Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)最新文献

{"title":"EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK IN VITRO DAN REGENERASI PLANLET DARI TIGA VARIETAS ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.)","authors":"Sulastri Sulastri, Winda Nawfetrias, Djatmiko Pinardi, Henti Rosdayanti","doi":"10.29122/jbbi.v6i1.3348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v6i1.3348","url":null,"abstract":"In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration of Three Varieties of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)ABSTRACTAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a valuable plant as a source of food for animal, forage, pharmaceutical, medicine, food supplement, and human consumption.  In vitro selection technology combined with induction or spontaneous mutagenesis has been effective in altering or isolating genetic variability for desirable characters.  Consequently, a reproducible in vitro propagation technique of that plant is mandatory. The aim of the research was to obtain information on the embryogenic callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, and plantlet regeneration of three varieties of alfalfa. The results showed that an optimum embryogenic callus induction (82%) was obtained on Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 ppm kinetin and 2 ppm a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Those embryogenic calli could subsequently develop into somatic embryos, which germinated and regenerated into normal plantlets on R1 medium consisting of MS nutrients without the addition of plant growth regulator.Keywords: alfalfa, callus, embryogenic, plantlets, regeneration ABSTRAKAlfalfa (Medicago sativa) adalah tanaman berharga sebagai sumber makanan untuk hewan, yaitu hijauan pakan ternak, farmasi, obat-obatan, suplemen makanan dan konsumsi manusia. Teknologi seleksi in vitro yang dikombinasikan dengan induksi atau mutagenesis spontan telah terbukti efektif dalam mengubah atau mengisolasi variabilitas genetik untuk karakter yang diinginkan. Oleh sebab itu, keberhasilan teknik perbanyakan in vitro yang telah terbukti dapat direproduksi dari tanaman tersebut menjadi syarat yang harus terpenuhi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai induksi kalus embriogenik, embriogenesis somatik dan regenerasi planlet dari tiga varietas alfalfa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi kalus embriogenik optimal (82%) didapat pada media Murashige & Skoog (MS) dengan  2 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2 ppm kinetin dan 2 ppm a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Kalus embriogenik tersebut dapat membentuk embrio somatik, embrionya berkecambah dan beregenerasi membentuk planlet normal pada perlakuan media R1 yaitu nutrisi MS tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh.Kata Kunci: alfalfa, embriogenik, kalus, planlet, regenerasi","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128564721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EKSTRAK KAYU TEGERAN (Cudrania javanensis Trécul) SEBAGAI ANTI JAMUR Peniophora sp.","authors":"Cici Darsih, M.Natsir Ilyas, V. T. Rosyida, D. Pratiwi, A. W. Indrianingsih, .. Hernawan, W. Apriyana","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3168","url":null,"abstract":"Antifungal Activity of Tegeran Wood (Cudrania javanensis Trécul) Extracts against Fungus Peniophora sp.  ABSTRACTThe fungus Peniophora sp. can degrade natural dyes, causing discoloration on batik cloth. This study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of tegeran wood (Cudrania javanensis) extracts against Peniophora sp. isolated from the aqueous extract of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) bark. Aqueous and methanol extraction procedures gave tegeran wood extracts whose concentrations were then varied into 100, 250 and 500 ppm. