Toxicology Research and Application最新文献_第4页

Antioxidant effect of Vitamin E on the male rat reproductive system by a high oral dose of Bisphenol-A 大剂量双酚a口服维生素E对雄性大鼠生殖系统的抗氧化作用

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/23978473211005562

M. Malmir, M. Mehranjani, T. Faraji, S. N. Noreini

{"title":"Antioxidant effect of Vitamin E on the male rat reproductive system by a high oral dose of Bisphenol-A","authors":"M. Malmir, M. Mehranjani, T. Faraji, S. N. Noreini","doi":"10.1177/23978473211005562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473211005562","url":null,"abstract":"Among researchers, environmental pollutants and their contribution to male fertility are still being discussed. The use of antioxidants manages to boost the reproductive system with the scavenging of free radicals. This study aimed to investigate the inhibiting function of Vitamin E (VE) on Bisphenol-A (BPA) toxicity in the male rats’ reproductive system. Male rats were divided into 4 groups: control (negative control) group, BPA group treated by 250 mg/kg/day (positive control), VE group treated by 150 mg/kg/day (comparative control) and BPA + VE group that received both doses at the same time (Oral treatment by gavage; 56 days). Sperm parameters, testicular tissue morphometric and biochemical tests were evaluated. Sperm count, motility, viability, normal morphology, sperm tail length, spermatogenesis index and serum testosterone levels significantly decreased in the BPA group compared to the control group. Versus a significant enhancement in the positive-TUNEL germinal cells and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed. Moreover, BPA exhibited no effect on sperm maturity and DNA integrity. In the simultaneous treatment group (BPA + EV), VE could improve and regulate all the mentioned parameters within the control group range. As mentioned, there was a significant difference in the results in the positive control group compared to the negative control group. But these data improved significantly in the BPA + VE. It can be concluded that in this group, VE was able to overcome the toxicity caused by positive control in their simultaneous treatment and maintain the data at the negative control group range. Therefore, no significant change was observed in the BPA + VE group compared to the negative control group.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"25 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83726177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Accum and food adulteration: A forgotten bicentennial Accum和食品掺假:被遗忘的两百周年

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/23978473211033034

A. Dayan, Joshua Dayan

引用次数: 1

Acute electronic vapour product whole aerosol exposure of 3D human bronchial tissue results in minimal cellular and transcriptomic responses when compared to cigarette smoke 与香烟烟雾相比，急性电子蒸气产品全气溶胶暴露于三维人体支气管组织导致最小的细胞和转录组反应

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2397847320988496

G. Phillips, L. Czekala, H. Behrsing, K. Amin, J. Budde, M. Stevenson, R. Wieczorek, Tanvir Walele, L. Simms

{"title":"Acute electronic vapour product whole aerosol exposure of 3D human bronchial tissue results in minimal cellular and transcriptomic responses when compared to cigarette smoke","authors":"G. Phillips, L. Czekala, H. Behrsing, K. Amin, J. Budde, M. Stevenson, R. Wieczorek, Tanvir Walele, L. Simms","doi":"10.1177/2397847320988496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2397847320988496","url":null,"abstract":"The use of electronic vapour products (EVPs) continues to increase worldwide and with advances in cell culture systems, molecular biology and the computational sciences there is also accumulating evidence of their potential reduced toxicity and reduced potential harm when compared to cigarette smoke. To further understand the potential risks and health effects associated with exposure to EVP aerosols we have assessed the cellular and transcriptomic response from a commercially available lung tissue culture system (MucilAirTM) following a single sub-cytotoxic exposure to cigarette smoke and the equivalent nicotine delivered dose of EVP aerosol. The transcriptomic, cellular (cilia beat frequency (CBF) and percent active area (%AA), trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), histology) and cytokine release were assessed at 4- and 48- hours following recovery from air, EVP aerosol (8.4% V/V: mybluTM blueberry flavour, 2.4% nicotine) and 3R4F smoke (3.5% V/V: exposure). No pathological changes were observed at either recovery time point from any exposure. Air and EVP aerosol exposure had no effect on CBF, %AA nor TEER at 48 hours. Exposure to cigarette smoke resulted in a decrease in TEER, an increase in CBF and the release of proinflammatory cytokines at both recovery time points. Although the number of significantly expressed genes was minimal following exposure to EVP aerosol, exposure to 3R4F smoke resulted in a significant upregulation of several disease relevant pathways. These data provide evidence that following an acute exposure to EVP aerosol there is significantly less damage to lung cells in culture than the equivalent, nicotine based, dose of cigarette smoke.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80731498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Use of sucralose in foods heated during manufacturing does not pose a risk to human health 在生产过程中加热的食品中使用三氯蔗糖不会对人体健康构成风险

