Transactions of the ASABE最新文献

{"title":"Using LiDAR to Measure Alfalfa Canopy Height","authors":"S. T. Sheffield, J. Dvorak, Bolling W. Smith, Cynthia Arnold, Cameron Minch","doi":"10.13031/trans.14492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.14492","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsModels using LiDAR measurements and field observations as predictors can accurately predict alfalfa canopy height.The most efficient model used only the 95th percentile of LiDAR-measured height to estimate canopy height.Adding field observations of weed, insect, and disease pressure only marginally improved the predictive models.Abstract. Alfalfa is a popular crop that is grown worldwide because it is a nutritious feed for livestock and fixes nitrogen in the soil. Profitable alfalfa production greatly relies on monitoring the status of the alfalfa crop. Traditionally, producers have used crop assessment techniques that rely on manual measurements of alfalfa plant height, which can be used to predict nutritive quality and yield. These manual measurements are often labor-intensive and provide low-resolution data that is not acceptable for field-scale monitoring. The goal of this study was to assess the capability of a simple LiDAR setup to accurately estimate the average canopy height of an alfalfa crop. To achieve this goal, we first developed predictive models of alfalfa canopy height using LiDAR-derived measurements as predictor variables. Second, we assessed the accuracies of the models and compared the properties of each model. Third, we determined the optimal LiDAR-derived measurements to use to accurately predict average alfalfa canopy height. The data used in our models were collected in two separate fields planted with two different cultivars of alfalfa. Data collection was performed on five dates spanning one entire growth cycle during the summer of 2019. A simple single-beam LiDAR sensor was used to scan the canopy of sample plots within the fields. Manual measurements of plant height and field observations of insect, disease, and weed pressure were also recorded. Of the data used in the predictive models, the 95th percentile of LiDAR-measured height was found to be the optimal predictor for estimating alfalfa canopy height. Using the 95th percentile as a single predictor in a linear regression model of measured average canopy height resulted in an R2 of 0.90 and RMSE of 4.5 cm. Two other linear regression models using a combination of LiDAR measurements and LiDAR measurements with alfalfa health observations, respectfully, were developed for comparison. These models exhibited marginally better accuracies but required more inputs than the model only using the 95th percentile. This study shows how simple LiDAR configurations can be used for timely collection of accurate alfalfa canopy height data. From our findings, we suggest using the 95th percentile of LiDAR-derived canopy height to estimate alfalfa canopy height. This study lays the groundwork for research into more advanced LiDAR configurations for alfalfa applications, such as LiDAR-equipped UAVs. Keywords: Alfalfa, Canopy height, LiDAR.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74131015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static and Dynamic Space Usage of Late-Gestation Sows","authors":"S. Leonard, H. Xin, B. Ramirez, John P. Stinn, Somak Dutta, Kai Liu, T. Brown-Brandl","doi":"10.13031/TRANS.14002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/TRANS.14002","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsA calibration procedure was conducted using a Kinect V2 to convert image pixels to physical measurements.A total of 61 sows were observed, and their static and dynamic space usage was measured from depth images.Equations were developed to predict the length, width, and height of sow space usage.Abstract. The amount of space provided to individually housed sows has both financial and animal welfare implications. Many U.S. swine producers use stall dimensions based on recommendations published in the 1980s (length × width × height: 2.13 m × 0.61 m × 1.00 m). Limited empirical data are available concerning the space allocation needed to accommodate modern sows housed in stalls during breeding, gestation, or farrowing. This study used a time-of-flight depth sensor to quantify static and dynamic space usage of 61 modern sows in late gestation. A calibration equation was developed to convert image pixels to physical dimensions. Statistical models were developed to relate the length, width, and height of sow space usage to body weight. The dimensions of sow space usage were then predicted. Results showed that free choice space usage of average (228 kg) sows was 1.96 m × 1.15 m × 0.93 m (length × width × height). For 95th percentile (267 kg) sows, space usage was 2.04 m × 1.12 m × 0.95 m. The width of space usage was primarily attributed to sow body depth when lying recumbent and the dynamic space used for transitioning between postures. These results help to inform future gestating and farrowing sow housing designs. Further work is needed to understand how restrictions on sow space usage may impact sow welfare and production performance, as well as the space needed to perform behaviors such as defecating, feeding, and turning around. Keywords: Animal welfare, Computer vision, Farrowing stall, Gestation stall, Kinect V2, Space allowance.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85693941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Navigation Method Based on an Adaptive Federal Kalman Filter for a Rice Transplanter","authors":"Liao Juan, Wang Yao, Yin Junnan, Bi Lingling, Zhang Shun, Huiyu Zhou, Zhu Dequan","doi":"10.13031/TRANS.13682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/TRANS.13682","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights A GPS/INS/VNS integrated navigation system to improve navigation accuracy. An adaptive federal Kalman filter with the adaptive information distribution factor to fuse navigation information.  