Towards Excellence最新文献

{"title":"A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF SEMANTIC CHANGE IN ENGLISH AND ARABIC","authors":"Dr. Jagdish Joshi, Iman Hameed Faraj Al Awadi","doi":"10.37867/te150333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150333","url":null,"abstract":"Semantic change refers to the way in which the meaning of a word changes over long or short stretches of time. It can be internally or externally motivated .The equivalent to the paradigm in morphology is ,in semantics , the word field in which words and their meanings stand in a network of relationships .The alteration of meaning occurs because words are constantly used and what is intended by speakers is not exactly the same each time .If a different intention for a word is shared by the speech community and becomes established in usage then a semantic change has occurred. This study is divided into three sections , the first is devoted to semantic change in English ,while the second is going to discuss it in Arabic ; however ,the third section will shed light on some samples chosen from the two languages to show how semantic change practically takes place across their history .The aim of this research is to state the stages of those two languages` development ,types of semantic change ,reasons and processes of word formation in each language . The following conclusions are shown: 1. Semantic change is , just like other types of linguistic change , continuous, not sudden but gradual and universal . 2. Gaps in the historical record between the identifiable stages called for the loss of the middle stage of Arabic , on the one hand , and produced the illusion of discontinuity between Anglo-Saxon and Middle English and between Middle English and Modern English , on the other hand . 3. Causes of semantic change are either linguistic or extra –linguistic . 4. As far as these two languages are concerned , they have passed different stages and were subject to different political and social factors , yet they have almost the same types .","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GERMANY NEEDS SKILLED INDIAN MIGRANT LABOUR","authors":"Rohit Maurya, Dr. Vinai Kumar Donthula","doi":"10.37867/te150332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150332","url":null,"abstract":"Germany is the fourth largest economy in the world, after the USA, China, and Japan, but Germany still needs huge amount of skilled labour especially skilled Indian migrant labour. This Study provides a descriptive analysis of the need for skilled Indian migrant labour in Germany, and according to BAMF (the federal office for migration and refugees), most highly educated Indians are shifting to Germany every year, not only for higher education and employment but also for business purposes, and Germany also needs them, for whom the Federal Republic of Germany tries to make an attractive immigration policy as well as act for skilled workers. But question is arising: why does Germany need skilled Indian migrant labour? Why does Germany want the most a greater number of Indian migrants except Chinese migrants? What does Germany do to attract Indian Migrants? What is the policy for them if they want to work there and try to integrate into German society? This Study was carried out using the labour migration and pull and push migration theory as a method, which includes newspapers, magazines, books, documents from government agencies, related articles, annual reports etc.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADI SHANKARACHARYA’S HAGIOGRAPHY AND FIVEFOLD DISCIPLINE TO BRING OUT PERFECTION IN HUMAN","authors":"Ujwala U. Kothawade","doi":"10.37867/te150323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150323","url":null,"abstract":"Homo species in creation have special quality ‘organic capacity’ to explore both the outer and inner worlds, means man has knowledge of secular as well as spiritual knowledge. That’s why human birth is considered as most rare birth, in this life only he gets the opportunity to conquer lower nature and manifest the higher. With the development of science and technology man tries to control nature and become civilized and cultured. He knows the world better but he must know himself is first step is most important for spiritual destiny as well as for the welfare of humanity. Human being has an animal instinct to evolve himself he has to do special efforts which is known as ‘Sadhana’. Through science progress and technology development man achieved comforts in his life but lost the peace of mind due to which he is unable to enjoy life any more. Our ancient seers had given us the most precious tools (Sadhana) as per individual needs, at different times he may require different Sadhana. According to our ancient scriptures to bring out change in human beings Sadhana plays a vital role. Sadhana means continuous endurance with firm determination to realize ultimate goal of human life. Bring out divinity in every individual which help to reform society; ultimately develop peace and harmony will go together hand in hand in the world.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP STYLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TEACHERS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Peter Lameck Mduwile, Prof. Dulumoni Goswami","doi":"10.37867/te150315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150315","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the leadership styles used by the school principals that enhance the performance of teachers in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic in public high schools in Bandung city. The study employed Mixed Methods approach with an embedded mixed research design. The study sample comprised of 164 teachers and other research informants consisted of 4 school principals and vice-school principals and 40 students. The study employed purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Primary data were collected with the help of online questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used sequentially. Quantitative data from the questionnaire were coded and summarized using descriptive statistics, measures of variability, frequency distribution, and percentages. They were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The Path-Goal theory was a leading theory in this study. The results showed the theory was related to the study as far as aims were the performance of teachers was influenced by school principal leadership styles. The results revealed that school principals practiced democratic leadership styles during the Covid-19 pandemic to influence the performance of teachers in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic whereby in democratic leadership style, communication, decision making, and delegation were highly practiced by school principals throughout