Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)最新文献

{"title":"KARAKTERISTIK FISIK PAKAN IKAN APUNG NON-EKSTRUSI YANG DIBUAT MELALUI FERMENTASI Rhizopus oryzae","authors":"Asep Badru Zaman, Catur Sriherwanto, Etyn Yunita, I. Suja’i","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V5I1.2793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V5I1.2793","url":null,"abstract":"Physical Characteristics of Non-Extruded Floating Fish Feed Produced through Rhizopus oryzae Fermentation ABSTRACTTo reduce the feed production cost of floating fish feed, an innovative method which is cheaper, easier, and simpler compared to the use of extruder machine is needed to provide buoyancy to fish feed. This research was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of floating fish feed prepared through fermention using Rhizopus oryzae on the mixed substrate consisting of commercial sinking fish feed, cassava bagasse, and Lemna minor. The resulting fermented feed was subsequently compared with commercial sinking fish feed in terms of its water stability, absorption, and floatability. The water stability curves of both feed types showed a similar pattern for 20 hours. Both decreased dramatically in the first 0.5 hours, from 100% to 81% for the fermented feed, and to 83% for the commercial feed. The shape of a 40-minute water absorption curve for both feed types was very similar. The fermented feed absorbed water nearly 4 times its initial dry weight, while commercial feed up to about twice as much as its initial dry weight. For three hours, both fermented and commercial floating pellets stayed afloat 100% without sinking. Thus, fermentation using R. oryzae deserves further development as an alternative way to provide buoyancy to fish feed.Keywords: floatability, floating feed, sinking feed, water absorption, water stability ABSTRAKUntuk menekan biaya produksi pakan ikan apung, diperlukan inovasi pengapungan pakan ikan yang lebih murah, mudah, dan sederhana dibandingkan dengan penggunaan mesin ekstruder. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik pakan apung hasil fermentasi menggunakan kapang Rhizopus oryzae pada substrat campuran pakan tenggelam komersial, onggok, dan Lemna minor. Pakan fermentasi ini lalu dibandingkan dengan pakan apung komersial dalam hal stabilitas dalam air, absorbsi air, dan daya apung. Stabilitas dalam air kedua jenis pakan memiliki pola yang mirip selama 20 jam. Stabilitas keduanya menurun drastis pada 0,5 jam pertama, dari 100% ke 81% untuk pakan apung fermentasi, dan ke 83% untuk pakan apung komersial. Bentuk kurva absorpsi air selama 40 menit untuk kedua jenis pakan sangatlah mirip. Pakan apung fermentasi menyerap air hampir 4 kali bobot kering awalnya, sedangkan pakan apung komersial hingga sekitar 2 kali bobot kering awalnya. Selama tiga jam, baik pakan apung fermentasi maupun komersial mengapung 100% tanpa tenggelam. Jadi, fermentasi menggunakan R. oryzae layak dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai cara pengapungan alternatif pakan ikan.Kata Kunci: daya apung, daya serap air, stabilitas dalam air, pakan apung, pakan tenggelam","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117084333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEKOLORISASI PEWARNA TEKSTIL SUMIFIX BLUE DAN REACTIVE RED 2 OLEH BAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI LIMBAH INDUSTRI TEKSTIL","authors":"Intan Permatasari, Rully Adi Nugroho, V. I. Meitiniarti","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V5I1.2757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V5I1.2757","url":null,"abstract":"Decolorization of Sumifix Blue and Reactive Red 2 Textile Dyes by Microbes Isolated from Textile Waste WaterAzo dyes represent the most commonly used group of dyes in textile industry and discharged into industrial effluents worldwide. Aims of this study are to isolate microbe from textile waste water and to determine their ability to decolorize Sumifix Blue and Reactive Red 2 textile dyes. Microbe was isolated from textile effluent of PT Timatex, Salatiga. The activity for decolorization was assayed by inoculating microbial isolates into dye containing medium. Living and nonliving cell were incubated in dye containing medium in order to determine if microbial cells involved in decolorizing dye. Five different microbial isolates have been isolated from textile waste water.  