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/23978473211019490

J. Gujral, Jim Carr, D. Tonucci, C. Darwen, V. L. Grotz

{"title":"Use of sucralose in foods heated during manufacturing does not pose a risk to human health","authors":"J. Gujral, Jim Carr, D. Tonucci, C. Darwen, V. L. Grotz","doi":"10.1177/23978473211019490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473211019490","url":null,"abstract":"Regulatory agencies around the world have found sucralose to be a safe ingredient for use in food. A recent review by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) hypothesized that sucralose use in foods heated during their manufacture might pose a health risk, by resulting in the formation of certain chlorinated compounds; specifically, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinateddibenzofurans (PCDFs) and/or free or bound 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD), some of which are considered potential carcinogens. The BfR further encouraged the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which is in the process of conducting a staged re-evaluation of a range of food additives, including sucralose, to specifically address their hypothesis. This paper reports the results of new studies requested by EFSA to analyze for the presence of PCDDs, PCDFs and 3-MCPDs in a range of foods. As requested, foods were prepared with typical sucralose use levels and thermally processed under typical food processing conditions. The presence of the compounds of interest were analyzed using validated and accepted analytical methods (e.g. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS)). The results of these new analytical studies show no evidence for the formation of these compounds due to sucralose presence. This paper also reports a critical analysis of the studies cited in the BfR review as the basis for its hypothesis. This analysis shows that the cited studies do not represent food manufacturing conditions and are thus not reliable for predicting the fate of sucralose in foods. This work reaffirms that sucralose is safe for use in food manufacture, including when heating is required.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86693996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infertility: A product of smoke emanating from Transfluthrin coated insecticide paper (TCIP) 不育:经氟氯菊酯涂布的杀虫纸(TCIP)产生的烟雾的产物

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/23978473211025467

D. Oyeniran, A. Ojewale, P. Jewo, E. Ashamu, O. Adeniyi, S. Adelakun

{"title":"Infertility: A product of smoke emanating from Transfluthrin coated insecticide paper (TCIP)","authors":"D. Oyeniran, A. Ojewale, P. Jewo, E. Ashamu, O. Adeniyi, S. Adelakun","doi":"10.1177/23978473211025467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473211025467","url":null,"abstract":"Transfluthrin is a fast-acting insecticide used in household and hygiene products, mainly against flying insects, such as mosquito and flies, and in agriculture material pests. Its uses in these areas have not been without health risk to humans and the ecosystem. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the effect of smoke emanating from Transfluthrin Coated Insecticide Paper (TCIP) on adult Wistar rats’ testicular functions. The rats were grouped into three. Group A was exposed to normal environmental air. Group B and C rats were exposed via whole-body inhalation to smoke emanating from 6 g and 12 g of TCIP every day for 8 weeks. The entire groups contained eight rats each. At the end of the exposure, body and organs weight, semen analysis, biochemical assay and histological examination were evaluated and determined. The results show that the exposure significantly altered the testicular cytoarchitecture, sperm quality, hormonal profile and oxidative parameters with an increase in exposure to TCIP. This study revealed that exposure to transfluthrin is detrimental to the reproductive functions of male rats.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"2 Suppl A 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83646148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Toxicological implications of sequential administration of herbal and conventional medicines: Evidence from an in vivo study on Azadirachta indica and artesunate in male Wistar rats 中草药和常规药物顺序给药的毒理学意义:来自雄性Wistar大鼠体内印楝和青蒿琥酯研究的证据

