{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000551154","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1159/000549364.].</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000551151","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1159/000544115.].</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Zeiser, Halvard Bönig, Elena Osswald, Uwe Pichlmeier, Ann-Kristin Möller, Michael Tribanek, Maria Lazarou-Wild, Renate von der Weth, Lisa-Marie Pfeffermann, Peter Bader
{"title":"Clinical Development Programme of the Innovative Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Product MSC-FFM/MC0518 for Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Design of 2 Randomised Controlled Trials in Adult and Paediatric Patients.","authors":"Robert Zeiser, Halvard Bönig, Elena Osswald, Uwe Pichlmeier, Ann-Kristin Möller, Michael Tribanek, Maria Lazarou-Wild, Renate von der Weth, Lisa-Marie Pfeffermann, Peter Bader","doi":"10.1159/000550469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000550469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although corticosteroids remain the standard first-line therapy, a considerable number of patients fail to respond adequately, leading to significant morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated as a therapeutic option in this setting due to their immunomodulating and tissue-regenerative properties. Two ongoing clinical trials - IDUNN (NCT04629833) and BALDER (NCT06075706) - are assessing the role of the innovative product MSC-FFM/MC0518 in managing steroid-refractory aGvHD (SR-aGvHD). In parallel, a dedicated surveillance programme is collecting long-term efficacy and safety data to inform clinical use beyond the controlled trial environment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The IDUNN and BALDER trials will deliver definitive evidence on the efficacy and safety of MC0518 in SR-aGvHD and may shape future therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathilde Gavillet, Tobias Gleich-Nagel, Helene Legardeur, David Baud, Noemy Friedrich, Christine Henny, Giorgia Canellini, Emeline Maisonneuve, Sofia Lejon Crottet
{"title":"Obstetrical Impact of Anti-MUT (Anti-MNS35) Alloimmunization.","authors":"Mathilde Gavillet, Tobias Gleich-Nagel, Helene Legardeur, David Baud, Noemy Friedrich, Christine Henny, Giorgia Canellini, Emeline Maisonneuve, Sofia Lejon Crottet","doi":"10.1159/000550751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000550751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by maternal alloimmunization against fetal red blood cell (RBC) antigens. While most cases involve well-characterized antibodies such as anti-D, anti-c, or anti-K, antibodies against low-prevalence antigens (LPAs) - particularly those within the MNS blood group system - remain underrecognized and underreported.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of maternal alloimmunization against the paternally inherited LPA MUT (MNS35), carried on a hybrid glycophorin (<i>GYPA*19</i>, GP.Hut), across three pregnancies. The first pregnancy ended in fetal demise due to severe anemia at 33 weeks of gestation (WG). In a subsequent twin pregnancy, both neonates presented with severe HDFN after emergency cesarean section at 31 WG. Anti-MUT antibodies were identified in maternal plasma and neonatal eluates, with a high monocyte index observed in functional testing using paternal and GP.Mur-positive RBCs. Sequencing demonstrated the presence of the <i>GYPA*19</i> (<i>GYPA*Hut</i>) allele in both infants. The two neonates had favorable outcome after exchange transfusion and intensive phototherapy. A third pregnancy was closely monitored. Anti-MUT antibodies remained stable at 1/32 between 20 and 36 WG. The patient delivered a healthy newborn without anemia. After birth, the child was tested GP.Hut negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case supports the pathogenicity of anti-MUT as a cause of severe HDFN. It underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by antibodies against LPAs and highlights the importance of extended serological, molecular, and functional testing. Crossmatching maternal plasma with paternal RBCs and systematic evaluation of serological discrepancies can reveal otherwise undetectable alloantibodies. Early identification, functional assessment, and multidisciplinary management are key to optimizing outcomes in pregnancies complicated by rare RBC alloimmunization. Anti-MUT should be considered a clinically significant antibody with the potential to cause severe HDFN, warranting proactive perinatal surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147594986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serum Eye Drops: Implementation, Upscaling, and Patient-Centered Care - Insights from a Blood Bank in Western Austria.","authors":"Anita Siller, Harald Schennach, Marco Amato","doi":"10.1159/000550756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000550756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum eye drops (SEDs) have emerged as an important therapeutic option for the management of severe ocular surface diseases, particularly in cases refractory to conventional treatments. Despite their proven efficacy, the implementation and expansion of SED therapy in clinical practice present logistical, regulatory, and clinical challenges. Although we started producing SED rather recently in 2018 at the Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology in Innsbruck, Austria, we were producing more than 750 monthly packages in 2024. We were able to establish a service-oriented workflow for our constantly growing number of patients, also reflecting the urgent need for this therapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review provides an overview of the indications and mechanisms of action of SED, summarizes current evidence for their efficacy and safety, and details the stepwise approach taken to implement and upscale SED therapy at our blood bank. Key aspects include patient selection criteria, preparation, and quality control of autologous and allogeneic SED, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the development of standardized protocols. The article also addresses barriers encountered during implementation, such as regulatory requirements and resource allocation, and outlines solutions adopted to ensure sustainable and patient-centered care.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>SEDs represent a valuable addition to the therapeutic arsenal for ocular surface disorders, offering significant benefits in selected patient populations. It is therefore important that more blood banks in Europe include SEDs in their product portfolio in the future to meet the increasing demand. However, the successful implementation and upscaling of SED therapy require multidisciplinary collaboration between blood bank, ophthalmologists, pharmacies, and health insurances, as well as excellent logistics infrastructure, to comply with strict regulatory requirements. Standardized protocols, continuously ongoing staff training, and patient education are critical for optimizing clinical outcomes and ensuring the long-term sustainability of SED programs in large medical centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shane Khan, Todd Ogilby, Hakan Buyukdere, Karen Fung-Kee-Fung