Detection of seedling row lines based on sub-regional feature points clustering. A modified rice transplanter as an automatic navigation experimental platform. In this study, a global positioning system (GPS)/inertial navigation system (INS)/visual navigation system (VNS)-integrated navigation method based on an adaptive federal Kalman filter (KF) was presented to improve positioning accuracy for rice transplanter operating in paddy field. The proposed method used GPS/VNS to aid INS and reduce the influence of the accumulated error of the INS on navigation accuracy. An adaptive federal KF algorithm was designed to fuse navigation information from different sensors. The information distribution factor of each local filter was obtained adaptively on the basis of its own error covariance matrix. Computer simulation and the transplanter test were conducted to verify the proposed method. Results showed that the proposed method could provide accurate and reliable navigation information outputs, and achieve better navigation performance compared with that of single GPS navigation and integrated method based traditional federal KF.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"43 1","pages":"389-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85768286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Protein Digestibility of Brown Rice after High-Pressure Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Germination-Parboiling Treatments","authors":"Hao Wang, Songming Zhu, H. Ramaswamy, L. Ting, Yong Yu","doi":"10.13031/trans.14314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.14314","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsFTC-4 treated brown rice showed better protein digestibility.BR-AAS was used to evaluate the nutritive value of released free amino acids.G24P treated brown rice is recommended to supplement amino acid intake in a daily diet.Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro protein digestibility of brown rice (BR) after high-pressure (HP), freeze-thaw cycle (FTC), and germination-parboiling (GP) treatments. Four-cycle freeze-thaw (FTC-4) treatment enhanced digestibility, and all treated BR released more essential and total amino acids after digestion. To evaluate the nutritive value of free amino acids released after digestion (on the premise of the same intake of BR products), a BR amino acid score (BR-AAS) was used, based on the patterns of protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores with modifications. Results suggested that BR treated with 24 h of germination followed by 10 min of parboiling (G24P) was a better choice for supplementing amino acid intake in a daily diet. All treatments resulted in decreased protein solubility, which was negatively correlated with surface hydrophobicity and disulfide bond contents. The HP, FTC, and GP treatments affected certain protein properties, which was helpful in explaining the differences in protein digestibility of BR. Changes in other constituents were considered important with respect to the treatment influence on protein digestibility. Keywords: Brown rice, Freeze-thaw cycles, Germination-parboiling, High-pressure, Protein in vitro digestibility.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86528388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Biomimetic Press Roller Type, Material, Velocity, and Packing Force on Soil Compaction Characteristics","authors":"Qingzhu Zhang, Bing Li, Yunjie Xu, Jinbo Zhang, Mo Li, Jin Tong","doi":"10.13031/trans.14135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.14135","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsThe performance of biomimetic rollers was better than that of a conventional roller.The biomimetically ridged roller had better soil compaction performance.The resistance order of rollers with different materials was: Fe360A steel > UHMWPE > enamel coating.Packing force was the most significant factor.Abstract. To reduce soil adhesion and rolling resistance during seeding and improve the uniformity of plant spacing, a biomimetically ridged press roller (BRPR) and a biomimetically polyhedral press roller (BPPR) were designed. Moreover, hydrophobic materials, i.e., ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and enamel coating, were applied and compared with uncoated Fe360A steel. Field experiments were conducted to test the effects of the biomimetic press roller type, material, velocity, and packing force on soil compaction characteristics. A conventional press roller (CPR) was used as a reference. Traction resistance (TR), soil bulk density (SBD), soil moisture content (SMC), emergence rate (ER), and percent change of plant spacing (PCPS) were measured. The packing force was the most significant factor affecting each index. For all rollers, the TR, SBD, ER, and PCPS increased with increasing packing force, while the loss of SMC decreased. The TR and SBD decreased with increasing velocity. All rollers achieved proper SBD for corn seeds. The biomimetic press rollers had a significant effect on TR, PCPS, and SMC on the third day after sowing. The BRPR had lower PCPS and TR than the BPPR and higher SMC than the BPPR on the third day after sowing. Compared with the CPR, the PCPS for all biomimetic rollers decreased, and the ER and SMC increased. The BPPR with Fe360A steel had a slightly higher TR than the CPR, but the other biomimetic rollers had a lower TR than the CPR. The BRPR decreased the TR by 2.13% to 22.30%, while the BPPR decreased the TR by 0.35% to 18.59%. Moreover, both types of biomimetic press rollers had the highest TR values when using Fe360A steel, followed by UHMWPE, and the enamel coating had the lowest TR values. The BRPR decreased the PCPS by 19.46% to 48.34%, while the BPPR decreased the PCPS by 9.69% to 36.99%. The biomimetic rollers increased the ER by 2.17% to 11.36%. On the 18th day after sowing, the SMC was 4.21% to 7.75% higher for the biomimetic press rollers compared to the CPR when the packing force was 700 N. This study can provide a reference for the biomimetic design, material, and force selection of press rollers. Keywords: Biomimetics, Compaction characteristics, Enamel coating, Press roller, UHMWPE.