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts were carried out, and the results showed that the average values of the total polysaccharides and terpenoids of both aqueous and methanol extracts did not differ significantly (p<0.05), whereas those of polyphenols did (p<0.05). The total polyphenols of the methanol extract (484.723 mg GAE/g) was higher than that of the aqueous extract (389.903 mg GAE/g). Results showed that the methanol extract of tegeran wood showed higher antifungal activity against Peniophora sp. than the aqueous extract, and was also higher than ketoconazole control (100 ppm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanol extract against Peniophora sp. growth was of 500 ppm with the antifungal activity value (AFA) of 76.30%.Keywords: antifungal activity, Cudrania javanensis, Peniophora sp., Swietenia mahagoni, wood extract ABSTRAKJamur Peniophora sp. dapat mendegradasi zat warna alam sehingga warna yang dihasilkan pada kain batik lebih pudar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari aktivitas anti jamur dari ekstrak kayu tegeran (Cudrania javanensis) terhadap Peniophora sp. yang diisolasi dari ekstrak air kulit mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni). Ekstraksi menggunakan metanol dan air, menghasilkan ekstrak kayu tegeran, yang kemudian konsentrasinya divariasi menjadi 100, 250 dan 500 ppm. Analisis fitokimia ekstrak kayu tegeran dilakukan, dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata total polisakarida dan terpenoid ekstrak metanol dan air kayu tegeran tidak berbeda nyata (p<0,05). Sedangkan total polifenol kedua ekstrak berbeda nyata (p<0,05). Total polifenol ekstrak metanol kayu tegeran (484,723 mg GAE/g) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekstrak air (389,903 mg GAE/g). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas anti jamur ekstrak metanol lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak air kayu tegeran, dan juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol ketoconazole (100 ppm). Konsentrasi minimum ekstrak metanol kayu tegeran yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Peniophora sp. adalah 500 ppm dengan nilai penghambatan (AFA) sebesar 76,30%.Kata Kunci: aktivitas anti jamur, Cudrania javanensis, ekstrak kayu, Peniophora sp., Swietenia mahagoni","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127115260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF TROGLITAZONE ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND PPAR-γ GENE EXPRESSION IN 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTE CELLS","authors":"A. Sulfianti, Mayriska Triwulansari, Nuralih, Churiyah","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3117","url":null,"abstract":"Efek Troglitazone terhadap Perubahan Morfologi dan Ekspresi Gen PPAR- γ di Dalam Sel Adiposa 3T3-L1 ABSTRACT3T3-L1 cells are extensively used as a model to study adipogenesis. However, one major concern is the prolonged period of time it takes the cells to differentiate into adipocytes form. To induce this differentiation, the adipogenic induction media is required. In this study, troglitazone, a hypoglycemic agent was added to adipogenic induction media and observed in order to determine the morphological changes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) gene expression in 3T3-L1 differentiation. It is generally known that PPAR-ꝩ plays an important role as a transcription factor in adipocyte differentiation. Based on Oil Red O Staining, adipogenic induction with or without troglitazone changed the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes into mature round fat cells characterized by red droplet lipids. This cell also had a high absorbance level and degree of droplet accumulation of P≤ 0.05 in each group. In addition, cells treated by troglitazone had the highest PPAR-ꝩ mRNA level (1.9 fold) than those treated by adipogenic induction media without troglitazone or cells un-treated at all. Keywords: 3T3-L1, adipocyte, differentiation, PPAR-ꝩ, troglitazone ABSTRAKSel 3T3-L1 adalah jenis sel yang banyak digunakan dalam studi adipogenesis. Namun, salah satu kelemahan sel tersebut adalah lamanya waktu yang dibutuhkan bagi sel pre-adiposa untuk berdiferensiasi menjadi sel adiposa. Selain itu, dibutuhkan pula media induksi khusus untuk mengubah sel menjadi sel adiposa. Pada penelitian ini, kami mengobservasi fungsi troglitazone, sebagai antidiabetes terhadap perubahan morfologi dan ekspresi gen peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Telah diketahui bahwa PPAR-ꝩ berperan penting sebagai factor transkripsi dalam diferensasi sel adiposa. Berdasarkan pewarnaan ORO, induksi sel pre-adiposa 3T3-L1 dengan media induksi dengan dan tanpa troglitazone merubah sel preadiposa menjadi sel berbentuk bulat yang dikarakterisasi dengan akumulasi droplet lemak. Nilai absorbansi sel adiposa juga menandakan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok sel yang diberi troglitazone dan tidak, dan sel tanpa diberi media induksi. Sementara, pada kelompok sel yang diberi