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2397847321999302

G. Forcados, VO Adamu, MT Abdulsalam, N. Aminu, TM Anjuwon, M. Otor, JR Riki, A. Muhammad

{"title":"Toxicological implications of sequential administration of herbal and conventional medicines: Evidence from an in vivo study on Azadirachta indica and artesunate in male Wistar rats","authors":"G. Forcados, VO Adamu, MT Abdulsalam, N. Aminu, TM Anjuwon, M. Otor, JR Riki, A. Muhammad","doi":"10.1177/2397847321999302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2397847321999302","url":null,"abstract":"In most parts of West Africa and other developing countries, herbal medicines are sometimes used by patients concomitantly receiving conventional drugs, which can result in potentially serious adverse effects. This study examined in vivo cytotoxic effects of Azadirachta indica extracts followed by artesunate administration on some markers of liver and kidney toxicity. Serum ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, tissue malondialdehyde and glutathione levels and liver and kidney histology in healthy male Wistar rats administered 100 and 200 mg/kg A. indica for 5 days followed by 10 mg/kg Artesunate for 5 days was determined. Results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher serum ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α levels with proportional increase of 16.5, 21.7, 9.2, 6.9, 9.1 and 9.1% respectively when compared to normal control was observed. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher with a proportional increase of 57.8%, while glutathione levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower with a proportional decrease of 13.4% in liver homogenates of the treated rats relative to normal control. Histological examination of the liver and kidney of the co-treated rats showed vascular congestion and necrosis. Collectively, the results suggest that administration of A. indica followed by artesunate could predispose to liver and kidney associated cytotoxicity. These findings could have implications for people who habitually use herbal preparations and conventional drugs in sequential fashion.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79223493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of vitreous renal chemistries in the discrimination of postmortem fresh water drowning 玻璃体肾化学在死后淡水溺水鉴别中的应用

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2397847321997523

E. Agoro, C. G. Ikimi, Tommy Edidiong

{"title":"The use of vitreous renal chemistries in the discrimination of postmortem fresh water drowning","authors":"E. Agoro, C. G. Ikimi, Tommy Edidiong","doi":"10.1177/2397847321997523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2397847321997523","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated drowning as the leading cause of unintentional death in the world, with 372,000 deaths reported annually. Not all drowning are unintentional; some could be disguised to cover up an act of heinous criminality. This study was aimed at using some vitreous renal function biochemical parameters as a discriminant of postmortem fresh water drowning. Twelve albino rabbits constituted the sample size as validated by Mead’s formula. The study was divided into three groups; the control, postmortem-drowned and truly drowned as mimicked using an artificial fresh water pond. Vitreous humours were extracted using Coe method. The vitreous renal chemistries were analysed using diacetyl monoxime, Jaffe’s test, uricase and ion-selective electrode (ISE) methods respectively. Result: The mean of vitreous creatinine, urea, uric acid, Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+, glucose and CO2 of the control, postmortem-drowned and truly drowned groups were compared using One-way Anova (post-hoc-LSD) with the aid of SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA; Version 18–21 package. The findings revealed a significant increase in concentrations of vitreous creatinine, glucose, Ca2+ and K+ of the drowned death group, whereas vitreous concentrations of CO2 and urea significantly decreased when compared to the controls and/or postmortem-drowned death. Conclusion: The study has shown that some of the studied vitreous biochemical parameters could be used as an ancillary tool in discriminating death due to fresh water drowning from that of disguised or postmortem-drowned death.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84957880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Quaternary ammonium compounds: perspectives on benefits, hazards, and risk 季铵化合物:益处、危害和风险的观点

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/23978473211049085

T. Osimitz, W. Droege

{"title":"Quaternary ammonium compounds: perspectives on benefits, hazards, and risk","authors":"T. Osimitz, W. Droege","doi":"10.1177/23978473211049085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473211049085","url":null,"abstract":"Quaternary ammonium compounds are antimicrobial chemicals that provide significant public health benefits by controlling bacteria and viruses that cause infections such as colds, flu, and COVID. The benefits of antimicrobial QACs are seen in increased quality-of-life measures, such as reduced time away from work and school and reduced medical costs. As active antimicrobial agents, QACs and QAC-containing consumer and professional products are highly regulated by authorities such as the US Environmental Protection Agency and the European Chemicals Agency. A complete database of guideline safety studies, covering human and environmental health, is available and has been reviewed by multiple regulatory agencies globally. The conclusions of regulatory agencies from these studies indicate no concerns regarding reproductive effects, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, or other systemic adverse effects. In contrast, some published academic studies provide mixed findings on lipid synthesis, reproductive effects, and asthma. However, many of these studies have been found not to be robust in design and lacked appropriate controls to support conclusions of a clear and direct association with an adverse effect. The hazard data for the QACs show that their primary critical effects are point-of-contact effects such as irritation, which exhibit a threshold and occur in a dose–response manner. This review compares toxicity information for QACs, examines human exposures, and quantifies the risks estimated from QAC product use. QACs are an important cleaning and hygiene tool, and the abundance of safety data generated for them provides assurance they can be safely used in professional and household products.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91469059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

