Translational cancer research最新文献

{"title":"Construction and validation of a nomogram prediction model for predicting the risk of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression after chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a single-center retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Haoling Xie, Rong Zhang, Chunmei Wei, Jinsong Xu, Jie Chu, Xuexing Wang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1513","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis due to limited targeted treatments. Chemotherapy often causes chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM), complicating treatment and raising costs, yet predictive tools for this risk are scarce. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of CIM in TNBC patients after chemotherapy and created nomograms to predict this risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nomograms were developed from a retrospective study of 316 TNBC patients treated at the Anning First People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology between 1 July 2021 and 31 May 2024. The patients were split into development and validation cohorts in an 8:2 ratio. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) identified risk factors for CIM, which were used to create the nomograms. The models' accuracy, calibration, and clinical utility were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), with validation through bootstrapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study of 316 TNBC patients, 102 experienced CIM, an incidence rate of 32.28%. Patient characteristics were similar across cohorts. The development cohort had a mean age of 52.05 years, with a median hospital stay of 5 days. Myelosuppression of degree I was the most common CIM event. LASSO and logistic regression analyses linked CIM to factors like bone metastasis, platinum regimens, chemotherapy cycles, pre-chemotherapy neutrophil count, and drug combinations. The nomograms showed strong predictive accuracy with AUCs of 0.886 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.836-0.937] and 0.905 (95% CI: 0.834-0.976) in the development and validation cohorts, respectively, and high agreement in calibration curves. DCA confirmed their clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study developed a validated nomogram that accurately predicts the risk of CIM in TNBC patients, helping healthcare providers create personalized treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"2885-2899"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian cancer and malnutrition: a literature review.","authors":"Zhuyan Shao, Liying Fu, Yi Lu, Haifei Zhou, Yuyang Zhu, Tao Zhu","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2025-758","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-2025-758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Among gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer is the most fatal, with surgery and chemotherapy being the primary treatment modalities. The nutritional status of patients with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy after surgery remains generally poor, with 76.1% classified as severely malnourished according to the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), while only 9.0% are well-nourished and do not require nutritional intervention. The high risk of nutritional decline associated with the new treatment modality, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, has not received sufficient attention. This review examined the factors contributing to malnutrition in ovarian cancer, the adverse effects of malnutrition on treatment outcomes, the importance of regular nutritional screening and assessment, and potential nutritional interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of the relevant literature was conducted to analyze the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with ovarian cancer, its impact on treatment and prognosis, and the role of nutritional assessment and interventions in improving patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>Malnutrition is highly prevalent among patients with ovarian cancer and is associated with worsened treatment side effects, reduced quality of life, and decreased survival rates. The use of PARP inhibitors may pose an additional risk for nutritional decline, but this possibility has not been sufficiently studied. Regular nutritional screening and assessment are essential for the early detection and management of malnutrition. Nutritional interventions have been investigated for their potential to support patients with ovarian cancer through treatment, but further research is needed to determine the most effective strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Malnutrition is a major concern for ovarian cancer patients, especially those receiving chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors. Regular nutritional assessment and timely interventions may improve treatment tolerance and overall prognosis. Further prospective studies and large randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish effective nutritional strategies for high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"3239-3254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian teratomas causing anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case series from west China.","authors":"Jiaxin Gu, Xiumei Xu, Qian Chen, Min Feng, Ruiqi Duan","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-2126","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-2126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of ovarian teratomas (OT) causing anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is low, and pathological studies of related cases are limited. This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of such patients and to investigate the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and lymphocytes in teratoma tissues to initially investigate the pathogenesis of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data were collected and analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of NMDAR subunits and T/B lymphocytes in 46 patients, including 8 OT patients with encephalitis and 38 regular OT patients. Immunohistochemical expression of NMDARs and T/B lymphocytes in OT