troglitazone memiliki ekspresi mRNA PPAR-ꝩ (1,9 kali) tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan sel yang diberi media induksi tanpa troglitazone, dan tanpa media induksi sama sekali.Kata Kunci: 3T3-L1, adiposa, diferensiasi, PPAR-ꝩ, troglitazone","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117090555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIKROPROPAGASI TANAMAN TALAS BENENG (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch) DENGAN PERLAKUAN BENZIL AMINOPURIN, TIAMIN, DAN ADENIN","authors":"Laela Sari, A. Wulansari, Siti Noorrohmah, T. M. Ermayanti","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3216","url":null,"abstract":"Micropropagation of Beneng Taro (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch) with Benzyl Amino Purine, Thiamine, and Adenine TreatmentABSTRACTConventional production of Beneng taro seeds (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch) is constrained by the limited number of tubers, thus an alternative solution is needed such as in vitro propagation. This study was aimed to obtain a micropropagation technique of Beneng taro on MS media with BAP, thiamine, and adenine treatment, and to determine its growth at the acclimatization stage. This research consisted of shoot multiplication and acclimatization. Shoot propagation was carried out on MS media with 8 treatments, namely ½MS and MS without addition of growth promoting substance, and MS with 1, 2 and 3 mg×L-1 BAP, with or without addition of 1 mg×L-1 thiamine and 2 mg×L-1 adenine. Each treatment was replicated four times, each consisting of four shoots. Growth observation was made from 1st to 5th week on petiole length, and number of shoots, leaves and roots. Acclimatization was carried out on soil media, compost, and husks in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. The results showed that the best media for shoot multiplication was MS + 1 mg×L-1 BAP + 1 mg×L-1 thiamine + 2 mg×L-1 adenine with an average of 3.5 shoots, while the best medium for the petiole length was ½MS with an average value of 6.97 cm. The results of acclimatization showed that 100% planlets survived, and plantlets grown on MS media + 3 mg×L-1 BAP had the highest number of shoots with an average of 4.2.Keywords: adenine, Beneng taro, benzil amino purine (BAP), micropropagation, thiamineABSTRAKPenyediaan bibit talas Beneng (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch) secara konvensional terkendala terbatasnya jumlah umbi, sehingga perlu solusi alternatif, diantaranya melalui perbanyakan in vitro. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan teknik mikropropagasi talas beneng pada media MS dengan perlakuan BAP, tiamin, adenin, dan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhannya pada tahap aklimatisasi. Penelitian ini meliputi perbanyakan tunas dan aklimatisasi. Perbanyakan tunas menggunakan media MS dengan 8 perlakuan yaitu ½MS dan MS tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT), serta MS dengan 1, 2 dan 3 mg×L-1 BAP dengan atau tanpa penambahkan 1 mg×L-1 tiamin dan 2 mg×L-1 adenin. Setiap perlakuan mempunyai empat ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri atas empat tunas. Pertumbuhan diamati mulai minggu ke-1 hingga ke-5 terhadap panjang petiol serta jumlah anakan, daun dan akar. Aklimatisasi dilakukan pada media tanah, kompos dan sekam dengan perbandingan 1:1:1. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa media terbaik perbanyakan tunas adalah MS + 1 mg×L-1 BAP + 1 mg×L-1 tiamin + 2 mg×L-1 adenin dengan rata-rata 3,5 tunas, sedangkan media terbaik untuk panjang tangkai daun adalah ½MS dengan nilai rata-rata 6,97 cm. Hasil aklimatisasi menunjukkan bahwa 100% planlet hidup dan planlet yang ditumbuhkan pada media MS + 3 mg×L-1 BAP mempunyai jumlah anakan terbanyak dengan rata-rata 4,2.Kata Kunci: adenine, benzil amino purin (BAP), mikropropagas","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134292864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISOLASI KHAMIR DARI BATANG TANAMAN TEBU DAN IDENTIFIKASINYA BERDASARKAN SEKUENS INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER","authors":"I. Anggraini, Rejeki Siti Ferniah, Endang Kusdiyantini","doi":"10.29122/jbbi.v6i1.3276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v6i1.3276","url":null,"abstract":"Isolation of Yeasts from Sugarcane Stems and Their Identification Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences ABSTRACTFermentative yeasts