Toxins最新文献_第7页

The Role of Botulinum Toxin for Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy: A Comprehensive Review.

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020091

Martina Ferrillo, Eleonora Sommadossi, Loredana Raciti, Dario Calafiore, Kamal Mezian, Valeria Tarantino, Michele Vecchio, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Luigi Losco, Alessandro de Sire

{"title":"The Role of Botulinum Toxin for Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Martina Ferrillo, Eleonora Sommadossi, Loredana Raciti, Dario Calafiore, Kamal Mezian, Valeria Tarantino, Michele Vecchio, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Luigi Losco, Alessandro de Sire","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020091","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020091","url":null,"abstract":"Masticatory muscle hypertrophy (MMH) is a rare clinical phenomenon of uncertain etiology, characterized by a soft swelling near the angle of the jaw. This abnormal enlargement of the masseter muscle can alter the facial profile, leading to aesthetic concerns. Moreover, MMH may also have significant functional repercussions, including pain in the masseter region, often associated with temporomandibular disorders, fatigue, and discomfort during mastication. Non-conservative approaches offer an effective and minimally invasive solution by inducing localized muscle relaxation and reducing hypertrophy. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) represents a therapeutic option for managing MMH, considering that injections can effectively reduce the masseter muscle volume, improving both facial aesthetics and related symptoms. Currently, the standard non-surgical management of MMH is BoNT/A injections, although consensus on the average dosage has not been definitely reached; on the other hand, there are data available in the literature about the injection technique of BoNT/A for lower face contouring. Therefore, the present comprehensive review aimed at exploring in detail the role of BoNT/A in the treatment of masseter muscle hypertrophy, describing its mechanism of action, the administration protocols, the clinical effects, and any side effects.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rattlesnake Roundup: Point-of-Care Thrombelastographic Methods Define the Molecular Impacts on Coagulation of Crotalus Venom Toxins In Vitro and In Vivo.

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020087

Vance G Nielsen

{"title":"Rattlesnake Roundup: Point-of-Care Thrombelastographic Methods Define the Molecular Impacts on Coagulation of Crotalus Venom Toxins In Vitro and In Vivo.","authors":"Vance G Nielsen","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020087","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020087","url":null,"abstract":"A malalignment between rattlesnake-envenomed patients' degree of compromised coagulation and the data generated by standard hematological determinations generated with blood samples anticoagulated with calcium (Ca) chelating agents is almost certain. Many rattlesnake venom toxins are Ca-independent toxins that likely continue to damage plasmatic and cellular components of coagulation in blood samples (anticoagulated with Ca chelation) during transportation from the emergency department to the clinical laboratory. The most straightforward approach to abrogate this patient-laboratory malalignment is to reduce \"needle to activation time\"-the time from blood collection to commencement of laboratory analysis-with utilization of point-of-care (POC) technology such as thrombelastography. The workflow and history of standard and POC approaches to hematological assessment is reviewed. Further, using a preclinical model of envenomation with four different rattlesnake venoms, the remarkably diverse damage to coagulation revealed with POC thrombelastography is presented. It is anticipated that future investigation and potential changes in clinical monitoring practices with POC methods of hematological assessment will improve the management of envenomed patients and assist in precision care.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bothrops jararacussu Venom Inactivated by High Hydrostatic Pressure Enhances the Immunogenicity Response in Horses and Triggers Unexpected Cross-Reactivity with Other Snake Venoms.

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020088

Ricardo Teixeira-Araujo, Marisa Carvalho Suarez, Carlos Correa-Netto, Luis Eduardo Ribeiro da Cunha, Debora Foguel, Russolina Benedeta Zingali

{"title":"Bothrops jararacussu Venom Inactivated by High Hydrostatic Pressure Enhances the Immunogenicity Response in Horses and Triggers Unexpected Cross-Reactivity with Other Snake Venoms.","authors":"Ricardo Teixeira-Araujo, Marisa Carvalho Suarez, Carlos Correa-Netto, Luis Eduardo Ribeiro da Cunha, Debora Foguel, Russolina Benedeta Zingali","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020088","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020088","url":null,"abstract":"High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has been used for viral inactivation to facilitate vaccine development when immunogenicity is maintained or even increased. In this work, we used HHP to inactivate Bothrops jararacussu venom. Our protocol promotes the loss of or decrease in many biological activities in venom. Horses were immunized with pressurized venom, and in contrast to native venom, this procedure does not induce any damage to animals. Furthermore, the serum obtained with pressurized venom efficiently neutralized all biological activities of B. jararacussu venom. Antibody titrations were higher in serum produced with pressurized venom compared to that produced by native venom, and this antivenom was not only effective against the venom of B. jararacussu but against the venom of other species and genera. In conclusion, our data show a new technique for producing hyperimmune serum using venom inactivated by HHP, and this method is associated with a reduction in toxic effects in immunized animals and higher potency.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topography of the Corrugator Supercilii Muscle Relative to the Eyebrow and Its Clinical Application in Botulinum Toxin Injections.

