्छे मान्छेबाट टाढिँदै गएको छ भने यन्त्रसँग आत्मीय बन्दै गैरहेको छ भन्नेभावलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको यस कवितामा साइबर संस्कृति र सभ्यताको नकारात्मक पक्षलाई कसरी उठाइएको छ र साइबरले मान्छेमान्छे बीचको सम्बन्धमा कसरी दुरी सिर्जना गर्दै गएको छ भन्ने समस्यामा केन्द्रित रहेर साइबर साहित्यको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणाका आधारमा यस कविताको विश्लेषण गरी प्रस्तुत शोध्य लेखमा कवितामा प्रयुक्त साइबर संस्कृति र त्यसले सिर्जना गरेको सभ्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका दृष्टिबाट पुष्टि गरिएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80667269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

लाहुरी भैंसी कथामा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवाद {Critical realism in the Lahuri buffalo story}

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53587

कमलादेवी Kamaladevi न्यौपाने Neupane

{"title":"लाहुरी भैंसी कथामा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवाद {Critical realism in the Lahuri buffalo story}","authors":"कमलादेवी Kamaladevi न्यौपाने Neupane","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53587","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा रमेश विकलद्वारा लेखिएको ‘लाहुरी भैंसी’ कथालाई कथ्य विषय बनाएर त्यसमा अन्तर्निहित यथार्थको आलोचनात्मक पक्षलाई आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादको सैद्धान्तिक आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । ‘लाहुरी भैंसी’ कथालाई विकलको प्रतिनिधि कथा मानिन्छ । यस कथामा विकलले समाजको त्यस्तो यथार्थको प्रस्तुति गरेका छन् जो आलोच्य छ । नेपाली समाजमा सम्पन्न र सामन्तहरूले गरिब, सोझा, निमुखालाई मतिभ्रमित पारी शोषण, दमन गर्ने तथा शोषितहरूले आफूमाथि भएको शोषणको पत्तै नपाउने अवस्थाका साथै शोषकहरूको धूत्र्याईँलाई यिनका कथामा जीवन्त रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको हुन्छ । ‘लाहुरी भैंसी’ कथाले नेपाली समाजको यस्तै समस्याको उठान गरेको छ । रमेश विकललाई प्रगतिवादी कथाकार भनिए पनि उनी आफ्ना कथाहरूमा मूलतः आलोचनात्मक देखिन्छन् । प्रस्तुत विश्लेष्य कथालाई समेत प्रायः समालोचकहरूले प्रगतिवादी कथा माने पनि यसमा प्रगतिवादका अभिलक्षणहरू कमजोर र आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादका अभिलक्षणहरू सबल रूपमा देखापरेको तथ्यलाई प्रस्तुत शोध्य लेखमा विश्लेष्य विषय बनाइएको छ । यस शोध्य लेखमा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधार प्रस्तुत गरी ‘लाहुरी भैँसी’ कथा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादका सापेक्षमा केकस्तो देखिन्छ भन्ने समस्याका केन्द्रीयतामा अध्ययनलाई अगाडि बढाएर प्रस्तुत कथा आलोचनात्मक यथार्थवादको सवल प्रस्तुति रहेको कथा हो भन्ने पुष्टि गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83928268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physico-Chemical Parameterization and Comparison of Some Milks 某些牛奶的理化参数化及比较

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53499

M. Gautam, Sabina Pantha

{"title":"Physico-Chemical Parameterization and Comparison of Some Milks","authors":"M. Gautam, Sabina Pantha","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53499","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is a source of Lactose, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, minerals, etc. This work was carried out to estimate and compare the physicochemical parameters of fresh milk and boiled milk of Human (woman), Cow, Buffalo and Goat of Palpa after one month of their pregnancy time in December, 2018and to compare these parameters with their standard values. These were analyzed using standard literature methods. I t has been determined that Fresh Human milk has 8.16 pH, 7.7 % Lactose, 3.30 %, Fat, 85 % Water, and 0.036mg Chloride, Fresh Cow milk has 6.68 pH, 3.7 % Lactose, 3.71 % Fat, 90 % Water, and 0.035mg Chloride, Fresh Buffalo milk has 6.07 pH, 3.8 % Lactose, 5.84 % Fat, 90 % Water, and 0.037 mg Chloride and Fresh Goat Milk has 6.81 pH, 3.1 % Lactose, 4.93 % Fat, 83.25 % Water, and 0.036 mg Chloride but 7.50 pH, 7.6 % Lactose, 3.11 %Fat, 71 % Water and 0.03249 mg Chloride in Human milk, 6.24 pH, 3.3 % Lactose, 3.21 % Fat, 79.5 % Water, and 0.03427 mg Chloride in Cow milk, 5.54 pH, 3.1 % Lactose, 5.74 % Fat, 88.5 % Water, and 0.01831 mg Chloride in Buffalo milk and 6.36 pH, 2.9 % Lactose, 4.37 % Fat, 79.5 % Water, and 0.04136 mg Chloride in Goat milk after boiling at 50°C respectively. All determined parameters of collected milk samples meet the standard requirements and boiled milk is found to be better than fresh milk.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83748556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0