used in food, health, and energy industries need to be explored to discover their potential. The purpose of this study was to obtain fermentative yeast isolates from sugarcane stems and subsequently to undertake morphological, biochemical, and molecular identification. The isolation of epiphytic and endophytic yeasts was carried out by spread plate method using sugarcane soak water and sugarcane juice on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yeast-glucose-peptone (YGP) agar media. Morphological identification was based on macroscopic and microscopic observations. Biochemical identification was performed using carbohydrate fermentation and 50%-glucose media tests. Selected isolates were identified molecularly using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Seven yeast isolates were obtained, of which isolate Ed 1B was selected. Isolate ED 1B was of round colonies, creamy white colour, shiny, embossed, and wavy appearance, ovoid cell shape with a cell diameter of 4.74 µm. It had budding cells, was able to ferment glucose and sucrose (but not lactose), and grew on 50 %-glucose media. Results of BLAST showed that isolates Ed 1B had 99% homology with Kodamaea ohmeri.Keywords: isolation, ITS, molecular identification, Saccharum officinarum L., yeast ABSTRAKKhamir fermentatif yang digunakan dalam industri pangan, kesehatan dan energi perlu dieksplorasi untuk mengetahui potensinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh isolat khamir fermentatif dari batang tebu dan untuk kemudian diidentifikasi secara morfologi, biokimia dan molekuler. Isolasi khamir epifit dan endofit dilakukan dengan metode cawan sebar dari air rendaman tebu dan jus tebu pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA) dan yeast-glucose-peptone (YGP). Identifikasi morfologi berdasarkan pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Identifikasi biokimia menggunakan uji fermentasi karbohidrat dan uji media glukosa 50%. Isolat terpilih diidentifikasi molekuler menggunakan Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Hasil isolasi memperoleh 7 isolat khamir. Satu isolat terpilih (Ed 1B) didapatkan dan memiliki ciri-ciri koloni bulat, putih krem, mengkilap, timbul, bergelombang, bentuk sel ovoid dengan diameter sel 4,74 µm, memiliki budding cell, mampu memfermentasi glukosa dan sukrosa, tidak memfermentasi laktosa, serta tumbuh pada media glukosa 50%. Hasil BLAST menunjukkan bahwa isolat Ed 1B memiliki homologi 99% dengan Kodamaea ohmeri.Kata Kunci: identifikasi molekuler, isolasi, ITS, khamir, Saccharum officinarum L.","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116870372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METODE EKSTRAKSI DNA TANAMAN TANPA PRESIPITASI ETANOL UNTUK KEGIATAN POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)","authors":"Kristianto Nugroho, R. T. Terryana, Reflinur, Puji Lestari","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3082","url":null,"abstract":"A Simplified Plant DNA Extraction Protocol without Ethanol Precipitation for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Activities ABSTRACTMolecular-based research in agriculture includes DNA extraction stage involving DNA precipitation using ethanol or isopropanol which tends to take a long time. The purpose of this study was to obtain a plant DNA extraction method for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) activities without going through the ethanol precipitation stage. Five important agricultural commodity crops, namely rice, corn, soybeans, chilies, and shallots were extracted by DNA using the modified Doyle and Doyle method. After the extraction phase using chloroform and isoamil alcohol solvents, the supernatant obtained was not precipitated using ethanol but was directly diluted and used as a template in PCR activities using two pairs of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. The results showed that all samples could be well amplified, and amplicon tape visualized in both 1% agarose gel and 6% polyacrylamide gel were clearly visible. This method could save time and material, and reduce the dependence on liquid nitrogen. But this method is still limited to PCR requirements only, and cannot be used for activities that require high quality and quantity of DNA such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), digestion, and hybridization.Keywords: DNA extraction, ethanol precipitation, liquid nitrogen, PCR, SSR,  ABSTRAKPenelitian berbasis