Isolates IBLTT_1 and IBLTT_5 showed the highest activity to decolorize Sumifix Blue, and only isolate IBLTT_1 showed the highest capability in decolorizing Reactive Red 2. Both isolates indicated positive potential towards biotreatment of textile waste water. Further results confirmed that decolorization was due to biodegradation, rather than physical adsorption by inactive cells.Keywords: decolorization, microbial isolation, Reactive Red 2, Sumifix Blue, textile effluent ABSTRAKPewarna azo mewakili kelompok pewarna yang umum digunakan pada industri tekstil dan banyak dijumpai di buangan limbah industri tekstil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat dari limbah tekstil dan untuk mengetahui kemampuannya dalam mendekolorisasi pewarna tekstil Sumifix Blue dan Reactive Red 2. Sampel diperoleh dari limbah industri tekstil PT Timatex, Salatiga. Uji kemampuan dekolorisasi dilakukan dengan menginokulasikan isolat mikroba ke dalam medium Nutrient Broth yang mengandung pewarna. Untuk mengetahui apakah sel mikroba terlibat dalam dekolorisasi pewarna, maka sel hidup dan mati diinokulasi pada medium tersebut. Lima isolat yang berbeda diperoleh dalam penelitian ini. Isolat IBLTT_1 dan IBLTT_5 merupakan isolat dengan kemampuan dekolorisasi Sumifix Blue tertinggi. Isolat IBLTT_1 juga merupakan isolat dengan kemampuan dekolorisasi Reactive Red 2 tertinggi. Kedua isolat tersebut menunjukkan potensi positif terhadap pengolahan limbah tekstil. Hasil lebih lanjut menegaskan bahwa dekolorisasi Sumifix Blue dan Reactive Red 2 disebabkan oleh proses biodegradasi, bukan diadsorpsi oleh sel yang mati.Kata kunci: dekolorisasi, isolat mikroba, limbah tekstil, Reactive Red 2, Sumifix Blue","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"42 1-8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123418106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KARAKTERISTIK DAN SIFAT KINETIKA ENZIM KITINASE ASAL JAMUR ENTOMOPATOGEN Beauveria bassiana","authors":"N. E. Elawati, S. Pujiyanto, E. Kusdiyantini","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V5I1.2587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V5I1.2587","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristics and Kinetics of Chitinase Enzyme from Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassianaBeauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogenic fungi that produces chitinase when infecting the host. Chitinase is widely used as biocontrol agents because it can degrade chitin into an environmentally friendly product. This study aims to characterize and test the kinetics of chitinase from B. bassiana. This characterization includes determination of pH and optimum temperature, enzyme stability and enzyme kinetics test by determining Km and Vmax value with Lineweaver-Burk equations. The result of experiment showed that the chitinase B. bassiana had pH and optimum temperature of 5 and 40ºC respectively. This enzyme was stable until 90 minutes incubation at 40ºC. The Km and Vmax values were 0.181 mg/L and 0.022 mg/L.sec respectively. The Km value is higher than Vmax, which means the affinity of the enzyme to the lower substrate requiring high substrate concentration to increase the reaction rate. It can be concluded that the chitinase activity of B. bassiana is still low.Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, characteristics and kinetics, chitinase enzyme, entomopathogenic, Lineweaver-BurkABSTRAKBeauveria bassiana merupakan salah satu jamur entomopatogen yang memproduksi kitinase saat menginfeksi inangnya. Enzim kitinase saat ini banyak digunakan sebagai agen biokontrol karena dapat mendegradasi kitin menjadi produk yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi dan menguji kinetika enzim kitinase asal jamur B. bassiana. Metode yang digunakan dalam karakterisasi ini mencakup penentuan pH dan suhu optimum, kestabilan enzim pada suhu optimumnya, dan uji kinetika enzim yang mencakup penentuan nilai Km dan Vmaks dengan persamaan Lineweaver-Burk. Hasil penelitian karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa enzim kitinase B. bassiana mempunyai pH dan suhu optimum masing-masing 5 dan 40ºC. Enzim ini stabil sampai pada 90 menit inkubasi pada suhu 40ºC. Nilai Km diperoleh 0,181 mg/L dan Vmaks sebesar 0,022 mg/L.detik. Nilai Km lebih tinggi daripada Vmaks, yang artinya afinitas enzim terhadap substrat rendah sehingga membutuhkan konsentrasi substrat yang tinggi untuk meningkatkan kecepatan reaksi, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas kitinase dari B. bassiana masih tergolong rendah.Kata kunci: Beauveria bassiana, entomopatogen, enzim kitinase, karakteristik dan kinetik, Lineweaver-Burk","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"5 