Translational cancer research最新文献

{"title":"High-frequency KRAS mutations in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: prognostic significance and potential co-targeting therapies.","authors":"Jinlong Yu, Dazhi Yan, Xiaorui Liu, Xiaoshi Zhang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1832","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is among the most frequently mutated oncogenes across multiple cancers. Developing prognostic indicators based on KRAS mutations and advancing targeted KRAS inhibitors remain critical challenges in oncology. Notably, different KRAS mutations are associated with distinct biological behaviors, each carrying unique prognostic and therapeutic implications. The study aims to investigate and explore the characteristics of KRAS mutations and their impact on cancer patient prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis using publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program data to investigate the prognostic significance of KRAS mutations in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), colorectal cancer (CRC), and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to assess the impact of KRAS mutations on patient outcomes. Additionally, KRAS mutations were detected using Sanger sequencing in genomic DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of patients enrolled from 2022 to 2024. Mutation rates and their associations with genetic background factors were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pan-cancer analysis revealed high KRAS mutation frequencies in PAAD (77.4%), COADREAD (41.1%), and LUAD (27.2%), with the most prevalent mutations being G12C, G12D, and G12V. Sanger sequencing further confirmed the high mutation frequencies of KRAS^{G12C, G12D, G12V} in PAAD (54/129), CRC (28/40), and LUAD (24/35). Patients harboring KRAS^{G12C, G12D, G12V} mutations in PAAD exhibited significantly reduced overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS), while no significant survival differences were observed in CRC and LUAD. Multivariate Cox regression identified KRAS^{G12C, G12D, G12V} as independent prognostic risk factors in PAAD. Moreover, we predict that gefitinib, afatinib, erlotinib, and selumetinib could serve as potential co-targeting therapies for KRAS mutations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>KRAS mutations serve as independent prognostic risk factors in PAAD, and targeting these mutations may offer a promising therapeutic approach to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2331-2342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>CDKN2A</i> as a prognostic and diagnostic marker is a possible key contributor in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Jun Ding, Ya-Ting Deng, Yi Deng, Ke-Ying Chen, Peng Guo, Fei Han","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1845","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the deadliest cancers with a rising incidence worldwide. Although the treatment of HCC has made some breakthroughs, the incidence and mortality of HCC are still increasing. The major cause for this is the lack of early diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic targets. This study aimed at identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic candidates, and determining the expression characteristic, clinical relevance, prognostic significance, diagnostic value and expression regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (<i>CDKN2A</i>) in HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole transcriptome sequencing data of normal and HCC tissues were used to screen and identify the diagnostic and therapeutic candidates. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena, Kaplan-Meier, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tissue microarray, ESTIMATE, LinkedOmics, STRING and GeneMANIA were used to analyze the associations of <i>CDKN2A</i> expression with clinicopathological indices and tumor immune microenvironment, and determine the prognostic significance, diagnostic value, and possible expression regulation of <i>CDKN2A</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>CDKN2A</i> expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues, and closely correlated with patients' tumor size and clinical stage. High expression of <i>CDKN2A</i> was closely associated with poor prognosis and tumor microenvironment of HCC patients. <i>CDKN2A</i> expression has a clear diagnostic value for HCC. The up-regulation of <i>CDKN2A</i> in HCC may be related to the methylation of its promoter region. The enrichment analyses of <i>CDKN2A</i> co-expressed genes and interacting proteins revealed that <i>CDKN2A</i> likely promoted HCC progression through involvement of cell cycle regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>CDKN2A</i> may serve as a new and promising prognostic and diagnostic marker, and an important therapeutic target in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2303-2318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will phenotype help guide immunotherapy in prostate cancer?","authors":"Steven Tisseverasinghe, Tamim Niazi","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2477","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2170-2174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) to universal immune cells: literature review of advances in a new generation of tumor therapies.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Zixuan Jia, Huixin Pan, Wen Ma, Youhan Liu, Xuewen Tian, Yang Han, Qinglu Wang, Caixia Zhou, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1087","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Tumor therapy is still a tough clinical challenge, and cancer immunotherapy has drawn increasing attention. T cells and natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in the immune response. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology opens up a new way to produce functionally improved universal iPSC-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T (CAR-iT) and iPSC-derived CAR-NK (CAR-iNK) cells. This study aims to comprehensively review the generation and clinical applications of iPSC-derived universal CAR-iT and CAR-iNK cells to explore their potential and future directions in cancer immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for relevant literature from 1975 to 2024 on the transformation of iPSCs into universal immune cells.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>iPSC technology enables the generation of enhanced CAR-iNK cells. Genetic modifications can boost the antitumor activity of iPSC-derived immune cells. CAR-iT cells have cytotoxicity issues. In contrast, CAR-iNK cells have advantages as they can be sourced from different origins and enhanced via genetic engineering.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review outlines iPSC technology's application in oncology, iNK cells' properties, and the pros and cons of CAR cells in cancer treatment. It also focuses on the current clinical status and modification strategies of CAR-iT and CAR-iNK therapies, facilitating the development of future effective off-the-shelf blood cell therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2495-2507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of colorectal adenoma and benign colorectal polyp associated with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ju Hee Kim, Hyun Wook Han, Joo Hye Song, Seong-Jang Kim, Young Kook Kim, Hye Jun Kim, Taeho Greg Rhee, Sung Ryul Shim","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-795","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the association between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection and the risk of colorectal adenomas (CRAs) is suggested, specific analysis of the histological subtype of CRA is limited. The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the risk of histological classifications of CRA as benign colorectal polyp (BCP), CRA, and advanced CRA to investigate the effects of <i>H. pylori</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases through January 2024. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to identify potential moderators (e.g., histological subtype and ethnic groups).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 503,365 participants across 40 studies, <i>H. pylori</i> was consistently associated with increased probabilities of BCP, CRA, and advanced CRA. In BCP, <i>H. pylori</i> positive was found to be associated with an increase [odds ratio (OR), 1.430; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.292-1.583]. In CRA and advanced CRA, <i>H. pylori</i> positive was found to be associated with an increase (OR, 1.711; 95% CI: 1.408-2.080). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, Western group had lower OR compared to Asian, with a statistically significant difference observed (Western OR, 1.369; 95% CI: 1.222-1.535 <i>vs.</i> Asian OR, 1.990; 95% CI: 1.416-2.796, P=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis findings revealed a significant association between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and BCP, CRA, and advanced CRA. In particular, meta-regression analysis confirmed that ethnicity acts as a risk factor in both BCP and CRA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2354-2366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating additional malignancy rates and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma patients: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Nanxi Dong, Baodong Ye, Shuyan Liu","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1721","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1721","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Effective treatments have improved survival in multiple myeloma (MM), but the extension of survival has increased the risk of additional malignancies. Existing staging systems, such as the Durie-Salmon (D-S) staging system and the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), lack comprehensive data on malignancy-related complications. With the aim of improving outcomes, in this study, we investigated additional malignancy rates, latency periods, and prognostic factors in MM patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data from MM patients with additional malignancies [1992-2020] were extracted from SEER. Patients meeting International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) criteria were included, excluding those with MM as the sole primary malignancy (PM). Variables analyzed included age, sex, race, latency period, tumor number, sequence, and malignancies sites. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and Cox regressions were used to assess risks and survival factors. Two nomograms were developed for prognosis prediction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 60,550 MM patients, 3,676 (6.07%) developed second primary malignancies (SPMs), and 1,663 (2.75%) had primary malignancies (PMs). Prostate cancer was the most solid tumor, whereas non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was the leading hematologic malignancy. Among MM patients with SPMs, the median follow-up duration was 60 months, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 28.63%. The following key risk factors were identified: older age at MM diagnosis [≥80 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;60 years, hazard ratio (HR) =2.101, P&lt;0.001], higher sequence number (second of two or more primaries &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. first, HR =2.006, P&lt;0.001; third or more &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. first, HR =5.483, P&lt;0.001), and specific cancer sites (e.g., thyroid &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. prostate). Tumor number (4-9 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 2 malignant tumors, HR =0.650, P=0.01), specific cancer sites (e.g., NHL &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. prostate), and latency period (2-3 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0-1 year, HR =0.610, P&lt;0.001; ≥4 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0-1 year, HR =0.306, P&lt;0.001) were identified as protective factors influencing the survival. A nomogram for SPMs showed high predictive accuracy [area under the curve (AUC): 0.944 for 3-year survival]. For PMs, median follow-up was 26 months, with a 31.11% survival rate. Risk factors included advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence number. A PM nomogram demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC: 0.622 for 3-year survival). For PMs, median follow-up was 26 months, with a 31.11% survival rate. Risk factors included advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence number. A PM nomogram demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC: 0.622 for 3-year survival).