molekuler pada bidang pertanian mencakup tahapan ekstraksi DNA yang melibatkan presipitasi DNA menggunakan etanol atau isopropanol yang cenderung memakan waktu lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh metode ekstraksi DNA tanaman untuk kegiatan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tanpa melalui tahapan presipitasi etanol. Lima tanaman komoditas pertanian penting yaitu padi, jagung, kedelai, cabai, dan bawang merah diekstraksi DNA-nya menggunakan metode Doyle and Doyle yang dimodifikasi. Setelah tahap ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut kloroform dan isoamil alkohol, supernatan yang terbentuk tidak dipresipistasi menggunakan etanol melainkan langsung diencerkan dan digunakan sebagai template dalam kegiatan PCR menggunakan dua pasang marka Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel dapat teramplifikasi dengan baik serta pita hasil amplikon yang tervisualisasi baik pada gel agarosa 1% maupun gel poliakrilamid 6% terlihat jelas. Metode ini dapat menghemat waktu dan bahan serta mengurangi ketergantungan pemakaian nitrogen cair. Tetapi metode ini masih terbatas hanya untuk kebutuhan PCR saja dan tidak dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan yang membutuhkan DNA dengan kualitas serta kuantitas tinggi seperti Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), digesti, maupun hibridisasi.Kata Kunci: ekstraksi DNA, nitrogen cair, PCR, presipitasi etanol, SSR","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122404284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TELAAH METODE DIAGNOSIS CEPAT DAN PENGOBATAN INFEKSI Salmonella typhi","authors":"Dudi Hardianto","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.2935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.2935","url":null,"abstract":"Review on Rapid Diagnosis Method and Treatment of Salmonella typhi Infection ABSTRACTSalmonella is a genus of gram-negative bacilli which are pathogenic for human. Recently over 2,500 serotypes of Salmonella have been reported. Of these, the most common serotype causing typhoid fever which is acute infectious disease in small intestine due to S. typhi entering the body through contaminated food or drink. S. typhi infection remains a major public health concern worldwide because of the subsequent economic burden for the cost of surveillance, prevention, and treatment. In Indonesia, typhoid fever is an endemic disease that threatens public health and becomes a complex problem because it increases career cases and drug resistance, so its diagnosis is needed. Although there is already a diagnosis method of typhoid fever conventionally, a fast, easy and reliable diagnosis method is needed to diagnose typhoid fever by medical personnel in endemic countries. Typhoid fever is treated by antibiotics and prevention efforts are carried out through vaccination.Keywords: antibiotics, pathogen, rapid detection, Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever ABSTRAKSalmonella adalah bakteri basil gram negatif yang bersifat patogen terhadap manusia dan saat ini telah dilaporkan lebih dari 2.500 serotipe. Salah satu serotype Salmonella diketahui menyebabkan penyakit demam tifoid yaitu infeksi akut pada usus halus akibat S. typhi yang masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui makanan dan minuman yang tercemar. Infeksi S. typhi menjadi masalah utama dalam kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia karena bebani ekonomi yang ditimbulkannya untuk biaya pengawasan, pencegahan, dan pengobatan. Di Indonesia, demam tifoid merupakan penyakit endemis yang mengancam kesehatan masyarakat dan menjadi masalah kompleks karena demam tifoid meningkatkan kasus-kasus karier dan resistensi obat sehingga diperlukan diagnosisnya. Meskipun sudah ada diagnosis demam tifoid secara konvensional, tetapi diperlukan metode diagnosis yang cepat, mudah dan andal untuk mendeteksi demam tifoid oleh tenaga medis yang bekerja di negara-negara endemik. Demam tifoid diobati dengan pemberian antibiotika dan dilakukan upaya pencegahan melalui vaksinasi.Kata Kunci: antibiotika, demam tifoid, deteksi cepat, patogen, Salmonella typhi","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114674384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODUKSI LIPASE DARI ISOLAT KAPANG HASIL MUTASI UNTUK TRANSESTERIFIKASI","authors":"Galih Cendana Nabilasani, Trismilah Siswodarsono, Dadan Suhendar, Nisa Rachmania