Translational cancer research最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence radiomics in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gynecological cancer: a literature review.","authors":"Gengshen Bai, Shiwen Huo, Guangcai Wang, Shijia Tian","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2025-618","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-2025-618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Gynecological cancer is the most common cancer that affects women's quality of life and well-being. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology enables us to exploit high-dimensional imaging data for precision oncology. Tremendous progress has been made with AI radiomics in cancers such as lung and breast cancers. Herein, we performed a literature review on AI radiomics in the management of gynecological cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search was performed in the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for original articles written in English up to 10 September 2024, using the terms \"gynecological cancer\", \"cervical cancer\", \"endometrial cancer\", \"ovarian cancer\", AND \"artificial intelligence\", \"AI\", AND \"radiomics\". The included studies mainly focused on the current landscape of AI radiomics in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gynecological cancer.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>A total of 128 studies were included, with 86 studies focusing on tumor diagnosis (n=23) and characterization (n=63), 15 on treatment response prediction, and 27 on recurrence and survival prediction. AI radiomics has shown potential value in tumor diagnosis and characterization [tumor staging, histological subtyping, lymph node metastasis (LNM), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), myometrial invasion (MI), and other molecular or clinicopathological factors], chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy response evaluation, and prognosis (disease recurrence or metastasis, and survival) prediction. However, most included studies were single-center and retrospective. There was substantial heterogeneity in methodology and results reporting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI radiomics has been increasingly adopted in the management of gynecological cancer. Further validation in large-scale datasets is needed before clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2508-2532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between blood metal elements and lung cancer: a cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Meng He, Kelong Tao, Jian Sun, Renqi Tang, Rongyao Jin","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1430","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between exposure to certain heavy metals and an increased risk of lung cancer has been confirmed, but the exact relationship remains uncertain. This research shed light on the association between blood metal elements and lung cancer, and examined their causal association through Mendelian randomization (MR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively included 48,132 participants from 1999 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression was employed for exploring the relationship between blood metal elements (cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium, manganese, cobalt, copper, iron, and zinc) and lung cancer. Additionally, MR analysis was carried out to investigate potential causal association between blood metal elements and the progression of lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive association was observed between cadmium and lung cancer, while a negative association was noted between iron and lung cancer when all confounders in the NHANES were fully taken into account. MR analysis further demonstrated that iron was negatively linked with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in Europeans [odds ratio (OR)_ivw =0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.92, P=0.004; OR_{weighted median} =0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.92, P=0.006]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness and reliability of this finding (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Iron is inversely related to the incidence of lung cancer, with MR analysis supporting its protective role in LUAD. These findings necessitate further validation in large-scale prospective cohort studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2207-2219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Still thirsting for a fix.","authors":"Grace C Blitzer, Jacques Galipeau, Sara S McCoy, Randall J Kimple","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2025-150","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-2025-150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2175-2177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency KRAS mutations in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: prognostic significance and potential co-targeting therapies.","authors":"Jinlong Yu, Dazhi Yan, Xiaorui Liu, Xiaoshi Zhang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1832","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is among the most frequently mutated oncogenes across multiple cancers. Developing prognostic indicators based on KRAS mutations and advancing targeted KRAS inhibitors remain critical challenges in oncology. Notably, different KRAS mutations are associated with distinct biological behaviors, each carrying unique prognostic and therapeutic implications. The study aims to investigate and explore the characteristics of KRAS mutations and their impact on cancer patient prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis using publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Program data to investigate the prognostic significance of KRAS mutations in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), colorectal cancer (CRC), and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to assess the impact of KRAS mutations on patient outcomes. Additionally, KRAS mutations were detected using Sanger sequencing in genomic DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of patients enrolled from 2022 to 2024. Mutation rates and their associations with genetic background factors were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pan-cancer analysis revealed high KRAS mutation frequencies in PAAD (77.4%), COADREAD (41.1%), and LUAD (27.2%), with the most prevalent mutations being G12C, G12D, and G12V. Sanger sequencing further confirmed the high mutation frequencies of KRAS^{G12C, G12D, G12V} in PAAD (54/129), CRC (28/40), and LUAD (24/35). Patients harboring KRAS^{G12C, G12D, G12V} mutations in PAAD exhibited significantly reduced overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS), while no significant survival differences were observed in CRC and LUAD. Multivariate Cox regression identified KRAS^{G12C, G12D, G12V} as independent prognostic risk