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study highlights key risk factors for additional malignancies in MM patients, including advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence numbers. The developed nomograms aid in predicting survival outcomes, enabl","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2192-2206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of survival prediction nomograms for patients with early-stage rectal cancer: a population-based study.","authors":"Sirui Zhu, Yuncan Xing, Jiawei Tu, Wei Pei, Jianjun Bi, Zhaoxu Zheng, Qiang Feng","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1888","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been rising in recent years, with a concurrent increase in early-stage rectal cancer (ESRC) cases. This study aimed to investigate risk factors and developed nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in ESRC patients in order to improve clinical outcomes across diverse patient subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Risk factors were investigated in ESRC patients by analyzing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We developed and validated nomograms to predict OS and CSS after dividing patients into two risk groups. Then we assessed the potential benefits of various therapies across subgroups after propensity score-matching (PSM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T stage, tumor grade, age, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, tumor size, and surgical options emerged as independent risk factors through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, contributing to the OS nomogram; while for CSS, the identified risk factors were tumor grade, age, elevated CEA levels and surgical options. The Concordance-index of the nomogram surpassed that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7^th staging system, with values of 0.69 (C-index, 0.64-0.74) in the training set and 0.65 (C-index, 0.62-0.68) in the testing set. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.70, 0.70, and 0.67 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in the development cohort, with comparable results in the validation cohort. Calibration plots demonstrated strong alignment between predicted and observed outcomes. Decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the nomogram's superior clinical utility relative to the AJCC 7^th staging system, with similar findings for CSS. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrated significant differences in OS and CSS between low- and high-risk groups. Notably, radiation and chemotherapy conferred no benefit, while low-risk patients, especially younger individuals, may benefit from local resection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents a comprehensive prognostic analysis of patients with ESRC and developed predictive nomograms for OS and CSS. Subgroup analyses highlight the potential benefits of local resection in younger patients with low risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2367-2380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated machine learning constructed a circadian-rhythm-related model to assess clinical outcomes and therapeutic advantages in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Ziyuan Xu, Wei Huang, Xi Zou, Shenlin Liu","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-1155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circadian rhythm (CR) coordinates a variety of internal biological processes with the external daily cycles of light and dark. However, the implications of CR-related regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are quite obscure. Here, we aimed to identify pivotal CR-related markers in HCC for predicting survival and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prognostic value of CR regulators in HCC was analyzed. Multi-step machine learning feature selection approaches were employed to establish a model. Thereafter, we evaluated its capacity of clinical prediction and treatment guidance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, we depicted the prognostic stratification value of CR regulators in HCC. Two CR-related phenotypes were identified, revealing a distinct clinical outcome, biological pathways and drug sensitivity. Subsequently, via four topological approaches and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from real-world cohorts, we screened out CRY2 as the pivotal CR regulator with significant prognostic value in HCC. We performed the relevant basic assay validation for CRY2. Overexpression of CRY2 inhibited the proliferation and migration abilities of Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Moreover, three machine learning algorithms [random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)] were implemented to construct a risk-scoring model named CR predictor, which exhibited clinical benefits and therapeutic advantages for HCC. An online nomogram based on CR predictor was developed for predicting individualized survival (https://lihc.shinyapps.io/CR_predictor/). Finally, Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed. Among model genes in CR predictor, PPARGC1A revealed a significant causal effect on HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We proposed a CR-related risk classifier in HCC, to predict patients' overall survival (OS) and therapeutic response. Targeting CR could be a