Translational cancer research最新文献

{"title":"Identification and validation of a novel innate lymphoid cell-based signature to predict prognosis and immune response in liver cancer by integrated single-cell RNA analysis and bulk RNA sequencing.","authors":"Meng Pan, Xiaolong Yuan, Junlu Peng, Ruiqi Wu, Xiaopeng Chen","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) exert tumor suppressive and tumor promoting effects. However, the prognostic significance of ILC-associated genes remains unclear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, the aim of this research was to develop an innovative predictive risk classification system using bioinformatics examination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases to gather data pertaining to HCC and its clinical details. Significantly different ILC-associated genes were investigated by Seurat analysis. The number of signaling interactions of ILCs with other cells was discovered by CellPhoneDB analysis. ClusterProfiler and Metascape were utilized to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses on ILC genes. In order to identify potential ILC predictors, we utilized univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses, subsequently validating these predictors in TCGA and GEO groups. The multi-omics ILC signature model's clinical predictive capabilities, along with drug sensitivity and immune factor relations, were assessed using Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and pRRophetic. We investigated the possible molecular pathways in our predictive ILC signature through the utilization of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Five key genes were screened out by constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network using Cytoscape and their values in clinical indexes were demonstrated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HCC cases confirmed the expression of these genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ILC cell subsets were identified, and cell-cell communication analysis revealed that the signaling pathways involving ILC cell subsets were mostly abundant in the HCC microenvironment. Subsequently, 270 marker genes of the ILC clusters were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Furthermore, a total of 58 prognostically relevant genes were screened as features for prognostic prediction models. Next, the models were validated and clinically evaluated (P values of Kaplan-Meier survival curves below 0.05). Five key genes (<i>C2, STK4, CALM1, IL7R</i>, and <i>RORA</i>) were further screened by multi omics analysis of immune cell and factor and drug sensitivity and correlation analysis of tumor regulatory genes in liver cancer. Furthermore, the potential clinical value of the 5 key genes was confirmed in HCC patients. Finally, the IHC results confirmed the expression of <i>C2</i>, <i>STK4</i>, <i>CALM1</i>, <i>IL7R</i>, and <i>RORA</i> in HCC. Our experimental results provided preliminary evidence supporting the oncogenic roles of <i>STK4</i> and <i>CALM1</i>, as well as the tumor-suppressive roles of <i>C2</i>, <i>RORA</i>, and <i>IL7R</i> in HCC.</p><p><strong>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5395-5416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pan-cancer landscape of crosstalk between leukocyte transendothelial migration-related genes and tumor microenvironment relevant to prognosis and immunotherapy response.","authors":"Hao Li, Xiaochen Niu, Rui Cheng","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leukocyte transendothelial migration-related genes (LTEMGs) play a crucial role in the immune response and have been extensively studied in various pathological conditions, including inflammation, infection, and cancer. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to understanding the biological mechanisms of LTEMGs in the context of tumor progression and metastasis. The potential function of LTEMGs in cancer progression remains unclear. The aim of this study is to systematically delineate the relationship between LTEMGs and tumor prognosis and immune microenvironment at the pan-cancer level, providing new biomarkers for personalized immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The gene alteration, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, and prognostic value of LTEMGs in pan-cancer were evaluated using Bulk and single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequence data. The LTEMGs score was calculated by R package \"GSVA\". The association of LTEMGs score with tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy response were deeply explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We assessed the mRNA expression of 114 LTEMGs across various cancers, finding significant upregulation in acute myeloid leukemia (LAML) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Prognostic analysis indicated most LTEMGs were risk factors in low-grade glioma (LGG), PAAD, uveal melanoma (UVM), and LAML. The LTEMGs score, highest in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and lowest in UVM, was higher in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues in several cancers. The score was a risk factor for overall survival (OS) in LGG, UVM, and others, but protective in KIRC and some others. LTEMGs score correlated positively with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling, apoptosis, and immune responses. It also correlated with immune and stromal scores, and immune-related pathways. Higher LTEMGs score was linked to greater immune cell infiltration and poorer immunotherapy outcomes. Single-cell analysis revealed higher LTEMGs score in endothelial and monocyte cells, consistent with reduced immunotherapy responsiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results reveal that LTEMGs are closely associated with tumor microenvironment. Patients with high LTEMGs score might be resistant to immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5247-5264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential role of Ral-interacting protein 76 and vascular endothelial growth factor on angiogenesis in the tumor and ovarian corpus luteum microenvironment.","authors":"Seunghyung Lee","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumors and the ovarian corpus luteum have complex mechanisms in the growth microenvironment. Angiogenesis is especially important for demonstrating the molecular mechanism of dynamic cellular function in tumors and corpus luteum. Angiogenesis in tumors and corpus luteum seems to have a similar function, and Ral-interacting protein 76 (RLIP76) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are expressed in the tissues of tumors and ovarian corpus luteum. RLIP76 is a potential factor with VEGF in the tumor and corpus luteum angiogenesis. RLIP76 regulates a small GTPase (R-Ras) in cell survival, spreading, and migration. VEGF activates angiogenic functions in tumor and endothelial cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is important in tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis, and corpus luteum. VEGF and HIF-1 regulate the angiogenic function of RLIP76, and RLIP76 controls vascular growth in endothelial and tumor cells. RLIP76, R-Ras, VEGF, and HIF-1 may be useful in the research of corpus luteum and cancer therapy and the study of mechanisms of tumor and corpus luteum angiogenesis. This review will help to elucidate the roles of RLIP76 and VEGF in tumor and corpus luteum angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and the specific regulation of RLIP76 and VEGF. Thus, we reviewed the potential role of RLIP76 and VEGF in the angiogenesis of the tumor and corpus luteum in the tumor and ovarian microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5702-5710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk signature of NETosis-related subtype predicts prognosis and evaluates immunotherapy effectiveness in gastric cancer.","authors":"Ruyue Chen, Zengwu Yao, Lixin Jiang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) has a high incidence and mortality rate with a poor prognosis, so it is crucial to search for new biomarkers. The role of NETosis, a newly identified type of programmed cell death, in GC and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be explored and still require thorough investigation. Our research seeks to enhance our comprehension of NETosis and may offer novel approaches for treating GC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas-stomach adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) dataset for training and the GSE84433 dataset for validation, our study delved into the associations between NETosis-related genes and the clinical risk of GC. Through comprehensive clustering, enrichment, and immune infiltration analyses, we evaluated the prognostic relevance of these NETosis genes <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, we devised a NETosis-related risk signature (NRRS) to assess its implications in risk stratification, survival prognosis, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity. The NRRS's accuracy was validated by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By applying consensus clustering to data from 62 NETosis-related genes, we categorized patients into two distinct subgroups, C1 and C2. These subgroups demonstrated significant differences. Following this, we developed the NRRS using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. This process involved the selection of the following genes: <i>CXCR4, NRP1, PDCD1, CTLA4, AKR1B1, SERPINE1, RGS2, SLCO2A1, TNFAIP2, RNASE1, DOC2B, APOD, ENTPD2</i>, and <i>CCL24</i>. High-risk and low-risk groups can be accurately distinguished. We further verify in the verification set. These results suggest that NETosis is related to the microenvironment of GC. Our designed NRRS can predict the survival of patients with GC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We emphasized the relationship between NETosis and GC. We built and validated the value of NRRS. This contributes to deepening our view of NETosis and potentially provides new strategies for GC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5165-5177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC)-rearranged sarcoma harboring <i>CIC-LEUTX</i> fusion with renal involvement: a rare case report.","authors":"Jing Zhu, Chao Chen, Yan Li","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC)-rearranged sarcoma (CRS) is a rare and highly aggressive undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma (USRCS), which genetically displays a characteristic gene fusion between <i>CIC</i> gene with other genes such as <i>DUX4</i>.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>We report a rare case with <i>CIC-LEUTX</i> fusion. The 45-year-old male patient presented to our department with frequent dry cough and lumbar pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan indicated multiple pulmonary nodules on both sides, hilar lymph node enlargement, left lower lobe infection and presence of pleural effusion in left quadrant. Enlargement and uneven density were seen in the left kidney, together with perinephric exudate, renal calculi, thickening and filling deficiency in renal veins, and small retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed negativity in CK7, CK20, CD10, vimentin, PAX-8, P63, MelanA and synapatophysin, but GATA3 and CK were positive. RNA-based next generation sequencing (NGS) detection revealed CRS of gene fusion in <i>CIC</i> (exon 20) and <i>LEUTX</i> (exon 3). After treatment with a variety of targeted and chemotherapy drugs, the patient showed a poor response with a survival time of merely 7 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case of USRCS harboring <i>CIC-LEUTX</i> fusion with renal involvement could help to expand our understanding on the diagnosis and treatment of CRS harboring <i>CIC-LEUTX</i> fusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5711-5718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical prognostic value of TREM1 in patients with liver cancer lung metastasis.","authors":"Yi Luo, Jie Cai, Yanze Yin, Qiang Xia","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally have an unfavorable outlook, with lung metastasis being a prevalent factor contributing to mortality. The metastatic microenvironment is critical to the tumor metastatic process. The exact impact of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 (TREM1) on tumor metastasis and the microenvironment of metastasis is still not known. By analyzing online databases and a clinical cohort, we evaluated the predictive significance of TREM1 and its correlation with the tumor microenvironment (TME).