factors in PAAD. Moreover, we predict that gefitinib, afatinib, erlotinib, and selumetinib could serve as potential co-targeting therapies for KRAS mutations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>KRAS mutations serve as independent prognostic risk factors in PAAD, and targeting these mutations may offer a promising therapeutic approach to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2331-2342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>CDKN2A</i> as a prognostic and diagnostic marker is a possible key contributor in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Jun Ding, Ya-Ting Deng, Yi Deng, Ke-Ying Chen, Peng Guo, Fei Han","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1845","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the deadliest cancers with a rising incidence worldwide. Although the treatment of HCC has made some breakthroughs, the incidence and mortality of HCC are still increasing. The major cause for this is the lack of early diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic targets. This study aimed at identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic candidates, and determining the expression characteristic, clinical relevance, prognostic significance, diagnostic value and expression regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (<i>CDKN2A</i>) in HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole transcriptome sequencing data of normal and HCC tissues were used to screen and identify the diagnostic and therapeutic candidates. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena, Kaplan-Meier, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tissue microarray, ESTIMATE, LinkedOmics, STRING and GeneMANIA were used to analyze the associations of <i>CDKN2A</i> expression with clinicopathological indices and tumor immune microenvironment, and determine the prognostic significance, diagnostic value, and possible expression regulation of <i>CDKN2A</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>CDKN2A</i> expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues, and closely correlated with patients' tumor size and clinical stage. High expression of <i>CDKN2A</i> was closely associated with poor prognosis and tumor microenvironment of HCC patients. <i>CDKN2A</i> expression has a clear diagnostic value for HCC. The up-regulation of <i>CDKN2A</i> in HCC may be related to the methylation of its promoter region. The enrichment analyses of <i>CDKN2A</i> co-expressed genes and interacting proteins revealed that <i>CDKN2A</i> likely promoted HCC progression through involvement of cell cycle regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>CDKN2A</i> may serve as a new and promising prognostic and diagnostic marker, and an important therapeutic target in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2303-2318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Will phenotype help guide immunotherapy in prostate cancer?","authors":"Steven Tisseverasinghe, Tamim Niazi","doi":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2477","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-2024-2477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2170-2174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) to universal immune cells: literature review of advances in a new generation of tumor therapies.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Zixuan Jia, Huixin Pan, Wen Ma, Youhan Liu, Xuewen Tian, Yang Han, Qinglu Wang, Caixia Zhou, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1087","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Tumor therapy is still a tough clinical challenge, and cancer immunotherapy has drawn increasing attention. T cells and natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in the immune response. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology opens up a new way to produce functionally improved universal iPSC-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T (CAR-iT) and iPSC-derived CAR-NK (CAR-iNK) cells. This study aims to comprehensively review the generation and clinical applications of iPSC-derived universal CAR-iT and CAR-iNK cells to explore their potential and future directions in cancer immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for relevant literature from 1975 to 2024 on the transformation of iPSCs into universal immune cells.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>iPSC technology enables the generation of enhanced CAR-iNK cells. Genetic modifications can boost the antitumor activity of iPSC-derived immune cells. CAR-iT cells have cytotoxicity issues. In contrast, CAR-iNK cells have advantages as they can be sourced from different origins and enhanced via genetic engineering.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review outlines iPSC technology's application in oncology, iNK cells' properties, and the pros and cons of CAR cells in cancer treatment. It also focuses on the current clinical status and modification strategies of CAR-iT and CAR-iNK therapies, facilitating the development of future effective off-the-shelf blood cell therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2495-2507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of colorectal adenoma and benign colorectal polyp associated with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ju Hee Kim, Hyun Wook Han, Joo Hye Song, Seong-Jang Kim, Young Kook Kim, Hye Jun Kim, Taeho Greg Rhee, Sung Ryul Shim","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-795","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the association between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection and the risk of colorectal adenomas (CRAs) is suggested, specific analysis of the histological subtype of CRA is limited. The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the risk of histological classifications of CRA as benign colorectal polyp (BCP), CRA, and advanced CRA to investigate the effects of <i>H. pylori</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases through January 2024. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to identify potential moderators (e.g., histological subtype and ethnic groups).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 503,365 participants across 40 studies, <i>H. pylori</i> was consistently associated with increased probabilities of BCP, CRA, and advanced CRA. In BCP, <i>H. pylori</i> positive was found to be associated with an increase [odds ratio (OR), 1.430; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.292-1.583]. In CRA and advanced CRA, <i>H. pylori</i> positive was found to be associated with an increase (OR, 1.711; 95% CI: 1.408-2.080). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, Western group had lower OR compared to Asian, with a statistically significant difference observed (Western OR, 1.369; 95% CI: 1.222-1.535 <i>vs.