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020085

Hyun Jin Shin, You-Jin Choi, Kang-Jae Shin, Wu-Chul Song

{"title":"Topography of the Corrugator Supercilii Muscle Relative to the Eyebrow and Its Clinical Application in Botulinum Toxin Injections.","authors":"Hyun Jin Shin, You-Jin Choi, Kang-Jae Shin, Wu-Chul Song","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020085","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020085","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to elucidate the topography of the corrugator supercilii muscle (CSM) relative to the eyebrow with the aim of providing topographical guidance for botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections in the East Asian population. Thirty-six hemifaces of 18 donated bodies for anatomical studies were dissected. Prior to dissection, four specific points on the eyebrow were marked to serve as reference points. A superimposition method for analyzing the position of the CSM relative to the eyebrow involved overlaying an image showing the dissected muscle onto a pre-existing image that contained reference lines indicating the eyebrow landmarks. The CSM almost overlaps the eyebrow at its medial end. Significantly, the central part of the CSM's width was positioned just above the upper point of the eyebrow, being closely aligned with the midpupillary line. There was minimal overlap of the CSM beyond the midpupillary line on the lateral side, indicating that this muscle becomes relatively scarce or less distinct as it extends laterally from the midpupillary line. For effectively targeting the CSM, it is recommended to inject BTX-A precisely at the center of the medial end of the eyebrow just above the midpupillary line.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Stability and Matrix Binding of Citrinin in the Thermal Processing of Starch-Rich Foods.

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020086

Lea Brückner, Florian Neuendorff, Katharina Hadenfeldt, Matthias Behrens, Benedikt Cramer, Hans-Ulrich Humpf

{"title":"Thermal Stability and Matrix Binding of Citrinin in the Thermal Processing of Starch-Rich Foods.","authors":"Lea Brückner, Florian Neuendorff, Katharina Hadenfeldt, Matthias Behrens, Benedikt Cramer, Hans-Ulrich Humpf","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020086","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020086","url":null,"abstract":"Citrinin (CIT) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin commonly found in a broad range of foods, including cereals, spices, nuts, or Monascus fermentation products. Analyses have shown that CIT is present in processed foods in significantly lower concentrations than in unprocessed materials. Modified forms of CIT arising during food processing may provide an explanation for the discrepancy. This study deals with the thermal stability of CIT and the formation of reaction products of CIT with carbohydrates, followed by toxicological evaluations using cell culture models. HPLC-HRMS degradation curves of CIT heated in different matrix model systems were recorded, and the formation of decarboxycitrinin (DCIT), the main degradation product, was quantified. Additionally, chemical structures of reaction products of CIT with carbohydrates were tentatively identified using MS/MS spectra and stable isotope labelling. Subsequently, the degradation of CIT during biscuit baking was studied, and carbohydrate-bound forms of CIT were detected after enzymatic starch digestion. The formation of DCIT could explain the majority of CIT degradation, but, depending on the process, covalent binding to carbohydrates can also be highly relevant. Cytotoxicity of DCIT in IHKE-cells was found to be lower compared to CIT, while the toxicity as well as the intestinal metabolism of carbohydrate-bound CIT was not evaluated.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture for Neuropathic Dysfunction: Clinical Evidence and Potential Mechanism. Scolopendrid 药物针刺治疗神经病理性功能障碍的有效性：临床证据和潜在机制。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020083