tissues in patients with or without anti-NMDARE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Teratomas causing encephalitis mostly occur in young women. The degree of positive expression of NMDAR, CD4 and CD20 in the encephalitis group differed statistically from the control group (P<0.05). Although there was no linear relationship between the CD4/CD20 expression and the NMDAR expression, clusters of lymphocytes were observed clearly around the squamous epithelium positive for NMDAR expression only in the encephalitis group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OT leading to encephalitis seems to be associated with high expression of NMDARs in the squamous epithelium of the tissue, where clusters of lymphocytes infiltration is also a unique pathological feature. This is the first multi-case group study about OTs causing anti-NMDARE in southwestern China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"2603-2614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic and immune significance of fibronectin type III domain-containing 1 gene in pan-cancer and its relationship with proliferation and migration of stomach adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Minying Deng, Wen Huang, Rongkui Luo, Huimei Wang, Zixiang Yu, Benting Ma, Lei Xu, Xiaolei Zhang, Jieakesu Su, Chen Xu, Yingyong Hou","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2279","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2279","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Fibronectin type III domain containing 1 (FNDC1) exhibits emerging roles in tumorigenesis, yet its pan-cancer implications and mechanistic contributions to stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remain underexplored. This study systematically evaluates FNDC1's prognostic relevance, immune interactions, and functional impact in STAD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Multi-omics analyses integrated FNDC1 expression, mutation profiles, and immune associations across 33 cancers using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Immunohistochemistry assessed FNDC1, mismatch repair (MMR) protein, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and clinicopathological information was collected for statistical analysis. Finally, we conducted in vitro experiments to assess the effects of FNDC1 knockdown on STAD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In various cancers, the main genetic alterations of &lt;i&gt;FNDC1&lt;/i&gt; are mutations and deep deletions, with a mutation frequency of 10% observed primarily in malignant melanoma and endometrial carcinoma. The expression levels of &lt;i&gt;FNDC1&lt;/i&gt; messenger RNA (mRNA) in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and STAD are significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (P&lt;0.05). In STAD, FNDC1 shows significant correlations with cell infiltrations such as endothelial cells, eosinophils, granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells, macrophage M1, macrophage M2, monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells, and activated myeloid dendritic cells. In STAD, FNDC1 exhibits significant positive correlations with immune checkpoints HAVCR2 and PDCD1LG2. Proteins with similar expression patterns to FNDC1 and ranking in the top 100 include GNAS, GNB1, MXRA5, COL3A1, COL10A1, ASPN, SFRP2, SFRP4, FXYD2, and GNG2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis shows that in STAD, &lt;i&gt;FNDC1&lt;/i&gt;-related genes are involved in pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling, cAMP signaling, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and pancreatic secretion. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis in STAD shows that FNDC1-related genes are involved in pathways related to the muscle system process, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, and receptor ligand activity. Clinical sample analysis demonstrates that FNDC1 protein is upregulated in STAD compared to adjacent normal tissues (P&lt;0.05). Age, tumor size, tumor differentiation, Lauren classification, lymphovascular invasion, neural invasion, tumor deposit, postoperative recurrence, T stage, N stage, M stage, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, HER2 expression, and MMR protein expression are relevant risk factors for poor prognosis in STAD patients, with age, tumor size, Lauren classification, lymphovascular invasion, neural invasion","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"3069-3095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When is belzutifan the right option for von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated hemangioblastomas?-a critical review of LITESPARK-004 results.","authors":"Ugur Sener, Taylor Galloway","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2478","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"2558-2562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a prognostic nomogram and risk factor analysis for survival in <i>H. pylori</i>-positive non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma patients.","authors":"Jing Wu, Xiancai Du, Wenwen Chen, Ting Ma, Lu Tian, Hong Zhang, Guanhua Wang, Wenjun Yang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1776","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, there is limited research on the prognosis and influencing factors of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGAC) patients. This study aims to explore the factors influencing overall survival (OS) in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>)-positive NCGAC patients and to develop a nomogram model to provide guidance for clinicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological data from 413 <i>H. pylori</i>-positive NCGAC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. The dataset was randomly split into a training cohort (70%) and a validation cohort (30%). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors, and factors with multicollinearity [variance inflation factor (VIF) >4] were excluded using the VIF. Factors of interest and those with P<0.05 were included in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. A nomogram prediction model was constructed based on factors with P<0.05. The model's performance was finally assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curves. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves visualize the impact of independent prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed on the training cohort to select variables with P<0.5, including alcohol consumption, tumor size, differentiation grade, lymph node metastasis, tumor (T) stage, node (N) stage, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. Multicollinearity was assessed, and covariates with VIF >4, such as lymph node metastasis, were excluded. The remaining factors were included in the multivariate Cox regression model. Significant variables (P<0.05), including alcohol consumption, differentiation grade, and T stage, were used to construct a nomogram, which showed a concordance index (C-index) of 0.727 in the training cohort and 0.728 in the validation cohort. The model's performance was validated with AUC and calibration curves (training cohort: 1-year AUC: 0.74, 3-year AUC: 0.78, 4-year AUC: 0.80; validation cohort: 1-year AUC: 0.67, 3-year AUC: 0.71, 4-year AUC: 0.72). Kaplan-Meier survival curves illustrated the impact of independent prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed a nomogram to predict survival in <i>H. pylori</i>-positive NCGAC patients, based on alcohol consumption, tumor differentiation, and T stage. The model showed strong predictive performance, with C-index values of 0.727 in the training cohort and 0.728 in the validation cohort. AUC values and calibration curves further confirmed its accuracy, suggesting the nomogram is a reliable tool for predicting prognosis and guiding treatment decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"2822-2834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles isolated from SphK1 inhibitor SKI II-medium restrain the migration of colorectal cancer.","authors":"Chunyan Xu, Yingbin Hu, Guodong Dai, Yan Chen, Chengxia Liu","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-2152","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-2152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer is a chronic disease particularly detrimental to human health. Although there have been many studies on colorectal cancer and extracellular vesicles (EVs), it is unknown whether SKI II, an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), uses EVs as transporters to inhibit colorectal cancer migration. This research aimed to investigate whether EVs, which were isolated from SphK1 inhibitor SKI II-medium, affected on E-cadherin and vimentin and the cell migration of colorectal cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EVs were extracted from RKO cells using an exosome extraction and purification kit, and the extracted EVs were identified to evaluate whether the EVs extracted by this kit met the experimental requirements. ^RKOEVs were extracted from RKO exosom-free serum culture medium, and ^RKO-SKEVs were extracted from RKO exosom-free serum culture medium with SKI II intervention. PKH67-labeled EVs were added to the cells. EVs inhibitor GW4869, ^RKOEVs, and ^RKO-SKEVs were used to intervene in RKO cells, and ^RKOEVs and ^RKO-SKEVs were used to intervene in HT29 cells. The E-cadherin and vimentin expression were tested by western blotting. Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group, after GW4869 treatment, E-cadherin was increased, vimentin was decreased, and the number of migrating cells was decreased. After ^RKOEVs intervention, the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and cell migration number were opposite. Compared with ^RKOEVs intervention in RKO cells, E-cadherin was increased, vimentin was decreased and the number of migrating cells decreased after ^RKO-SKEVs intervention. Similarly, compared with ^RKOEVs intervention in HT29 cells, after ^RKO-SKEVs intervention, E-cadherin was increased, vimentin was decreased, and the number of migrating cells decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EVs isolated from SphK1 inhibitor SKI II-medium affect E-cadherin and vimentin expression in colorectal cancer and inhibit cell migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"2594-2602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a prognostic model for overall survival in neuroblastoma based on Schwann cell-specific genes, clinical predictors, and MYCN amplification.","authors":"Zexi Li, Jing Liu, Yurui Wu","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-2048","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-2048","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a common pediatric malignancy with diverse prognoses influenced by multiple factors. Accurate overall survival (OS) predictions are essential for guiding treatment. However, the contribution of specific cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which significantly influence disease progression, is often overlooked. This study aimed to develop an NBL prognostic model that incorporates TME, genetic, and clinical factors to improve prediction accuracy and clinical relevance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were collected from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database (n=106, test set) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (n=238, train set). Including clinical details such as MYCN amplification, International NBL Staging System (INSS) stage, age at diagnosis, and OS outcomes. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 16 NBL patients (160,910 cells) were included to improve model precision. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) was utilized for cell clustering, while weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) helped identify cell-type-specific modules. Prognostic genes were pinpointed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, which also served to refine the model by integrating essential clinical variables and molecular markers. The model's effectiveness was assessed through Kaplan-Meier survival curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots. Additional evaluations included immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;MYCN amplification was present in 79.4% of patients in the train set and 79.2% of patients in the test set, and the majority of patients in both cohorts were classified as Stage 4. The median age at diagnosis was 399.5 days in the train set and 1,069 days in the test set. Key findings demonstrate that Schwann cell-specific genes (&lt;i&gt;CALR&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;KLF10&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;UBL3&lt;/i&gt;) considerably affect survival outcomes in NBL patients. The initial model showed robust predictive accuracy in the train set with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.832 and acceptable performance in the test set with AUC of 0.777. A refined model, incorporating three genes, two clinical indicators (age and INSS stage), and MYCN amplification, exhibited enhanced accuracy with AUC of 0.857. Differences in immune cell expression between high-risk and low-risk groups were noted, alongside significant disparities in drug sensitivity, indicating lower half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for targeted therapies in the high-risk group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study developed a model for predicting OS in NBL by integrating Schwann cell-specific genes, clinical factors, and the TME. The model highlights the importance of specific cellular contributions to prognosis and provides a more person","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"2677-2689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic role of tumor microenvironment and immune- and autophagy-related genes in colorectal adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Miao Zhang, Wen Jin, Lei Cao, Yanwei Gao, Yongsheng Wang, Jialin Wang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1708","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal adenocarcinoma (COADREAD) is the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths. Immunity and autophagy play a key role in the development and progression of COADREAD, but the specific mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to explore immune- and autophagy-related genes (IARGs) to establish prognostic risk assessment and clinical prediction models and to understand the molecular basis of COADREAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptomic and clinical data from colon (COAD) and rectal cancers (READ) were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases, including 460 COADREAD cases and validation cohorts (GSE161158/GSE17536). Immune-related (IRGs) and autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were integrated to identify 22 immune-autophagy-related genes (IARGs). Molecular subtypes were constructed via consensus clustering of IARGs, followed by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to explore pathway activity. Differentially expressed immune-autophagy-related genes (IARDEGs) were identified using limma and subjected to functional enrichment [Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)]. A prognostic risk model was developed via LASSO and Cox regression, validated in external cohorts. Immune infiltration was assessed using ssGSEA, and a nomogram integrating clinicopathological features was established. Statistical analyses were performed in R (v4.2.2), with significance at P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IARG data could be used to distinguish between cancerous and normal specimens of COADREAD. <i>VEGFA, BIRC5</i>, and <i>BID</i> genes were highly expressed in COADREAD, while the expression of <i>TNFSF10</i> was low. Most of the IARGs were positively correlated with COADREAD. The GSVA results of four classes of C4 verified that the clustering effect was best. More IARGs, such as <i>CXCR4, CCL2</i>, and <i>CTSB</i>, were in the C4 class than the C1 class. In the risk model, the T cell and B cell receptor pathways were substantially upregulated in patients in the low-risk group. The risk score greatly differed with the different expression levels of key immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration, and the levels of immune cells were higher in the low-risk group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, bioinformatic analysis proved that immune-a1-related genes could be used to distinguish between normal and COADREAD specimens and that immunity and autophagy are associated with low-risk COADREAD; therefore, these genes have the potential to improve clinical predictions of COADREAD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"2835-2857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio in first-line chemoimmunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Bohua Wei, Hao Cui, Kun Qian, Kejian Shi, Peilong Zhang, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2577","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with platinum-based dual chemotherapy has been widely used as first-line treatment modality for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the potential value of lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio (LAR) in predicting treatment efficacy in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 110 patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy between January 2021 and March 2024 at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, were enrolled. In different subgroups, according to a 50% ratio, patients were divided into high baseline LAR and low baseline LAR groups and their progression-free survival (PFS) was compared. Then univariate and multivariate cox hazard analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of PFS. Finally, a nomogram was constructed to intuitively show the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PFS of patients with high baseline LAR was significantly shorter than that of patients with low baseline LAR, regardless of whether in the overall patient population, different staging subgroups, or different pathological type subgroups (P<0.01). Based on multivariate cox analysis, age, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) and baseline LAR were identified as independent indicators affecting PFS. Then a nomogram based on these three predictors was constructed accordingly and its C-index was 0.801 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.747-0.855].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study demonstrates that LAR is a useful prognostic predictor in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 5","pages":"2956-2965"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}