Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere最新文献

{"title":"[Guidelines for the vaccination of horses - 5th edition].","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/a-2517-4204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2517-4204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination is one of the most important measures for preventing infectious diseases. Vaccinations against tetanus and West-Nile-Virus are essential to protect the individual horse. These infections are not contagious and are not transmitted from animal to animal. By contrast, Equine Influenza and Equine-Herpes-Virus infections are highly contagious, transmissible diseases. In addition to protecting the vaccinated individual, vaccinating as many horses as possible aims at inducing a broad herd immunity, which interrupts infection chains and thus additionally protects the individual. Vaccination against tetanus, Equine Influenza and Equine-Herpes-Virus infections are core vaccinations for horses. The immunization against West-Nile-Virus is currently considered non-core and only recommended in the outbreak areas in eastern parts of Germany and, since 2024, in the entire lowlands of Northern Germany. Prospectively, depending on the future development of the epidemic, vaccination against West-Nile-Virus is likely to become core-component. It will then be recommended for the entire country. In addition to those already mentioned, there are marketing authorizations for vaccines against dermatomycosis, strangles, rotavirus infections, equine viral arteritis and rabies. Depending on the risk of exposure, the use of these vaccines can be highly advisable for individual cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"53 1","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Equine piroplasmosis: Case descriptions and overview of the epidemiological situation in Europe with focus on Germany].","authors":"Carla Wiebke Axt, Andrea Springer, Jennifer von Luckner, Torsten J Naucke, Elisabeth Müller, Christina Strube, Ingo Schäfer","doi":"10.1055/a-2457-5516","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2457-5516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by <i>Babesia</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>caballi</i> and <i>Theileria</i> (<i>T</i>.) <i>equi</i> and is transmitted by hard ticks. Predominantly, the Mediterranean region is known as being endemic for both pathogens in Europe. However, autochthonous infections in central European countries such as Germany can no longer be ruled out due to individual case reports in horses without any stays abroad as well as the geographical expansion of the habitats of different tick species. The case reports presented underline the risk of infection for horses travelling to endemic areas and in horses imported from such areas to non-endemic countries. Clinical signs are often unspecific and include fever, icterus, lethargy, inappetence, weight loss, and reduced performance. Mild to severe anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality, but thrombocytopenia has also been described. Direct (polymerase chain reaction, microscopical analysis of blood smears) and indirect detection methods (detection of antibodies) are available for the diagnosis of pathogen contact and/or infection. Imidocarb-dipropionate is recommended as treatment of choice against EP. Infections with <i>B. caballi</i> can be cleared, while infections with <i>T. equi</i> often result in a life-long carrier status despite treatment. Prevention is limited to controlling or avoiding tick contact. Aside from potentially severe and life-threatening clinical signs, equine piroplasmosis has a significant economic impact on the international trade of horses worldwide. EP is classified as a notifiable disease according to WOAH guidelines, which recommend serological screening for <i>B. caballi</i> and <i>T. equi</i> according to the respective national guidelines when travelling across borders. To date, EP is not classified as a notifiable nor reportable disease in Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":" ","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dyspnea in a llama resulting from hyperkeratotic crusts in the area of the nasal openings].","authors":"Sonja Franz, Pauline Petring, Katharina Schlegel, Agnes Dadak, Kathleen Wittek, Thomas Wittek","doi":"10.1055/a-2505-4241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2505-4241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes the clinical findings, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic options, and the outcome in a llama suffering from idiopathic, necrolytic, neutrophilic hyperkeratosis (INNH) around the nares. The exact pathogenesis and etiology of this disease remains unknown up to now . To date, only a few reports on this condition are available in the scientific literature. Information regarding prevalence of this disease among South American camelids is lacking.The multimodal therapeutic measures (surgically, medically, physically) and the course of the disease are presented. A lasting clinical improvement was achieved, although complete healing did not occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"53 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Validation of a decision tree for selective dry cow therapy of dairy for a digital expert system].","authors":"Anna Stoll, Alicia Pichlmeier, Holm Zerbe, Folkert Onken, Julia Sophia Gerke, Florian Grandl, Leonid Ziegler, Rainer Martin","doi":"10.1055/a-2510-3874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2510-3874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a decision tree derived from scientific literature on selective dry cow therapy (ST), which was developed as a knowledge base for a digital expert system, was evaluated. The decision tree merges algorithmic (based on cell count results) and cultural (based on milk sample findings) approaches.During a two-year project period (August 2021-September 2023), ST was carried out on 19 dairy farms in southern Germany according to the decision tree, without specific requirements being placed on the herd's udder health before the start. A total of 1,369 dry-off observations were recorded. The dry-off cases were evaluated regarding implementation of the recommendations, cell count at the first milk recording after calving, proportion of new infections and cures during the dry period depending on