Jung-Hyun Kim, Tae-Yoon Kim, Bonhyuk Goo, Sang-Soo Nam

{"title":"Effectiveness of Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture for Neuropathic Dysfunction: Clinical Evidence and Potential Mechanism.","authors":"Jung-Hyun Kim, Tae-Yoon Kim, Bonhyuk Goo, Sang-Soo Nam","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020083","url":null,"abstract":"Animal venoms, particularly Scolopendrid venom, have gained significant attention as therapeutic agents in complementary and alternative medicine, especially for applications in pain management and neuroprotection. In traditional Korean medicine, Scolopendrid venom is administered through pharmacopuncture, a method that combines injection therapy with principals of acupuncture. The present review focuses on the multifaceted effects of Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture, derived from Scolopendra polymorpha, on the peripheral nervous system, and its potential role in addressing the neuropathic dysfunction that often arises from peripheral nerve injuries. Scolopendrid venom exhibits various pharmacological properties, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Experimental studies have shown that Scolopendrid pharmacopuncture significantly reduces neuropathic pain in animal models by modulating ion channels and inflammatory pathways. Clinical investigations have further revealed its efficacy in alleviating pain associated with conditions such as Bell's palsy and carpal tunnel syndrome. Despite its promising therapeutic potential, the lack of comprehensive clinical research on the toxicity and safety profiles of SPP remains a critical limitation. Future studies should focus on evaluating the safety of Scolopendrid venom as a standalone treatment and incorporate broader data sources to enhance our understanding of its implications in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Proteolytic Activation, Toxic Effects, and Midgut Histopathology of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia Protoxin in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). 苏云金芽孢杆菌 Cry1Ia 原毒素在铁线莲（鞘翅目：蟋蟀科）体内的蛋白水解活化、毒性作用和中肠组织病理学。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020084

Camilo Ayra-Pardo, Victor Ramaré, Ana Couto, Mariana Almeida, Ricardo Martins, José Américo Sousa, Maria João Santos

{"title":"The Proteolytic Activation, Toxic Effects, and Midgut Histopathology of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia Protoxin in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).","authors":"Camilo Ayra-Pardo, Victor Ramaré, Ana Couto, Mariana Almeida, Ricardo Martins, José Américo Sousa, Maria João Santos","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020084","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020084","url":null,"abstract":"The red palm weevil (RPW; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a destructive pest affecting palms worldwide, capable of causing significant economic losses and ecological damage in managed palm ecosystems. Current management heavily relies on synthetic insecticides, but their overuse fosters resistance. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) offers a promising alternative, producing toxins selective against various insect orders, including Coleoptera. However, no specific Bt toxin has yet been identified for RPW. This study investigates the toxicity against RPW larvae of the Bt Cry1Ia protoxin, known for its dual activity against Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. A laboratory RPW colony was reared for two generations, ensuring a reliable insect source for bioassays. Cry1Ia was expressed as a 6xHis-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli and purified using nickel affinity. Incubation with RPW larval gut proteases for 24 h produced a stable core of ~65 kDa. Diet-incorporation bioassays revealed high Cry1Ia toxicity in neonate larvae. In contrast, the lepidopteran-active Cry1Ac protoxin, used as a robust negative control, was completely degraded after 24 h of in vitro proteolysis and showed no toxicity in bioassays. Cry1Ia-fed larvae exhibited significant midgut cell damage, characteristic of Bt intoxication. These findings highlight Cry1Ia's strong potential for integration into RPW management programs.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Dinoflagellate Toxins Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 and -2 on the Microcrustacean Artemia franciscana.

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020080

Federica Cavion, Silvio Sosa, Jane Kilcoyne, Alessandra D'Arelli, Cristina Ponti, Michela Carlin, Aurelia Tubaro, Marco Pelin

{"title":"Effects of Dinoflagellate Toxins Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 and -2 on the Microcrustacean Artemia franciscana.","authors":"Federica Cavion, Silvio Sosa, Jane Kilcoyne, Alessandra D'Arelli, Cristina Ponti, Michela Carlin, Aurelia Tubaro, Marco Pelin","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020080","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020080","url":null,"abstract":"Harmful algal blooms are an expanding phenomenon negatively impacting human health, socio-economic welfare, and ecosystems. Such events increase the risk of marine organisms' exposure to algal toxins with consequent ecological effects. In this frame, the objective of this study was to investigate the ecotoxicological potential of three globally distributed dinoflagellate toxins (okadaic acid, OA; dinophysistoxin-1, DTX-1; dinophysistoxin-2, DTX-2) using Artemia franciscana as a model organism of marine zooplankton. Each toxin (0.1-100 nM) was evaluated for its toxic effects in terms of cyst hatching, mortality of nauplii Instar I and adults, and biochemical responses related to oxidative stress. At the highest concentration (100 nM), these toxins significantly increased adults' mortality starting from 24 h (DTX-1), 48 h (OA), or 72 h (DTX-2) exposures, DTX-1 being the most potent one, followed by OA and DTX-2. The quantitation of oxidative stress biomarkers in adults, i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activity of three endogenous antioxidant defense enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) showed that only DTX-2 significantly increased ROS production, whereas each toxin affected the antioxidant enzymes with a different activity profile. In general, the results indicate a negative impact of these toxins towards A. franciscana with potential consequences on the marine ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative Mycotoxin Detoxifying Agents Decrease the Absorption Rate of Aflatoxin B1 and Counteract the Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Dietary Levels of the Mycotoxin.

