Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods最新文献

{"title":"Bovine Placental Cotyledon-Derived Hydrogel: Methodology to Produce a Substrate for Tissue Engineering.","authors":"Raí André Querino Candelária, Igor S Cordeiro, Maria Angélica Miglino, Rodrigo S N Barreto","doi":"10.1177/19373341251360957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19373341251360957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioengineering aims to develop biomaterials that closely mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) to support tissue regeneration. This study presents a detailed protocol for producing hydrogels derived from decellularized bovine placental cotyledons. Bovine placentas at 4-5 months of gestation (<i>n</i> = 10) were subjected to vascular perfusion with increasing concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.01-1%) and Triton X-100 (1%), which effectively removed cellular components. Decellularization efficacy was confirmed by histological (hematoxylin and eosin and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI] staining), molecular, and structural analyses, including residual genomic DNA quantification averaging 9.1 ng/mg of dry tissue. The ECM scaffolds were enzymatically digested using 0.1% (w/v) pepsin in 0.01 M HCl and reconstituted with sodium alginate at concentrations of 5%, 8%, 10%, and 12% (w/v). Crosslinking was achieved with 1% calcium chloride. Among the tested formulations, hydrogels containing 12% alginate demonstrated greater mechanical stability and preserved three-dimensional architecture, including interconnected porosity, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. Cytocompatibility was evaluated by culturing canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on both decellularized biomaterials and hydrogels. DAPI staining revealed nuclei after 7 and 25 days of culture, indicating cell presence and distribution throughout the constructs. These results indicate that bovine cotyledon-derived ECM hydrogels maintain structural and biochemical features favorable for cell interaction and may serve as adaptable platforms for tissue engineering, dermal repair, and three-dimensional cell culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Response of Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts to Vasoactive Agents in an Ovine Model.","authors":"Marissa Guo, Delaney Villarreal, Tatsuya Watanabe, Matthew Wiet, Anudari Ulziibayar, Adrienne Morrison, Kirsten Nelson, Satoshi Yuhara, Syed Faizullah Hussaini, Toshiharu Shinoka, Christopher Breuer","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are emerging as promising alternatives to synthetic grafts, particularly in pediatric cardiovascular surgery. While TEVGs have demonstrated growth potential, compliance, and resistance to calcification, their functional integration into the circulation, especially their ability to respond to physiological stimuli, remains underexplored. Vasoreactivity, the dynamic contraction or dilation of blood vessels in response to vasoactive agents, is a key property of native vessels that affects systemic hemodynamics and long-term vascular function. This study aimed to develop and validate an <i>in vivo</i> protocol to assess the vasoreactive capacity of TEVGs implanted as inferior vena cava (IVC) interposition grafts in a large animal model. Bone marrow-seeded TEVGs were implanted in the thoracic IVC of Dorset sheep. A combination of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and invasive hemodynamic monitoring was used to evaluate vessel response to norepinephrine (NE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Cross-sectional luminal area changes were measured using a custom Python-based software package (VIVUS) that leverages deep learning for IVUS image segmentation. Physiological parameters including blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were continuously recorded. NE injections induced significant, dose-dependent vasoconstriction of TEVGs, with peak reductions in luminal area averaging ∼15% and corresponding increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure. Conversely, SNP did not elicit measurable vasodilation in TEVGs, likely due to structural differences in venous tissue, the low-pressure environment of the thoracic IVC, and systemic confounders. Overall, the TEVGs demonstrated active, rapid, and reversible vasoconstrictive behavior in response to pharmacologic stimuli. This study presents a novel <i>in vivo</i> method for assessing TEVG vasoreactivity using real-time imaging and hemodynamic data. TEVGs possess functional vasoactivity, suggesting they may play an active role in modulating venous return and systemic hemodynamics. These findings are particularly relevant for Fontan patients and other scenarios where dynamic venous regulation is critical. Future work will compare TEVG vasoreactivity with native veins and synthetic grafts to further characterize their physiological integration and potential clinical benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Long-Term Expansion Culture for Primary Murine Nasopharyngeal Cells.","authors":"Xuan Liu, Yuxi Tian, Yuxia Zou, Yuanfeng Fu, Chenglong Zheng, Tingting Duan, Mingyue Chen, Jiaolin Bao, Xiaofeng Wang, Ren-Bo