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83436693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Rare Earth Elements as Tracers of Fluvial Processes: Fine Sediment Transport and Deposition in a Small Stream","authors":"H. Govenor, W. Hession, T. Keys, C. N. Jones, R. Stewart, L. Krometis","doi":"10.13031/TRANS.14358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/TRANS.14358","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsNatural sediments labeled with rare earth elements can effectively be used as tracers for quantifying fine sediment transport and deposition.Two artificial floods in a small stream (100 ha watershed, 1.5 year return flow of 515 L s-1) transported fine sediment 0 m to >850 m at a maximum flow rate of 55 L s-1.Sediment deposition per unit area was greater in the channel than in the near-channel floodplain.Use of two distinct tracers demonstrated resuspension extent during sequential high-flow events.Presence of large wood in the channel was associated with reduced streamflow rate, decreased suspended sediment transport velocity, increased channel sediment deposition, and reduced near-floodplain sediment deposition.Abstract. Effective sediment management requires an understanding of the lag time between best management practice implementation and observable changes in the target water body. To improve our understanding of sediment lag times, we tested a method to label locally sourced sediments with rare earth elements to quantify fine sediment flow-through and storage in fluvial systems. We injected sediments labeled with lanthanum and ytterbium into a small stream during two artificial flood events. During the floods, we collected and quantified suspended sediments and sediment deposition in the stream channel and floodplain at four cross-sections within our study reach. Two down-gradient (90 m and 850 m) time-integrated suspended sediment samplers evaluated total travel distance. Sediment tracer observations of particle transport distances ranged from 0 m to at least 850 m at a maximum flow rate of 55 L s-1 (stream 1.5 year flow was 515 L s-1). Sediment deposition per unit area was greater in the channel than in the floodplain. The majority of sediment tracer mass injected into the stream entered storage within the first 69 m of the reach. Some particles that deposited following the first flood were resuspended and either transported downstream or redeposited within the study reach. Our results support the further use of rare earth elements as sediment tracers to inform water quality and sediment transport models, and to provide estimates of lag times between management actions and downstream improvements. Keywords: Fine sediment, Flood, Fluvial geomorphology, Lag time, Large wood, Rare earth elements, Sediment deposition, Sediment transport, Tracer.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"71 1","pages":"905-918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85885427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable-Rate Irrigation Uniformity Model for Linear-Move Sprinkler Systems","authors":"Junping Liu, Umair Gull, D. Putnam, Isaya Kisekka","doi":"10.13031/trans.14313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.14313","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsUsing different nozzle sizes on a linear-move sprinkler irrigation system is a simple method for implementing VRI.This study established a variable-rate sprinkler irrigation model for a linear-move system with different nozzles.Uniformity parameters were predicted for different tests, and prediction accuracy ranged from 1.6% to 13.0%.The simulation model can be applied to other sprinkler systems with variable-rate irrigation.Abstract. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) can vary the application rate by either changing the amount of water flowing through sprinkler nozzles (zone control) or varying the speed of a moving irrigation system across parts of a field, referred to as speed/sector control. The uniformity of sprinkler irrigation in each management zone under VRI directly affects crop growth and yield. The use of different nozzle diameters on a linear-move sprinkler irrigation system is a simple and affordable method for achieving VRI. There are few studies on modeling the uniformity of VRI on linear-move sprinkler irrigation systems. In this study, a cubic spline difference-value model was used to simulate the variable-rate water distribution and uniformity of a linear-move system. Nine tests were designed to evaluate VRI uniformity with different nozzle diameters. A simulation and corresponding field experiments were carried out. The application rate of the simulation model was higher than the experimental values because of wind drift. The uniformity coefficients of the simulation with nozzle diameters of 1.98, 2.97, and 4.17 mm in tests 1, 2, and 3 were 86.56%, 85.24%, and 79.94%, respectively. The uniformity coefficients of the VRI simulations with combinations of nozzle diameters in tests 4 through 9 were 76.89%, 80.70%, 76.67%, 69.58%, 76.64%, and 81.87%, respectively. The smallest error between the simulation and experiment was 1.6%, and the largest error was 13.0%. The simulation model and prediction method can be applied to other sprinkler irrigation systems. Keywords: Linear move, Simulation model, Sprinkler irrigation, Uniformity, VRI.