promising treatment modality against HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 3","pages":"1799-1823"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced prognostic prediction of cancer-specific mortality in elderly bladder cancer patients post-radical cystectomy: an XGBoost model study.","authors":"Gaowei Li, Kang Xia","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-24-2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor stage, surgery and age are positively correlated with cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (BCa). In light of the successful application of machine learning to process big data in many fields outside of medicine, we aimed to establish and validate whether machine learning models could improve our ability to predict the development of CSM in elderly BCa patients after radical cystectomy (RC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on eligible patients diagnosed with BCa were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2021) and divided into training and validation cohorts in a ratio of 7:3. First, risk factors for the development of CSM in patients were identified by Cox regression analysis. Then, iterative testing and tuning through automated hyperparameter optimization and ten-fold cross-validation were performed to generate stable extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models with optimal performance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and confusion matrix were used to evaluate the performance of XGBoost model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 11,763 patients included, of which 5,788 died from BCa. By the comparison of different machine learning models, the final XGBoost model we constructed showed high accuracy and precision in predicting the development of CSM in BCa patients (6-month CSM: AUC =0.799, 12-month CSM: AUC =0.756, 36-month CSM: AUC =0.746, and 60-month CSM: AUC =0.745). The results of accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score confirmed the superior performance of the XGBoost model. The important scores for clinical characteristics and the Shapley Additive Explanations plots highlighted the importance of key factors: chemotherapy, tumor stage, marital status, and tumor size were the top four factors in all models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study validated and confirmed the feasibility and high performance of the XGBoost model in predicting CSM in elderly BCa patients after RC. The potential of machine learning contributes to accurately predict the prognosis of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 3","pages":"1902-1914"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Shenling Baizhu Powder on lipid profiles and body mass index in breast cancer patients under adjuvant chemotherapy: a retrospective study.","authors":"Jiaqing Song, Ying Jin, Qinghong Yu, Hongting Wu, Hailong Li, Geok Hoon Lim, Marcelo Antonini, Xiufei Gao","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-2024-2658","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy often causes dyslipidemia and obesity in breast cancer patients. Monitoring lipid profiles and body mass index (BMI) is crucial to evaluate chemotherapy's metabolic side effects, identify interventions to mitigate them, and understand health risks linked to weight changes during treatment. Shenling Baizhu Powder (SLBZP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), treats spleen-stomach ailments by boosting spleen function, enhancing qi, and reducing dampness. SLBZP has potential benefits in managing chemotherapy-induced dyslipidemia and improving overall metabolic health in cancer patients. This study retrospectively examined the effects of SLBZP on blood lipid levels and BMI in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer at the Breast Surgery Department of Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to December 2023. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 180 eligible patients were included and divided into an observational group (which received SLBZP) and a control group (which did not receive SLBZP) during chemotherapy. Patients' clinical data, including age at diagnosis, menopausal status, tumor location, smoking and drinking habits, tumor molecular type, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapy, lipid levels, and BMI before and after chemotherapy, were collected. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 25.0.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;After chemotherapy, the control group showed significant increases in total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.03), triglyceride (TG) (P=0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P=0.02), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (P=0.01) levels. In the observational group, the TC, TG, and LDL-C levels remained stable (P&gt;0.05), but the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P=0.001) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) (P&lt;0.001) levels significantly decreased, and BMI (P=0.02) significantly increased. The subgroup analysis revealed that the taxane followed by anthracycline subgroup showed significant increases in BMI (P=0.007) and significant decreases in the HDL-C (P=0.007) and ApoA1 (P&lt;0.001) levels, while the taxane subgroup showed a significant decrease in the HDL-C level post-chemotherapy (P=0.003). In the control group, the TG (P=0.002) and LDL-C (P=0.02) levels were significantly elevated in the taxane followed by anthracycline subgroup post-chemotherapy. No significant changes were observed in BMI or the other lipid indexes in the remaining chemotherapy drug regime subgroups (P&gt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Chemotherapy increased the TC, TG, LDL-C, and ApoB levels in breast cancer patients, but SLBZP mitigated dyslipidemia. The patients who received SLBZP also showed increased BMI post-chemotherap","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 3","pages":"1952-1970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11985205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}