Ding, Xuejun Zhou","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0057","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nasopharynx constitutes a critical component of the respiratory tract. Nasopharyngeal diseases are closely related to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NECs). Considering the current paucity of appropriate cell models for studying nasopharynx-related diseases, there is an urgent need to develop a simple and efficient method for the long-term culture and robust expansion of primary NECs. In this study, we employed the NEC medium supplemented with Wnt3a, R-spondin, Noggin, and other growth factors to stimulate the proliferation of nasopharyngeal epithelial stem cells and maintain their self-renewal state, enabling long-term culture. Leveraging this strategy, we successfully developed a simplified and efficient method for long-term culture of primary murine NECs. The NEC medium provided a selective advantage for stably expanding cytokeratin 5- and epithelial membrane antigen-positive epithelial cells rather than alpha-smooth muscle actin-marked fibroblasts and prevented epithelial-mesenchymal transition as evidenced by continuously strong E-cadherin expression and being negative for vimentin. The established NEC line exhibited stable long-term proliferation with no evident signs of senescence. We also confirmed the nontumorigenic nature of the established nasopharyngeal cell line in mice. Our findings from this study provided a valuable cellular tool for investigating nasopharyngeal epithelial-related diseases and developing therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repair of Vertebral Bone Defects with Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Reinforced with Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma in Goats.","authors":"Ying Guo, Yang Yang, Bo Peng, Guo Xing","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0021","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from goat blood using a modified Landesberg method. A PRP/calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) composite paste was then prepared by combining PRP with injectable CPC, whereby the platelet counts in PRP increased by about 5.9-fold compared to that in the whole blood. Additionally, the levels of PDGF-AB, TGF-β, and VEGF in PRP were significantly higher than those in the whole blood. The new PRP/CPC composite exhibited significantly better injectability, initial setting time, final setting time, and washout resistance compared with CPC alone. A lumbar vertebral defect model was established in 18 Hainan indigenous male black goats via a retroperitoneal approach. Six lumbar vertebrae from each goat were randomized to three groups: a control group receiving normal saline, a CPC group using CPC paste alone, and a PRP/CPC group treated with the autologous PRP/CPC composite paste. The goats were maintained under standard feeding conditions postoperatively. Six goats were euthanized at 1, 3, and 6 months after operation to obtain vertebral specimens for assessment of vertebral strength and stiffness. Digital radiographical imaging at 6 months after operation showed that the vertebrae had normal growth and morphology in all groups. At 1, 3, and 6 months after operation, the vertebral strength and stiffness in PRP/CPC group were significantly greater than those in CPC-alone group. In addition, both vertebral strength and stiffness showed further improvement with the extension of postoperative recovery time. The PRP/CPC composite exhibited commendable rheological properties, and its application in repair of vertebral bone defects yielded favorable biomechanical properties. Furthermore, the new autologous PRP/CPC composite showed excellent biocompatibility and tissue repair capability and may prove to be a suitable candidate for repair of load-bearing bone defects, particularly those present in vertebrae.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Human Respiratory Mucosa Tissue Models with Polyamide 6 Scaffolds.","authors":"Niklas Pallmann, Elena Lajtha, Heike Oberwinkler, Tobias Weigel, Armin von Fournier, Agmal Scherzad, Jean-Marie Heydel, Stephan Hackenberg, Jochen Bodem, Maria Steinke","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0087","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced tissue-engineered respiratory models are essential for studying drug or cosmetic toxicity, infection biology and xenobiotic metabolism. Here, we investigated a polyamide 6 (PA6)-based electrospun stromal scaffold as a substitute for porcine-derived small intestinal submucosa (SIS) to build human airway mucosa tissue models at the air-liquid interface. We demonstrate that the porous PA6 scaffold supports extracellular matrix production by human nasal fibroblasts and facilitates the complete differentiation of respiratory epithelial cells to the mucociliary phenotype. These models reduce reliance on animal-derived materials, improve reproducibility, and minimize potential interference from animal-derived antigens and pathogens. Both PA6- and SIS-based models promote fibroblast migration, epithelial differentiation, and the expression of key xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. They exhibit comparable epithelial barrier