{"title":"Rheology of Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence: Insights from Hemoglobin Electrophoresis - A Case Report.","authors":"Shane Khan, Todd Ogilby, Hakan Buyukdere, Karen Fung-Kee-Fung","doi":"10.1159/000550752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000550752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS) is a recognized complication of monochorionic (MC) twins due to abnormal placental vasculature. Determining the rheology involved within the abnormal placental vasculature may help in identifying the optimum treatment option.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a case of TAPS which was treated via intrauterine transfusions (IUTs) with partial exchange transfusions in which additional hemoglobin electrophoresis (HbEp) testing was performed on cordocentesis samples taken before and after IUTs and partial exchange transfusions for the donor and recipient twin, respectively. The aim was to assess the flow dynamics from the donor to recipient twin. No differences in hemoglobin A (HbA) were found in the polycythemic twin after 30 min of IUT of the anemic co-twin but within 13 days of first transfusion, greater than a 3-fold rise in HbA was apparent. Within 5 days of second treatment a further 9% rise in HbA was encountered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of HbEp testing in this case provided preliminary insights into the fluid dynamics involved in TAPS; however, further studies are required to achieve better understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heiko Rühl, Natascha Marquardt, Johannes Oldenburg
{"title":"Ageing with Haemophilia: Comorbidities in Focus.","authors":"Heiko Rühl, Natascha Marquardt, Johannes Oldenburg","doi":"10.1159/000550750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000550750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Life expectancy in people with haemophilia (PWH) has risen markedly, creating an ageing population with both age-related diseases and sequelae of historical treatment eras. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infections still influence long-term outcomes despite effective antiviral therapy, while decades without or with insufficient prophylaxis left many PWH with joint damage, pain, and functional restrictions. With age, cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychological comorbidities have become increasingly relevant.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Older PWH present with a diverse comorbidity profile shaped by factors specific to them, such as historical viral exposures and longstanding arthropathy, and by those prevalent in the ageing general population. Chronic arthropathy remains a central driver of disability, contributing to reduced mobility, osteoporosis, and fracture risk. Cardiovascular disease is increasingly relevant, with high rates of hypertension and age-typical atherosclerosis, while managing acute coronary syndromes and atrial fibrillation requires balancing standard cardiology care with haemostatic support. Obesity, diabetes, and most cancers occur at frequencies similar to the general population and cluster with other cardiovascular risk factors. Psychological symptoms, including depression and anxiety, are common and linked to chronic pain, declining independence and social isolation. Future cohorts receiving early prophylaxis or non-factor therapies are expected to age with less joint morbidity, although the vascular impact of newer agents remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Ageing PWH faces both haemophilia-specific sequelae and age-related comorbidities. Musculoskeletal impairment, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and psychological symptoms now shape morbidity. Historical effects of HCV and HIV persist, and evolving therapies will influence future patterns, requiring sustained multidisciplinary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12975278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147435640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on Predictive Methods for Delayed Blood Donation Due to Low Hemoglobin: Evidence Based on Blood Donation Data in Hangzhou, China.","authors":"Changhong Kong, Junna Qiu, Yebiao Xu, Cuie Wang, Kaili Wu, Risheng He, Wei Hu","doi":"10.1159/000550280","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood donors may face deferral due to low hemoglobin (Hb) levels, posing a key challenge for blood management. Most prediction studies are based on European data, and their accuracy can be improved, while research on Chinese donors remains limited. Objective establish and evaluate the applicability of existing low Hb delay prediction methods to Chinese data and introduce new machine learning models and hyperparameter adjustment methods to optimize prediction schemes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used 26,796 whole blood donation records from Hangzhou (Jan 2023-Oct 2025) to build a machine learning classification model. Seven algorithms, including Logistic Regression and LightGBM, were evaluated using SMOTE for imbalance correction and Hyperband for tuning. Logistic regression and SHAP analysis were then applied to identify key donor characteristics influencing prediction performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under the premise of 90% specificity, the LightGBM model had the highest prediction accuracy for blood donation delay due to low Hb. At the same time, the historical average Hb test value of blood donors plays the most important role in the prediction performance of the model, followed by gender, occupation, and type of blood donors (whether to donate blood in groups). In addition, ethnic group also had a significant impact on the prediction of delayed blood donation in Hangzhou area of China.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using historical pre-donation test data and donor personal information enables reliable prediction of low-Hb deferral. The feature importance results based on Hangzhou data were consistent with previous studies, suggesting shared mechanisms and cross-regional model transferability. Moreover, hyperparameter optimization further enhances model performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12900534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakob Leonhardi, Tihomir Dermendzhiev, Enrica Bach, Mandy Brückner, Song-Yau Wang, Georg-Nikolaus Franke, Madlen Jentzsch, Simone Heyn, Klaus H Metzeler, Uwe Platzbecker, Timm Denecke, Maximilan Merz, Vladan Vučinić, Hans-Jonas Meyer