</i> Asian OR, 1.990; 95% CI: 1.416-2.796, P=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis findings revealed a significant association between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and BCP, CRA, and advanced CRA. In particular, meta-regression analysis confirmed that ethnicity acts as a risk factor in both BCP and CRA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2354-2366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating additional malignancy rates and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma patients: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Nanxi Dong, Baodong Ye, Shuyan Liu","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1721","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1721","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Effective treatments have improved survival in multiple myeloma (MM), but the extension of survival has increased the risk of additional malignancies. Existing staging systems, such as the Durie-Salmon (D-S) staging system and the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), lack comprehensive data on malignancy-related complications. With the aim of improving outcomes, in this study, we investigated additional malignancy rates, latency periods, and prognostic factors in MM patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data from MM patients with additional malignancies [1992-2020] were extracted from SEER. Patients meeting International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) criteria were included, excluding those with MM as the sole primary malignancy (PM). Variables analyzed included age, sex, race, latency period, tumor number, sequence, and malignancies sites. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and Cox regressions were used to assess risks and survival factors. Two nomograms were developed for prognosis prediction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 60,550 MM patients, 3,676 (6.07%) developed second primary malignancies (SPMs), and 1,663 (2.75%) had primary malignancies (PMs). Prostate cancer was the most solid tumor, whereas non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was the leading hematologic malignancy. Among MM patients with SPMs, the median follow-up duration was 60 months, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 28.63%. The following key risk factors were identified: older age at MM diagnosis [≥80 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;60 years, hazard ratio (HR) =2.101, P&lt;0.001], higher sequence number (second of two or more primaries &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. first, HR =2.006, P&lt;0.001; third or more &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. first, HR =5.483, P&lt;0.001), and specific cancer sites (e.g., thyroid &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. prostate). Tumor number (4-9 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 2 malignant tumors, HR =0.650, P=0.01), specific cancer sites (e.g., NHL &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. prostate), and latency period (2-3 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0-1 year, HR =0.610, P&lt;0.001; ≥4 &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0-1 year, HR =0.306, P&lt;0.001) were identified as protective factors influencing the survival. A nomogram for SPMs showed high predictive accuracy [area under the curve (AUC): 0.944 for 3-year survival]. For PMs, median follow-up was 26 months, with a 31.11% survival rate. Risk factors included advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence number. A PM nomogram demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC: 0.622 for 3-year survival). For PMs, median follow-up was 26 months, with a 31.11% survival rate. Risk factors included advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence number. A PM nomogram demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC: 0.622 for 3-year survival).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study highlights key risk factors for additional malignancies in MM patients, including advanced age, NHL, and higher sequence numbers. The developed nomograms aid in predicting survival outcomes, enabl","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2192-2206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of survival prediction nomograms for patients with early-stage rectal cancer: a population-based study.","authors":"Sirui Zhu, Yuncan Xing, Jiawei Tu, Wei Pei, Jianjun Bi, Zhaoxu Zheng, Qiang Feng","doi":"10.21037/tcr-24-1888","DOIUrl":"10.21037/tcr-24-1888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been rising in recent years, with a concurrent increase in early-stage rectal cancer (ESRC) cases. This study aimed to investigate risk factors and developed nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in ESRC patients in order to improve clinical outcomes across diverse patient subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Risk factors were investigated in ESRC patients by analyzing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We developed and validated nomograms to predict OS and CSS after dividing patients into two risk groups. Then we assessed the potential benefits of various therapies across subgroups after propensity score-matching (PSM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T stage, tumor grade, age, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, tumor size, and surgical options emerged as independent risk factors through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, contributing to the OS nomogram; while for CSS, the identified risk factors were tumor grade, age, elevated CEA levels and surgical options. The Concordance-index of the nomogram surpassed that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7^th staging system, with values of 0.69 (C-index, 0.64-0.74) in the training set and 0.65 (C-index, 0.62-0.68) in the testing set. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.70, 0.70, and 0.67 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in the development cohort, with comparable results in the validation cohort. Calibration plots demonstrated strong alignment between predicted and observed outcomes. Decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the nomogram's superior clinical utility relative to the AJCC 7^th staging system, with similar findings for CSS. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrated significant differences in OS and CSS between low- and high-risk groups. Notably, radiation and chemotherapy conferred no benefit, while low-risk patients, especially younger individuals, may benefit from local resection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents a comprehensive prognostic analysis of patients with ESRC and developed predictive nomograms for OS and CSS. Subgroup analyses highlight the potential benefits of local resection in younger patients with low risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23216,"journal":{"name":"Translational cancer research","volume":"14 4","pages":"2367-2380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}