Mubarik","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3047","url":null,"abstract":"Lipase Production by Mutant Fungal Isolates for Transesterification ABSTRACTLipase is used amongst others in biodiesel production, namely in the transesterification reaction. Kernel B (KB) was a fungus isolated from the waste of palm kernel and seed. The fungus produced lipase that catalysed the transesterification reaction with a lower activity compared to that of AK Amano commercial lipase. The purpose of this study was to obtain mutant fungi with higher transesterification activities than the wild type (KB). The mutation process was carried out using ultraviolet (UV) light, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), and N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NMNG) on KB fungus. The mutations using UV light produced 11 isolates, of which isolate m4.1KB1 produced a higher transesterification activity (0.172 U·mg-1) compared to the wild type. Mutant m5.7KB, which was generated from mutant m4.1KB1 treated using EMS, had its transesterification activity decreased to only 0.051 U·mg-1. Mutant m6.0,3KB2, which was resulted through NMNG treatment, experienced an increase in transesterification activity which was 91.2% higher than that of KB.Keywords: ethyl methane sulfonate, lipase, mutant fungi, N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet ABSTRAKLipase dimanfaatkan salah satunya dalam produksi biodiesel, yaitu dalam reaksi transesterifikasi. Kernel B (KB) merupakan kapang yang diisolasi dari limbah inti dan biji kelapa sawit, yang menghasilkan lipase sebagai katalis dalam reaksi transesterifikasi. Namun aktivitas transesterifikasi yang dihasilkan oleh lipase dari KB lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan lipase komersial AK Amano. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan mutan kapang dengan aktivitas transesterifikasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe liarnya (KB). Proses mutasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan sinar ultraviolet (UV), ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), dan N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NMNG) terhadap kapang KB. Mutasi KB dengan menggunakan sinar UV menghasilkan 11 isolat, dimana isolat dengan kode m4.1KB1 menghasilkan aktivitas transesterifikasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe liar, yaitu 0,172 U·mg-1. Mutan m5.7KB, yang dihasilkan dari mutan m4.1KB1 dengan perlakuan EMS, mengalami penurunan aktivitas transesterifikasi hingga hanya sebesar 0,051 U·mg-1. Mutan m6.0,3KB2 hasil perlakuan NMNG mengalami peningkatan aktivitas transesterifikasi sebesar 91,2% lebih tinggi dari KB.Kata Kunci: ethyl methane sulfonate, kapang mutan, lipase, N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133514667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORFOLOGI SPORA DAN PERKEMBANGAN GAMETOFIT Davallia denticulata dan Davallia trichomanoides","authors":"Rezika Meliza, Tatik Chikmawati, Sulistijorini Sulistijorini","doi":"10.29122/jbbi.v6i1.2607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v6i1.2607","url":null,"abstract":"Spore Morphology and Gametophyte Development of Davallia denticulata and Davallia trichomanoidesABSTRACTDavallia denticulata and D. trichomanoides are two attractive and decorative fern species for ornamental. Spore morphology has an important role in fern taxonomy, while media composition has important role in the growth and development of their gametophytes. Such information on the two fern species was lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the information of the spore morphology and gametophyte developmental stages of D. denticulata and D. trichomanoides on three different media. The spores were collected from Bogor, West Java. The spores were sown in three sterile media. Spore morphology and gametophyte development were observed under a stereoscopic microscope. Both gametophyte species reached their mature stage at 25 weeks after planting on the different media compositions. D. denticulata showed the best gametophyte development, and formed mature gametophytes on the media of vermiculite, sphagnum moss, and perlite, while D. trichomanoides grew best into maturity stage on the media containing vermiculite, and sphagnum moss. Thus, the presence of sphagnum moss in the media is an important material for the growth and development of Davallia gametophyte.Keywords: Davallia, development, gametophyte, growth, media  ABSTRAKDavallia denticulata