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121280893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALISIS FILOGENETIK BEBERAPA KLON KARET DENGAN MARKA AFLP (AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM)","authors":"Juniza Firdha Suparningtyas, Okky Dwi Pramudyawardhani, D. Purwoko, Teuku Tajuddin","doi":"10.29122/jbbi.v5i1.2544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v5i1.2544","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Rubber Tree Clones using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) MarkerNational rubber productivity is lower than other rubber producing countries in the world. The DNA marker-based plant breeding program is required to increase latex production and other superior characters. Breeding process by identifying genetic diversity can be done using AFLP marker. The aim of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic six rubber clones. Pre-amplification and amplification process were performed using 64 primer pair combinations followed by electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide gel. A total of 2806 AFLP fragments have been detected. Phylogenetic tree of six clones showed 60% of genetic similarity, which was consisted of two groups. GT 1 clone in the first group and was separated from other clones in the second group. Sub-group at the phylogenetic peak contained IRR 104 and RRIM 600 clones with genetic similarity of 74%. The information obtained from this study showed the genetic diversity of the six rubber clones. The unique bands were obtained as marker specific which could be used to identify clones.Keywords: AFLP, DNA marker, phylogenetic tree, polymorphism, rubber clones ABSTRAKProduktivitas karet nasional masih lebih rendah dibanding dengan negara-negara penghasil karet lainnya di dunia. Diperlukan program pemuliaan tanaman karet yang berbasis marka DNA untuk meningkatkan produksi lateks serta karakter unggul lainnya. Proses pemuliaan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik bisa dilakukan dengan marka AFLP. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis filogenetik enam klon karet berdasarkan produktivitasnya. Proses pre-amplifikasi dan amplifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan 64 kombinasi pasangan primer yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis hasil elektroforesis pada gel poliakrilamid 6%. Sebanyak 2806 pita AFLP telah dihasilkan. Kekerabatan keenam klon menunjukkan kemiripan genetik sebesar 60%. Pohon filogenetik membentuk dua kelompok, yang memisahkan GT 1 dengan klon-klon lainnya. Sub-kelompok pada puncak filogenetik terdiri dari klon IRR 104 dan RRIM 600 dengan kemiripan genetik sebesar 74%. Informasi yang diperoleh telah menunjukkan keragaman genetik keenam klon karet yang bersifat polimorfis. Diperoleh pita-pita unik dari pasangan primer tertentu yang dapat berperan sebagai marka spesifik dan dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi klon.Kata Kunci: AFLP, klon karet, marka DNA, pohon filogenetik, polimorfisme","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115433997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MANURE UNGGAS: SUPLEMEN PAKAN ALTERNATIF DAN DAMPAK TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN","authors":"Yanuartono Yanuartono, Alfarisa Nururrozi, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto, Nurman Haribowo, Hary Purnamaningsih, Slamet Raharjo","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V5I2.2775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V5I2.2775","url":null,"abstract":"Manure Poultry: Alternative Feed Supplements and Impacts on the EnvironmentABSTRACTThe increase in protein demand is now of serious concern as the human population is forecasted to rise to as much as 9.6 billion by 2050. The poultry industry is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors of livestock production in the world. Increased production results in increased sewage so that the impact on the emergence of environmental problems associated with increased air pollution, water, and soil. The sustainability of animal feeds is crucial in the development of livestock production systems, and feed efficiency can be improved by reusing poultry waste in livestock diets, thus diminishing the use of feed grains. There are several ways of disposing of poultry waste including burial, incineration, composting, fertilizer or source of biogas energy and feed for livestock. Poultry manure is a rich source of lignocelluloses, polysaccharides, proteins, minerals, and