A survey of aerosol exposure systems relative to the analysis of cytotoxicity: A Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) perspective 与细胞毒性分析相关的气溶胶暴露系统调查:烟草科学研究合作中心(CORESTA)的观点

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/23978473211022267

D. Thorne, R. Wieczorek, Toshiro Fukushima, Han-Jae Shin, R. Leverette, M. Ballantyne, Xiang Li, B. Bombick, K. Yoshino

{"title":"A survey of aerosol exposure systems relative to the analysis of cytotoxicity: A Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) perspective","authors":"D. Thorne, R. Wieczorek, Toshiro Fukushima, Han-Jae Shin, R. Leverette, M. Ballantyne, Xiang Li, B. Bombick, K. Yoshino","doi":"10.1177/23978473211022267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23978473211022267","url":null,"abstract":"During a Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) meeting, the in vitro toxicity testing Sub-Group (IVT SG) met to discuss the evolving field of aerosol exposure research. Given the diversity of exposure parameters and biological endpoints being used, it was considered a high priority to investigate and contextualise the responses obtained. This is particularly driven by the inability to compare between studies on different exposure systems due to user preferences and protocol differences. Twelve global tobacco and contract research companies met to discuss this topic and formulate an aligned approach on how this diverging field of research could be appropriately compared. Something that is becoming increasingly important, especially in the light of more focused regulatory scrutiny. A detailed and comprehensive survey was conducted on over 40 parameters ranging from aerosol generation, dilution and data analysis across eight geographically independent laboratories. The survey results emphasise the diversity of in vitro exposure parameters and methodologies employed across the IVT SG and highlighted pockets of harmonisation. For example, many of the biological protocol parameters are consistent across the Sub-Group. However, variables such as cell type and exposure time remain largely inconsistent. The next steps for this work will be to map parameters and system data against biological findings and investigate whether the observed inconsistencies translate into increased biological variability. The results from the survey provide improved awareness of parameters and nuances, that may be of substantial benefit to scientists in intersecting fields and in the development of harmonised approaches.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"516 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77107506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Assessment of engineered nanosilver as an alternative nano-antibiotic in marine water pollution using biomarker of fish cell line 利用鱼类细胞系生物标志物评价工程纳米银作为海洋水污染纳米抗生素的替代作用

Toxicology Research and Application Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2397847321998282

Tayyaba Bibi, T. Khan

{"title":"Assessment of engineered nanosilver as an alternative nano-antibiotic in marine water pollution using biomarker of fish cell line","authors":"Tayyaba Bibi, T. Khan","doi":"10.1177/2397847321998282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2397847321998282","url":null,"abstract":"A large volume of antibiotics is used in fish farms to treat diseases because the farmed fish are fully affected by diseases and parasites in the aquaculture and particularly in the ocean environment where disease pathogens multiply quickly. The frequent use of these antibiotics in aquaculture has resulted in animal; stress, infection, and their dissemination in the form of antibiotic resistant genes to other bacteria including human and animal pathogens. The problems arising with antibiotics can be overcome by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their physiochemical properties and low toxicity. So AgNPs could be combined with antibiotics to induce infections in fish cell lines and to protect dissemination of antibiotics in the form of antibiotics resistant genes. We expose AgNPs on fish cell lines as a new nano-antibacterial agent to investigate and obtain findings in terms of the cell viability and toxicity. The experimental data is analyzed to examine the antibacterial effects of nanosilver as a replacement agent and discuss the complex scenario, drawbacks, techniques, methods, main mechanisms, and procedures to perform antibacterial tests of exposed AgNPs. There would be an attempt to deal with the AgNPs antibacterial therapies for the fish cell lines.","PeriodicalId":23155,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research and Application","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85732784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1