{"title":"Associations between CT Radiomics Analyses and Hematopoietic Cell Mobilization in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: An Exploratory Analysis.","authors":"Jakob Leonhardi, Tihomir Dermendzhiev, Enrica Bach, Mandy Brückner, Song-Yau Wang, Georg-Nikolaus Franke, Madlen Jentzsch, Simone Heyn, Klaus H Metzeler, Uwe Platzbecker, Timm Denecke, Maximilan Merz, Vladan Vučinić, Hans-Jonas Meyer","doi":"10.1159/000549972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000549972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Peripheral stem-cell collection is an essential step/prerequisite for high-dose treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Radiomics provides numerous analytic parameters from imaging modalities and can characterize tissues in a quantitative manner. The present study used radiomics derived parameters based on computed tomography (CT) images to identify prognostic factors for stem-cell mobilization in patients with MM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between May 2020 and September 2022 all patients who had undergone quadruplet induction therapy, were scheduled for stem-cell mobilization in preparation for autologous stem cell transplantation, and had CT scans prior to chemomobilization were retrospectively analyzed. Total 34 patients (25 males [74%], median age 60 ± 8 years) were analyzed. Whole-body CT images routinely obtained before the start of mobilization were analyzed with texture analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the investigated CT radiomics features, three CT textures were associated with the concentration of CD34+ cell count in peripheral blood at begin of apheresis. The second-order texture feature \"S(1,0)AngScMom\" and the wavelet transform feature \"WavEnHH_s-5\" were positively correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.375, <i>p</i> = 0.031 and <i>r</i> = 0.432, <i>p</i> = 0.012, respectively), whereas the autoregressive feature \"Teta1\" was inversely correlated (<i>r</i> = -0.375, <i>p</i> = 0.031). The significant CT radiomics features were used to build a model with a good diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59-0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT radiomics features can predict apheresis yield in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell mobilization in patients with MM. Further analyses are needed to validate the identified radiomics signature in clinical routine and to test the predictive abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12948403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lea Wörner, Gabriele Rink, Xenia Merkle, Peter Bugert
{"title":"Introduction of an Optimized Protocol for Long-Read Nanopore Sequencing of Blood Group Genes in Immunohematology Case Studies.","authors":"Lea Wörner, Gabriele Rink, Xenia Merkle, Peter Bugert","doi":"10.1159/000550249","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In immunohematology case studies the knowledge about variants of the blood group gene of interest can facilitate antibody diagnosis. Known gene variants can be rapidly genotyped by specific methods, but the identification of unknown variants requires sequencing of the gene. High throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies represent important tools for DNA sequencing of many targets in larger numbers of samples but are less suitable for the analysis of one or few genes in single samples. Nanopore sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT) is a fast sequencing technology that could fulfill the requirements for targeted gene sequencing in case studies. Here, we describe an optimized protocol for long-read nanopore sequencing of blood group genes that enables analysis of whole genes within less than 7 h from DNA extraction to genotype determination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primers for long-range PCR (LR-PCR) were designed for the blood group genes <i>ACKR1</i>, <i>CD151</i>, <i>BCAM</i>, <i>KEL</i>, <i>SLC14A1</i>, <i>GYPA</i>, <i>GYPB</i>, <i>GYPE</i>, <i>RHD</i>, and <i>RHCE</i> with amplicon sizes in the range of 2.4-15.8 kilo base pairs (kbp). For evaluation of the sequencing data, 22 samples with 25 known gene variants were selected. The optimized sequencing workflow included DNA extraction from EDTA blood, LR-PCR amplification, library preparation, nanopore sequencing on the MinION Mk1D sequencing device with FLO-MIN114 (MinION) flow cells and data analysis including variant detection and genotyping. In addition, the workflow was tested on the MinION sequencing device with FLO-FLG114 (Flongle) flow cells and the PromethION 2 Solo sequencing device with FLO-PRO114 (PromethION) flow cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the outlined long-read nanopore sequencing protocol, sequencing data for reliable variant calling were obtained. All alleles were identified and the zygosity could be determined based on the read counts, except for <i>GYPB</i> in one sample. Besides sequencing on the MinION Mk1D sequencing device MinION flow cells, successful application of the sequencing protocol to the Flongle flow cells and the PromethION sequencing device using PromethION flow cells was demonstrated. As expected, mean coverage and mean Q scores varied between the flow cells and devices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimized nanopore sequencing protocol enabled the generation of long-read sequence data and identification of blood group gene variants within a working day. This approach is suitable for molecular analyses of different blood group genes in immunohematology case studies under the same LR-PCR and sequencing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23252,"journal":{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12858245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}