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84888532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bank Stabilization Structures on Upstream and Downstream Bank Mobilization at Cedar River, Nebraska","authors":"Matthew V. Russell, A. Mittelstet, R. Joeckel, J. Korus, C. Castro-Bolinaga","doi":"10.13031/trans.14551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.14551","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsStabilization structures are only effective at stabilized segments.Erosion increased in two of the six segments in the post-stabilization period.Deposition decreased in all six segments in the post-stabilization period.Jetties are effective at reducing erosion but are also prone to fail.Abstract. The effectiveness of streambank stabilization structures is insufficiently quantified. Although such structures clearly reduce or eliminate streambank erosion at the local scale, little is known about associated effects on unstabilized reaches immediately upstream and downstream. This study measured streambank erosion and deposition in stretches of the Cedar River, 1.5 meander wavelengths upstream and downstream from 24 stabilization structures that included jetties, rock vanes, root wads, and gravel protection. We also measured erosion and deposition on the streambanks directly opposite the stabilized locations. We compared measurements from the pre-stabilization period (1993-2005) with those from the post-stabilization period (2005-2018) using historical imagery in ArcGIS. Upon completion of this analysis, we were able to reject an initial hypothesis that local and adjacent streambank segment erosion rates would be significantly less after stabilization, and that deposition rates would be greater in stabilized locations and adjacent stream segments. Instead, the differences in erosion from pre- to post-stabilization showed little or no statistical significance. Rather, our data indicated that streambank erosion decreased in only four of the six stream segments and was predominantly confined to the stabilized segment. Overall deposition decreased in all six stream segments after bank stabilization. In reaches where wooden jetties were installed, partial or total failure was common, and further increases in erosion and decreases in deposition were more pronounced. We conclude that streambank stabilization on the Cedar River is effective only at the location of installation; there is no measurable effect on adjacent unstabilized reaches. Our results demonstrate the need for improved streambank monitoring practices and better understanding of how streambank stabilization impacts an entire river system. Such advances will enhance stream restoration design and implementation, as well as support future river management efforts. Keywords: Adjacent stream reach, Deposition, Jetty, Erosion, Streambank stabilization.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85067855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontier: Autonomy in Detection, Actuation, and Planning for Robotic Weeding Systems","authors":"P. Pandey, H. Dakshinamurthy, Sierra N. Young","doi":"10.13031/TRANS.14085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/TRANS.14085","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsRecent research and development efforts center around developing smaller, portable robotic weeding systems.Deep learning methods have resulted in accurate, fast, and robust weed detection and identification.Additional key technologies under development include precision actuation and multi-vehicle planning. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Automated systems, Automated weeding, Weed control.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"1 1","pages":"557-563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85416041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Properties Predict Wheat Leaf Moisture","authors":"Yumei Hao, Yuantao Hua, Xu Li, Xianqiang Gao, Ji-Ling Chen","doi":"10.13031/TRANS.14210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/TRANS.14210","url":null,"abstract":"HighlightsA non-destructive prediction model for moisture content of wheat leaves was established based on electrical properties.The model based on a single property (capacitance or resistance) was improved by using both properties.The model accurately detected the moisture content of wheat leaves in real-time to avoid irrigation lag.The results provide a basis for real-time and targeted water-saving irrigation of winter wheat in an arid region.Abstract. In this study, we aimed to establish a non-destructive and rapid approach to monitor the moisture content of wheat leaves in Southern Xinjiang, China, and promptly acquire information on the physiological water demand of crops to guide precision irrigation. Wheat leaves were used as the research object. Using a custom-made clamped parallel-plate capacitor and LCR digital bridge meter, we determined the electrical properties (capacitance and resistance) of wheat leaves with various moisture contents within a frequency range from 0.12 to 100 kHz. Moreover, we explored the correlation between leaf moisture content and the electrical properties. Our data showed that leaf moisture exhibited the best correlation with the electrical properties at 50 kHz. Under these optimized conditions, a model for moisture measurement was established using a single-parameter method (capacitance or resistance). However, the estimated standard errors (RMSE) of this method were 3.29% (for resistance) and 3.49% (for capacitance), which were greater than the standard error of the measured moisture content (2%). Therefore, we developed an improved model using a two-parameter method (capacitance and resistance), and the estimated standard error was 2.68%, which was more feasible for predicting moisture content compared with the single-parameter method. The model was validated using eight groups of wheat leaf samples at the turning-green stage and the jointing stage, and the RMSE values were less than 2%. Our findings provide a scientific basis for real-time and targeted water-saving irrigation of wheat in arid areas of Southern Xinjiang. Keywords: Electrical property, Model, Moisture content, Precision irrigation, Wheat leaves.","PeriodicalId":23120,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the ASABE","volume":"20 1","pages":"929-936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82266477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}