integrity and susceptibility to influenza A virus infections. These findings establish PA6 scaffolds as a suitable, animal-free alternative to the SIS to build human airway mucosa tissue models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":"203-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive Real-Time Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Biomaterials Through In Vivo Bacterial Tracking.","authors":"Jiahe Li, Liang Zhou, Mingxiao Liu, Xian He, Tianyu Huang","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0066","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the evaluation of <i>in vivo</i> antimicrobial efficacy predominantly relies on endpoint detection methods, such as Colony Forming Units (CFU) counting and histopathological staining following animal sacrifice, to assess the antimicrobial properties of materials. These traditional detection methods struggle to capture real-time changes in infection status during treatment. This study proposes a novel strategy utilizing lipophilic near-infrared dye (e.g., DIR, [1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide]) for bacterial fluorescent labeling, combined with <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging System (IVIS) technology, to achieve real-time monitoring of dynamic changes in bacterial infection in localized infection models. Following local injection of stained bacteria, IVIS imaging revealed temporal changes in fluorescence signals within infected areas, which were further utilized to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of antimicrobial biomaterials. We have effectively validated this approach in a rat bone defect infection model. Additionally, this method can be used in conjunction with micro-CT to enable three-dimensional observation. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach intuitively reflects the immediate effects of antimicrobial treatment and facilitates precise quantitative analysis, providing technical support for <i>in vivo</i> detection of antimicrobial efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":"230-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Optimization of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Behavior for Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels.","authors":"Jianming Cai, Haohao Zhou, Weizhi Luo, Wanwen Chen, Jiandong Li, Jierong Liang, Jing Yang, Xuheng Sun, Zhanyi Lin","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0039","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular tissue engineering technology uses tubular viscoelastic materials as intermediaries to transmit the mechanical stimuli required for the construction of vascular grafts. However, most existing studies rely on elastic models, which fail to capture the time-dependent nature of viscoelastic materials. Moreover, the long fabrication cycles, high costs, and complex parameter measurements in tissue engineering pose significant challenges to experimental approaches. There is thus an urgent need to develop a viscoelastic mechanical model that combines physical interpretability, computational efficiency, and predictive accuracy, enabling precise characterization of material responses and unified quantification across experimental platforms. Here, we propose an error-corrected linear solid (ECLS) model with an embedded correction term to address the predictive deviations of conventional models in nonlinear viscoelastic scenarios. Instead of expanding the traditional model structure, the ECLS incorporates an error correction method that improves predictive performance while maintaining structural simplicity. Experiments were conducted on three representative viscoelastic materials-silicone rubber, polyurethane, and polytetrafluoroethylene-to acquire time-resolved response data through stress relaxation and creep tests. The fitting performance was quantitatively evaluated using the Euclidean norm and the Akaike information criterion, enabling a systematic comparison between the ECLS model and three classical models (Kelvin-Voigt, Maxwell, and standard linear solid [SLS]). The results show that the ECLS model exhibits higher predictive accuracy over a wide time range, with an average goodness of fit (R²) of 0.99, representing an improvement of ∼6% compared to the SLS model. Furthermore, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the ECLS model are at least one order of magnitude lower than those of the traditional models, significantly improving the description of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior and providing more accurate predictions of material viscoelastic mechanical behavior. Therefore, the ECLS model not only improves the modeling accuracy of viscoelastic behavior but also establishes a unified and scalable framework for predicting and optimizing the mechanical performance of tissue-engineered vessels, expanding the application potential of mechanical modeling in bioreactor design and biomaterials development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":"191-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation Damage to a Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Model of the Brain Perivascular Niche.","authors":"Yoanna I Ivanova, Alison C Nunes, Val