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE141016), genes differentially expressed in liver cancer and lung metastases were analyzed. Data from liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were acquired through RNA sequencing. The abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was estimated using Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE). The single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was utilized to determine the association between TREM1 and immune cells. The level of TREM1 and immune cells were determined in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedding (FFPE) specimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased expression of TREM1 in HCC was linked to a poorer clinical prognosis and elevated incidence of lung metastasis. Furthermore, TREM1 was found to be associated with multiple immune cells in the TME. We noticed that lung metastases in the same patient had higher levels of TREM1 protein compared to primary liver cancer. Additionally, lung metastases exhibited increased neutrophil numbers and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation compared to primary liver cancer. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between TREM1 and both neutrophils and NETs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased expression of TREM1 in HCC is linked to a poorer clinical outlook and elevated incidence of lung metastasis, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker for patients with liver cancer lung metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5446-5457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>S100A1</i> overexpression stimulates cell proliferation and is predictive of poor outcome in ovarian cancer.","authors":"Wen Jin, Hui Hui, Jie Jiang, Bin Li, Zhuo Deng, Xiaoqian Tuo","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Members of the S100 gene family are frequently dysregulated in various cancers, including ovarian cancer (OC). Despite this, the prognostic implications of individual S100 genes in OC remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of <i>S100A1</i> expression in OC and assess its potential as a therapeutic target.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the role of <i>S100A1</i> in OC, we utilized the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and the University of ALabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal (UALCAN) database. Protein levels of S100A1 in OC tissues were assessed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to correlate <i>S100A1</i> expression with clinical outcomes. Functional assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of <i>S100A1</i> knockout on OC cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, we investigated the effect of <i>S100A1</i> on ferroptosis and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analyses revealed that S100A1 protein levels were significantly elevated in OC tissues compared to normal tissues. Elevated <i>S100A1</i> expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes in OC patients. Functional assays demonstrated that the knockout of <i>S100A1</i> led to a decrease in both proliferation and migration of OC cells <i>in vitro</i>. Furthermore, <i>S100A1</i> was found to inhibit ferroptosis in OC cells, resulting in lower levels of lipid ROS within tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High levels of <i>S100A1</i> are indicative of adverse clinical outcomes in OC. Our findings suggest that <i>S100A1</i> could serve as a valuable prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for OC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5265-5277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics analysis reveals <i>SOD1</i> is a prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Ling Gao, Wei Wang, Haishan Ma, Minghui Yin, Xuejiao Yang, Ruihui Han, Shuta Ohara, Dohun Kim, Guangyan Wang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-1400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often lacks clear clinical symptoms and molecular markers for early diagnosis, which can hinder the initiation of timely treatments. In this study, we conducted an extensive bioinformatics analysis of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a molecule linked to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to enhance early detection and treatment approaches for this condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bioinformatics analysis was conducted using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Several analytical methods, such as a differential expression analysis, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, a clinicopathological analysis, an enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and an immunoreactivity analysis of <i>SOD1</i> expression in LUAD using TIMER were employed. We further validated the expression of <i>SOD1</i> in LUAD through <i>in vitro</i> experiments using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that LUAD tissues exhibited significantly higher expression levels of <i>SOD1</i> than healthy tissues. The univariate Cox analysis showed that the elevated level was linked to unfavorable overall