other biological materials. It is currently expected some problems can be overcome by utilizing poultry manure waste as an alternative feed source for livestock. This paper aims to review the negative effects of excessive chicken manure and its benefits as an alternative feed for livestock and fish.Keywords: alternative feed, livestock, pollution, poultry industry, poultry manure ABSTRAKKenaikan permintaan protein menjadi perhatian serius karena populasi manusia diperkirakan akan meningkat menjadi sebanyak 9,6 miliar orang pada tahun 2050. Industri perunggasan merupakan salah satu sektor produksi ternak terbesar dan tercepat di dunia. Meningkatnya hasil produksi tersebut akan menambah jumlah limbah sehingga berdampak pada munculnya masalah lingkungan yang terkait dengan peningkatan polusi udara, air dan tanah. Ketersediaan pakan hewan secara berkesinambungan sangat penting dalam pengembangan sistem produksi ternak dan efisiensi pakan dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan kembali limbah unggas sebagai bahan pakan ternak, sehingga mengurangi penggunaan biji-bijian sebagai sumber pakan. Ada beberapa metode mengurangi jumlah manure ayam termasuk penguburan, insinerasi, pengomposan, pemupukan atau sumber energi biogas dan pakan ternak. Kotoran unggas adalah sumber lignoselulosa, polisakarida, protein, mineral dan bahan biologi lainnya. Saat ini diperkirakan beberapa permasalahan bisa diatasi dengan memanfaatkan limbah manure unggas sebagai sumber pakan alternatif bagi ternak. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak negatif dari manure ayam yang berlebihan dan manfaatnya sebagai pakan alternatif untuk ternak dan ikan.Kata Kunci: industri perunggasan, manure ayam, pakan alternatif, polusi, ternak","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126176781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KERAGAMAN GENETIK 22 AKSESI PADI LOKAL TORAJA UTARA BERBASIS MARKA SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (SSR)","authors":"Holy Ekklesia Ladjao, Rinaldi Sjahril, M. Riadi","doi":"10.29122/JBBI.V5I2.3031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29122/JBBI.V5I2.3031","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic Diversity of 22 Local Rice Accessions from North Toraja Based on Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) MarkersABSTRACTOne way to explore the potential of local rice is by the characterization that could obtain genetic diversity of that plants. The aim of this study was to obtain the genetic diversity of 22 local rice accession from North Toraja. Twenty-two of local rice accessions from North Toraja were characterized by 30 SSR markers and using NTSYS pc 2.1 program to analyze genetic diversity. The results showed that twenty-six SSR markers that had been analyzed produced some alelles with a size between 106.75-311 bp, the average number of alleles were 3 and the polymorphism rate was 0.53. On coefficient genetic similarity at 0.38, the population formed three clusters. Cluster I and II were dominated by rice that had no hair on the tip of the grain and cluster III were dominated by rice that had hair on the tip of the grain. There were 105 opportunities to crossing between accessions when the genetic distance was above 0.7.Keywords: genetic diversity, local rice, North Toraja, polymorphism rate, SSR markers ABSTRAKSalah satu cara untuk menggali potensi padi lokal adalah dengan karakterisasi. Dengan adanya kegiatan karakterisasi tersebut maka dapat diketahui bagaimana keragaman genetik dari suatu tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik dari 22 aksesi padi lokal Toraja Utara. Duapuluh dua aksesi padi lokal Toraja Utara dikarakterisasi menggunakan 30 marka SSR dan dianalisis keragaman genetiknya menggunakan program NTSYS pc 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa duapuluh enam marka SSR yang dianalisis memiliki kisaran ukuran alel antara 106.75-311 bp, dengan jumlah alel rata-rata 3 dan tingkat polimorfisme sebesar 0,53. Koefisien kemiripan genetik 0,38 dan terbentuk 3 klaster. Pada klaster I dan klaster II didominasi oleh padi yang tidak memiliki rambut pada ujung gabahnya, dan pada klaster III didominasi oleh padi yang memiliki rambut pada ujung gabahnya. Selain itu, pada jarak genetik diatas 0,7 terdapat 105 peluang persilangan.Kata Kunci: keragaman genetik, marka SSR, padi lokal, tingkat polimorfisme, Toraja Utara","PeriodicalId":231498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125580186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}