Cruz, Kimberly Selting, Brendan A C Harley","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0007","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and recurrent brain cancer characterized by diffuse metastasis at the tumor margins. Radiation therapy is a standard component of current treatment and offers potential for improved patient outcomes. While radiation therapy targets GBM cells in the tumor margins, it may also significantly damage adjacent noncancerous tissues, leading to reduced quality of life and potentially creating a tumor-supportive microenvironment. The perivascular niche (PVN) in the tumor margins is believed to play a significant role in regulating the glioblastoma stem cell subpopulation as well as serving as a site for cancer recurrence and migration. Understanding the impact of radiation on the PVN can better inform radiation schemes and improve our understanding of GBM recurrence, but is difficult <i>in vivo</i>. Here, we adapt a previously developed three-dimensional hydrogel model of the brain PVN to investigate the impact of radiation dosage and delivery rate on PVN properties <i>in vitro</i>. Effects of radiation on vessel architecture can be measured in this hydrogel-based model, suggesting an approach that can provide insight into the effects of radiation on a shorter time scale relative to <i>in vivo</i> experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guide for Cell Therapy in Human Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Reyhaneh Abolghasemi, Esmat Davoudi-Monfared","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0032","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on various research, different cells are effective for improving the symptoms and paraclinical indicators of patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). A big gap in front of researchers and doctors is to know the source, the number of cells required for injection, the delivery method, and the required complementary treatments. We extracted the desired data (number of cells, autologous or allogeneic source of cell extraction, delivery method, and complementary treatments) from 40 clinical trials, which checked and recorded 17 scores of symptoms and paraclinical indicators in at least two studies. The most common cells for improving 11 scores were bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell. The mean effect was more in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell with plasma as the complementary treatment. Then the highest mean effect was in bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell therapy, with the complementary treatment being methylprednisolone. The cell number (10⁶/kg), the source (autologous), and the delivery method (intrathecal) were similar in both cell types. No life-threatening consequences or death were recorded. This guideline helps researchers and doctors choose the appropriate cell therapy method for chronic SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":"174-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing α-Gal Epitope Removal in Porcine Dermal Matrix: Enzyme Selection and Tissue Form Matter.","authors":"Yu-Yue Zhang, Yu-Ting Tang, Sen-Li Huang, Wendell Q Sun","doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0052","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ten.tec.2025.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decellularization does not completely remove the matrix-bound α-Gal epitopes in porcine acellular dermal matrix (pADM), and the presence of residual α-Gal epitopes could elicit adverse immunological reactions and cause potential early failure of xenografts. The present study had evaluated the effectiveness of decellularization and α-galactosidase treatment to eliminate the matrix-bound α-Gal epitopes in pADM, as well as the effect of tissue form (intact pADM vs. microparticle). Decellularization eliminated ∼80% of α-Gal epitopes in porcine dermis, and pADM retained ∼20% of the matrix-bound α-Gal epitopes. While <i>Aspergillus</i> α-galactosidase and <i>Coffea</i> α-galactosidase both hydrolyzed the terminal alpha-galactosyl moiety from oligosaccharides, only <i>Coffea</i> α-galactosidase was effective in eliminating the matrix-bound α-Gal epitopes in intact pADM. <i>Aspergillus</i> α-galactosidase did not work for intact pADM, even at an enzyme activity more than an order of magnitude higher than that of <i>Coffea</i> α-galactosidase used. The different efficacy between <i>Aspergillus</i> α-galactosidase and <i>Coffea</i> α-galactosidase was associated to the accessibility to the matrix-bound α-Gal epitopes in intact pADM. When intact pADM was micronized into fine microparticles, <i>Aspergillus</i> α-galactosidase and <i>Coffea</i> α-galactosidase eliminated the matrix-bound α-Gal epitopes equally well. Thus, the tissue form had significant influence on the efficacy of enzymic cleavage. The findings of the study offer valuable insight for enzyme selection and process development for efficient α-Gal antigen reduction in xenogeneic grafts or tissue scaffolds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23154,"journal":{"name":"Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods","volume":" ","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}