survival (OS) rates. Further, the Cox regression analysis of multiple variables suggested that elevated <i>SOD1</i> expression levels acted as an autonomous prognosticator for unfavorable OS. We also conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and observed differential pathway enrichment among patients with high <i>SOD1</i> expression. In addition, a correlation between <i>SOD1</i> and immune cell infiltration was found. The <i>in vitro</i> experiments confirmed that <i>SOD1</i> expression was upregulated in LUAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>SOD1</i> could serve as a reliable prognostic indicator in individuals diagnosed with LUAD. Our findings may prove valuable in the development of therapeutic and prognostic markers for LUAD. The potential clinical utility of <i>SOD1</i> in LUAD requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5522-5534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain metastases in newly diagnosed lung cancer: epidemiology and conditional survival.","authors":"Chong Yuan, Huandong Zheng","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The brain serves as the primary site for metastasis in patients with both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The presence of lung cancer with brain metastasis (LCBM) is a debilitating condition associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and survival rates of LCBM in the United States population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed a total of 9,212 patients diagnosed with LCBM between 2010 and 2015, extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Our analysis assessed the incidence, relative survival, and conditional survival (CS) of LCBM. We utilized the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate overall survival and determine CS at year y+x after x years of survival, following the formula CS(y|x) = CS(y+x)/CS(x). Prognostic factor selection was performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression approach, and multivariate Cox regression was employed to demonstrate the impact of these predictors on outcomes and construct a CS-based nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of LCBM was 5.82 cases per 100,000, with a slight decline observed during our study period. Patient relative survival showed a continuous decline with increasing age. CS analysis revealed that the 5-year CS rate for patients initially diagnosed with LCBM adjusted from 3% to 13%, 28%, 52%, and 73% over successive years of survival (1-4 years). Identified predictors included age at diagnosis, sex, race, tumor size, tumor grade, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. These predictors, along with the CS formula, were employed to develop a CS-based nomogram for real-time prognosis prediction. Calibration curve, area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, concordance index (c-index), and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the model's strong predictive capabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study deepened our understanding of LCBM patients, summarizing their epidemiological characteristics and CS patterns. We successfully developed a novel CS-based nomogram model for dynamic survival estimation, offering real-time and personalized prognostic information that is clinically valuable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5417-5428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the correlation between obesity and the occurrence and development of kidney cancer: a narrative review.","authors":"Le Kang, Xu Chen, Peng Qi, Zhongwei Ma, Dali Han, Xingxing Zhang, Panfeng Shang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Obesity is an important risk factor for the onset of kidney cancer, and the mechanism of obesity leading to the occurrence and development of kidney cancer has been further studied and confirmed in the past decade. The emergence of the \"obesity paradox\" phenomenon has made the correlation between obesity and the prognosis of kidney cancer survival controversial. This review summarizes the association between obesity and the occurrence and development of kidney cancer based on newly discovered evidence in the past 10 years, in order to provide reference for follow-up research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive, non-systematic review of the latest literature was carried out in order to investigate the progress of the correlation between obesity and kidney cancer. PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were being examined and the last run was on July 15, 2024.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>The correlation between obesity and the occurrence and development of kidney cancer was discussed in this review, and the newly discovered evidence of epidemiology and related mechanisms in the past 10 years was summarized. The latest evidence suggests that obesity is an important risk factor for the development of kidney cancer. Perirenal fat plays an important role in promoting kidney cancer progression and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Epidemiology shows that the high rates of kidney cancer and obesity coincide in terms of region and ethnicity. The underlying mechanisms associated with obesity in promoting the occurrence and development of kidney cancer mainly include: abnormal expression of adipocytokines, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormalities in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis and hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, hypoxia and inflammation. As adipose tissue is adjacent to the kidney, the effect of perirenal adipose tissue on the prognosis of kidney cancer is controversial, and some evidence supports the idea of the \"obesity paradox\".</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"13 10","pages":"5678-5690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11543094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}