dan D. trichomanoides merupakan dua spesies tumbuhan paku yang menarik dan indah untuk tanaman hias. Morfologi spora memiliki arti penting dalam taksonomi tumbuhan paku, sedangkan komposisi media berperan penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gametofitnya. Informasi seputar hal ini terkait dua spesies tumbuhan paku tersebut belumlah ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap informasi mengenai ciri morfologi spora dan tahapan perkembangan gametofit D. denticulata dan D. trichomanoides pada tiga komposisi media berbeda. Pengambilan spora dilakukan di Bogor, Jawa Barat. Spora ditumbuhkan pada tiga media steril. Morfologi spora dan perkembangan gametofit diamati menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Kedua spesies memiliki waktu perkembangan terbaik untuk mencapai tahap gametofit dewasa yaitu 25 minggu pada komposisi media yang berbeda. D. denticulata berkembang dengan baik, dan membentuk gametofit dewasa pada media vermiculite, lumut sphagnum, dan perlite. D. trichomanoides berkembang hingga tahap gametofit dewasa dengan baik pada media vermiculite, dan lumut sphagnum. Dengan demikian keberadaan lumut sphagnum pada media sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gametofit Davallia.Kata Kunci: Davallia, gametofit, media, perkembangan, pertumbuhan","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129073825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENINGKATAN KUALITAS BIJI KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L) MELALUI FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN Lactobacillus sp. dan Pichia kudriavzevii","authors":"Anja Meryandini, A. Basri, Titin Sunarti","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V6I1.3048","url":null,"abstract":"The Improvement of Cacao Beans Quality through Fermentation by Using Lactobacillus sp. and Pichia kudriavzeviiABSTRACTIndonesia is one of the main cacao producers in the world. Indonesian cacao product is, however, relatively of low quality. Quality improvement of cacao beans is thus needed to increase added value of the product through such method as fermentation using bacteria and yeast. This study was conducted using four fermentation treatments, namely F1 (spontaneous fermentation without the addition of inoculum), F2 (addition of lactic acid bacteria inoculum), F3 (addition of yeast inoculum), F4 (addition of mixed lactic acid bacteria and yeast inoculum). The fermentation was carried out for 5 days. The parameters measured were the microbial cell number, pH, ethanol, total reducing sugar, and total acid concentration, as well as cacao seed quality. Results showed that, compared to the other treatments, the F4 treatment gave the best result, namely 83% of the cacao seeds being fermented, 2% non-fermented, 14% unfermented, 1% moldy, and 2% germinated. The liquid produced during the fermentation contained the highest reducing sugar of 123.38 mg·mL-1, the highest total acid of 24.42 mg·mL-1, and 3.57% ethanol.Keywords: cacao beans, fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, starter, yeast ABSTRAKIndonesia adalah salah satu penghasil kakao utama di dunia. Namun berdasarkan mutu, produk kakao Indonesia masih relatif tergolong rendah. Peningkatan kualitas biji kakao diperlukan untuk memberikan nilai tambah pada produk melalui metode seperti fermentasi menggunakan bakteri dan khamir. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan empat perlakuan fermentasi yaitu F1 (fermentasi secara spontan tanpa penambahan inokulum), F2 (dengan penambahan inokulum bakteri asam laktat (BAL)), F3 (dengan penambahan inokulum khamir), F4 (dengan penambahan inokulum campuran bakteri asam laktat dan khamir). Fermentasi dilakukan selama 5 hari, dan parameter yang diukur selama fermentasi adalah jumlah mikroba, pH, kadar etanol, gula pereduksi, total asam serta kualitas biji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa, dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, perlakuan F4 memberikan hasil terbaik yaitu 83% biji terfermentasi, 2% tidak terfermentasi, 14% terfermentasi sebagian, 1% berjamur, dan 2% berkecambah. Cairan fermentasi tersebut mengandung gula reduksi yang paling tinggi 123,38 mg·mL-1, total asam tertinggi 24,42 mg·mL-1, dan kadar etanol mencapai 3,57%.Kata Kunci: bakteri asam laktat (BAL), biji kakao, fermentasi, khamir, starter","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114927761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}