the implementation of the dry-off recommendation and the udder health status of the herd.Across all farms, 38.4% of cows were dried off without the use of an antibiotic. The potential for saving antibiotics varied greatly between farms (range: 2.4-71.3%). In 75.9% of cases, a dry-off recommendation could be made based on the available udder health data; only in around 25% of cows did the dry-off recommendation require a microbiological examination of quarter milk samples. On average, the milk cell count after the dry period was less than 100,000 cells/ml in animals that were dried off with and without an antibiotic dry-off preparation. The proportions of new infections and cures during the dry period did not differ significantly between animals with and without an antibiotic dry-off preparation.The results show that with the help of the developed decision tree, ST can be carried out safely in dairy farms without endangering udder health. This decision tree can therefore serve as a reliable knowledge base for a digital expert system to optimize dry-off management in dairy farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"53 1","pages":"5-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Statement on the efficacy and immunological safety of EHV vaccines in horses].","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/a-2518-1976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2518-1976","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In February 2021, a serious EHV-1 outbreak occurred at an international jumping competition in Valencia, with several subsequent outbreaks in various European countries. As a consequence, several equestrian associations introduced compulsory vaccination against EHV-1, and in the immediate aftermath of the outbreak, demand for EHV vaccinations increased sharply. The initial concern has now dissipated. One equestrian association has abolished the compulsory vaccination that had only been introduced a year before, and a general debate began questioning the efficacy and safety of EHV-vaccines. This discussion has been fueled by international meta-studies that systematically re-evaluated published efficacy studies on EHV-vaccines. The meta-studies applied evidence criteria that were originally designed for preclinical studies in human medicine. It was concluded that the quality of the published data was not sufficient to prove the efficacy of EHV vaccines. Naturally, lack of evidence does not prove the opposite! Hence, one of the two author teams of these meta-studies upholds the notion that vaccination is a centerpiece of comprehensive EHV management strategies.StIKo Vet has carefully followed the discussions and the meta-studies. It cannot be expected that other infection studies on horses meeting the evidence criteria will be conducted in the near future, as EHV infection studies on horses pose considerable ethical, logistical and economic challenges. Therefore, StIKo Vet has undertaken an own re-evaluation of the existing efficacy studies. In addition, outbreak investigations were reviewed with regard to the role of EHV vaccination as a risk factor for the development of severe clinical courses.StIKo Vet concludes that, even if vaccination against EHV-1 does not confer absolute protection to the vaccinated individual, the re-evaluated studies show highly significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals: Vaccination reduces the severity of clinical symptoms and the duration and level of virus excretion. Herd vaccination can reduce overall viral loads and thus interrupt infection chains. There is ample reason to assume vaccine efficacy, but no compelling evidence was found for a correlation between EHV vaccination and severe EHV symptoms. By contrast, a comprehensive analysis of several different outbreaks shows that a herd immunity over 40 % is able to significantly reduce the risk for neurological symptoms. In addition, it has to be emphasized that the safety and efficacy of EHV-vaccines is stringently evaluated during the marketing authorization process. Only facts that have appropriately been proven in licensing studies are documented in the summary of product characteristics, e.g. the packaging leaflet. StIKo Vet therefore upholds EHV as a core-vaccination for horses. Every horse should be vaccinated and protected against EHV-1 at all times. It is likewise clear that with high viral loads and additional predisposing fac","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"53 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of antibody titers against Borna disease virus in alpacas in Bavaria, Germany.","authors":"Leonie Isabelle Kirmayer, Christine Lendl, Thomas Wittek","doi":"10.1055/a-2512-6445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2512-6445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing population of alpacas in Germany requires comprehensive studies on potential disease. Borna Disease, an infection believed to be primarily transmitted by the bicolored, white-toothed- shrew (<i>Crocidura leucodon</i>) to animals and humans, poses significant concerns. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of Borna Disease virus (BoDV) antibodies in alpacas in Bavaria, Germany, and explore associated epidemiological factors.A total of 424 serum samples were collected from 65 alpaca farms in Bavaria, which were selected voluntarily. In addition, questionnaires were filled out by the animal owners gathering information on husbandry and disease awareness of the owners.The results revealed an occurrence rate of nearly 9%, with one in every fourth farm housing at least one antibody-positive animal. While no significant differences were observed in breed, age, or gender, regional endemic areas were identified, coinciding with the presence of the shrew.This study underscores the widespread occurrence of BoDV antibodies in alpacas in Bavaria, emphasizing the importance of hygiene management and increased awareness of the disease among animal owners and veterinarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"53 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological pathogens in fecal samples of foals during the first year of life.","authors":"Clarissa Jung, Michaela Gentil, Elisabeth Müller","doi":"10.1055/a-2450-9531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2450-9531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to investigate the age dependent occurrence of different infectious agents in foals with diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fecal samples, which were submitted to a commercial laboratory for a PCR-profile \"Foal Diarrhea Pathogens\" from 01.01.2021 up to 31.12.2022 (n=144), were examined for Equine Coronavirus (ECoV), <i>Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis</i>, <i>Rhodococcus (R.) hoagii</i> (<i>=R. equi</i>), <i>Clostridium (Cl.) perfringens</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>cpa</i>, <i>cpe</i>, <i>cpb</i>, <i>etx</i> and <i>netF</i>, <i>Clostridioides (C.) difficile</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>tcdA</i> and <i>tcdB</i>, as well as Rotavirus A via PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathogens could be detected in a high proportion (42.9%) of the samples. Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in the current study, followed by clostridial species. Especially in foals younger than one month, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> was detected frequently. In this age group, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> was as prevalent as Rotavirus A. In comparison, <i>R. hoagii</i>, <i>L. intracellularis</i> and ECoV were detected rarely. <i>Cl. perfringens</i> toxin-encoding genes <i>cpb</i> and <i>etx</i> were not present in the examined samples. In general, the previously known age dependency of the investigated pathogens could be confirmed. Nevertheless, Rotavirus A and <i>netF</i>-positive <i>Cl. perfringens</i> could also be detected outside of the most susceptible age group. Coinfections with the examined pathogens had a low prevalence in the current study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, the examined pathogens showed an age dependent occurrence, but infections in foals outside of the common age group could not be ruled out with certainty due to small sample numbers in some of the age groups. Although Rotavirus A was the most prevalent pathogen in this study, <i>netF</i>-producing <i>Cl. perfringens</i> is an important differential diagnosis, especially in newborn foals. The diagnostic approach in diarrheic foals should contain a broad spectrum of pathogens. This is not only important to detect coinfections, but also to detect shedders, in order to protect other horses in the stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"52 6","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Danksagung an die Gutachter / Acknowledgement for Reviewers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/a-2462-7136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2462-7136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"52 6","pages":"317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Traumatic subluxation of the cervical spine in an 1-year-old alpaca mare].","authors":"Hannah Hümmelchen, Jana Petzold, Henrik Wagner","doi":"10.1055/a-2450-9478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2450-9478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 1-year-old alpaca mare was presented due to lateral deviation of the cervical spine which had been present for a period of 2 weeks. Based on the previous report, a traumatic event was assumed. Feed and water intake were unremarkable, the gait was altered due to slight ataxic movements in all 4 limbs. The animal showed no further neurological deficits on initial presentation. Radiographs revealed a displacement of the cervical vertebrae to the left as part of a subluxation of the articular processes of the cervical vertebrae C4 and C5. During the course of conservative treatment with pain medication, neurologic signs including ataxia and I: mpaired balance developed in spite of unremarkable food intake. Subsequently, the animal died at a time when it was not under observation.Pathologic examination revealed degenerative and inflammatory alterations as well as hemorrhages in the cervical medulla at the level of the axial deviation of the cervical spine. Under consideration of the patient's history, the findings may most likely be seen as the result of blunt trauma and represent the cause of the neurologic signs.This is the first case description of a subluxation of the cervical vertebral column in an alpaca in Germany that has been evaluated in detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"52 6","pages":"346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Killing in wild boar traps - Studies on the point of impact and effects of head shots (caliber .22 lr) in wild boar (Sus scrofa)].","authors":"Katharina M Westhoff, André Fetzer, Johannes Lang, Michael Lierz","doi":"10.1055/a-2465-5744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2465-5744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The spread of African swine fever in Germany has brought wild boar trapping back into focus as a method for animal disease control. While data on free-bullet slaughter in domestic mammals is available, data on the gun shot and caliber selection for use in wild boar trapping is largely lacking.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The heads of 138 wild boars captured in 10 corral-style traps and shot with a bullet (caliber .22 lr) were analyzed with respect to following data: number of bullet entry holes, bullet entry location, as well as tissue damage to the brain and bleeding by the use of frozen sections of the heads.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the exception of one animal, all wild boars were killed by head shot with the caliber .22 lr. In 76% (105/138) of the wild boars, only one bullet hole was identified in the head, and in 96% (126/131) of the animals, damage of varying severity was observed in the end brain. In the animals with a frontal bullet hole, in which damage was detected in the cerebrum and brain stem in the frozen sections (n=77), the location was, on average, 2.2 cm above the eye line and 0.35 cm to the right of the median.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The .22 lr caliber appears to be sufficient for culling wild boar with head shots in corral-style wild boar traps. The choice of the smallest possible caliber is of great importance for reasons of animal welfare and safety for the personnel operating the cull.</p>","PeriodicalId":23115,"journal":{"name":"Tieraerztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere","volume":"52 6","pages":"336-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}