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020082

Matteo Cuccato, Neenu Amminikutty, Veronica Spalenza, Vanessa Conte, Stefano Bagatella, Donato Greco, Vito D'Ascanio, Francesco Gai, Achille Schiavone, Giuseppina Avantaggiato, Carlo Nebbia, Flavia Girolami

{"title":"Innovative Mycotoxin Detoxifying Agents Decrease the Absorption Rate of Aflatoxin B1 and Counteract the Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Dietary Levels of the Mycotoxin.","authors":"Matteo Cuccato, Neenu Amminikutty, Veronica Spalenza, Vanessa Conte, Stefano Bagatella, Donato Greco, Vito D'Ascanio, Francesco Gai, Achille Schiavone, Giuseppina Avantaggiato, Carlo Nebbia, Flavia Girolami","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020082","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020082","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can impair the growth of chickens and reduce the quality of eggs and meat, resulting in significant economic losses. The inclusion of mycotoxin detoxifying agents (MyDA) with binding properties in the diet is an efficient tool to reduce their absorption rate in the gastrointestinal tract. Our aim was to investigate the ability of two innovative MyDA (SeOX, a feed additive featuring a tri-octahedral smectite mixed with lignocellulose, and CHS, a di-octahedral smectite functionalized with an organic non-toxic modifier) in both reducing the bio-accessibility and mitigating the adverse effects of AFB1 in broilers exposed for 10 days to concentrations approaching the European Union maximum limits in feed (0.02 mg/kg). The amount of AFB1 in the excreta of birds, collected over four consecutive days (starting on day 7), was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the group exposed to AFB1 alone compared to the groups treated with either SeOX or CHS. The calculated bio-accessibility was decreased by nearly 30% with both MyDA. This positive effect was reflected by a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the oxidative stress (measured as serum antioxidant capacity and hepatic lipid peroxidation) induced by AFB1. Although antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels were unaffected by any treatment, AFB1 significantly induced (p < 0.001) the upregulation of CYP2A6 and the downregulation of Nrf2; the latter was reverted by each MyDA. Overall, these results demonstrate that the selected MyDA are effective in limiting the AFB1 absorption rate, thereby mitigating or even reverting the oxidative stress induced by AFB1 in broilers.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic and Autecology Characteristics of Five Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales, Pyrocystaceae) in Tropical Waters: A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. leei, A. pseudogonyaulax, and A. tamiyavanichii.

IF 3.9 3区医学

Toxins Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17020081

Lam Nguyen-Ngoc, Dang-Minh Luat, H Doan-Nhu, H M Pham, B Krock, N D Huynh-Thi, L V Tran-Thi, M H Tran-Thi, Anh H Pham, V Nguyen-Tam, T T Nhan-Luu, H H Do

{"title":"Phylogenetic and Autecology Characteristics of Five Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales, Pyrocystaceae) in Tropical Waters: A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. leei, A. pseudogonyaulax, and A. tamiyavanichii.","authors":"Lam Nguyen-Ngoc, Dang-Minh Luat, H Doan-Nhu, H M Pham, B Krock, N D Huynh-Thi, L V Tran-Thi, M H Tran-Thi, Anh H Pham, V Nguyen-Tam, T T Nhan-Luu, H H Do","doi":"10.3390/toxins17020081","DOIUrl":"10.3390/toxins17020081","url":null,"abstract":"Five species of Alexandrium (A. affine, A. fraterculus, A. leei, A. pseudogonyaulax, and A. tamiyavanichii) are commonly found in Vietnamese waters. They were distinguished based on their apical pore complex (A.P.C), precingular first plate (1'), ventral pore (Vp), and sulcal platelets. A genetic analysis was conducted using nuclear rDNA sequences of ITS and LSU (D1-D3, D8-D10). The growth rates of A. fraterculus, A. leei, A. tamiyavanichii, and A. pseudogonyaulax were quite similar. Specifically, these four species had the highest growth rates at two temperature levels of 24 °C and 27 °C, at salinities ranging from 25 psu to 35 psu. Furthermore, these species were able to adapt to a low salinity of 20 psu at temperatures from 18 °C to 27 °C. No Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) were found in the two Alexandrium affine strains, VINVN01-1 and VINVN01-2. The detection limit for PSTs ranged from 0.45 to 15.5 fg cell-1, depending on the molecular response and available biomass.","PeriodicalId":23119,"journal":{"name":"Toxins","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11862000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0