public schools in Bandung city. The study, therefore, recommends that Online pedagogical training should be introduced and provided to all teachers on how to integrate material resources with media during online teaching, national educational policy should be amended to emphasis much on technological skills during teachers training so to prepare them to have technological skills which will be vital during any crisis like Covid-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INTERTWINING CRISIS OF PERSONAL AND POLITICAL MEMORY IN THE SELECT NOVELS OF KHALED HOSSEINI","authors":"M. Anu, Dr. S. Boopathi","doi":"10.37867/te150308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150308","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper investigates the parallel vision of personal and the political memory of Afghan’s in the novels of Khaled Hosseini. In his novel The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns, war was a game changer. He cooked up the novels with his personal childhood memories and added spices of political memory with a pinch of fictional elements. Focusing on the political disaster and the consequences of war, people of Afghan’s suffers from turmoil of war, sexual harassment, patriarchal society, illegitimate child, extramarital affairs, lack of health center and ethnic culture tension. The trauma deals with the flashbulb memories which demystify and comprehend the various ethoses. The interconnecting issues of the political memory affect the normal life of every afghan in the city which was brilliantly penned by the author in both his novels. This study takes up the concern of logical statements towards the eternal pains of the memory of the ethoses due to the devastating war.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDENTITY, ETHNIC CUISINE, AND COOKING TECHNIQUES OF THE TAI-KHAMYANG TRIBE IN ASSAM, INDIA","authors":"Suprity Shyam, Hemen Sarma","doi":"10.37867/te150331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150331","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional knowledge of the Tai-Khamyang, a small tribe in Assam, has been presented, with a focus on their food sources, cooking methods, identity, and sociocultural significance. The use of wild plants as healthy and nutritious vegetables is very common among the Tai-Khamyang. These are cooked with rice, which is the most important crop consumed by this community, whether as a sweet and salty dessert or as a staple diet prepared from it. Different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) are cultivated, viz., lahi, bora, joha and black rice, and consumed in various forms. Bora rice is primarily consumed by making snacks and desserts from it. Lahi rice balls wrapped in Phrynium imbricatum leaves are especially served at special occasions and ceremonies. Fermented foods such as bamboo shoot are commonly used as accompaniments for rice dishes. This article focuses on the use of various plants as ingredients in traditionally prepared foods which reflects the unique identity of this minor group of people.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE GEOPOLITICS OF GILGIT-BALTISTAN: ANALYSING INDIA, PAKISTAN, AND CHINA PERSPECTIVES","authors":"Sandip Kumar Singh","doi":"10.37867/te150327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150327","url":null,"abstract":"The region of Gilgit-Baltistan, of significant strategic significance, has been a topic of contention between India and Pakistan since their respective declarations of independence in 1947. The territory stated above, located in the northernmost part of Pakistan, plays a vital role as a key gateway to the Central Asian region. It is generally seen as an important geopolitical asset due to its near proximity to China's Xinjiang province. This article provides a thorough analysis of the contemporary geopolitical dynamics in Gilgit-Baltistan, with a focus on the historical backdrop, the current political and economic circumstances, and the possible implications for the security and stability of the region. The region of Gilgit-Baltistan, located in the northernmost part of Pakistan, has considerable strategic importance. The region in issue, which shares borders with China, Afghanistan, and India, has a complex and contested historical context that has had a substantial influence on its contemporary political and economic conditions. The territory of Gilgit-Baltistan has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its strategic location along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and its crucial role as a gateway to Central Asia. The objective of this essay is to provide a thorough analysis of the strategic importance of Gilgit-Baltistan, including its historical background, geopolitical significance, and prospective implications for regional security and stability. The region of Gilgit-Baltistan, located in the Himalayas and Karakoram mountains, has acquired considerable geopolitical significance due to its strategic location and contested legal standing. The perspectives of India, Pakistan, and China about Gilgit-Baltistan provide valuable insights into the intricate interaction of interests, historical narratives, and geopolitical strategies that shape the dynamics of the region. This article engages in a comprehensive analysis of the viewpoints espoused by three influential actors, evaluating the possible ramifications for the stability of the region. The geopolitical landscape of Gilgit-Baltistan is a complex and intricate puzzle, characterised by the intricate interaction of historical narratives, strategic considerations, and regional dynamics. The Indian position focuses considerable stress on the notion of sovereignty, whereas Pakistan's standpoint is largely centred on the concept of self-determination. In contrast, China's approach is primarily focused on the concepts of connectivity and economic growth. Given the convergence and intersection of the aforementioned perspectives, the trajectory of the region's future remains ambiguous, thereby making it an illustrative instance of broader global dynamics concerning power struggles and cooperative endeavours.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLASSICAL FOLK ART & MARTIAL ART: THE SOUL, STRENGTH & SCIENCE OF LIFE OF INDIA","authors":"Dr. Heena L. Patel","doi":"10.37867/te150321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150321","url":null,"abstract":"Art, Culture, Traditions, Customs, Trends one and the other ways reflecting the human life. Thousands of years before scholars of the Art and literature had created them for the wisdom of human being and social welfare. Art and literature are the source of innate peace and pleasure. They many of the times teaches the art of ‘Yagna’ and ‘Yudhha’. They give proof of the existence of the different Eras come in human life. They are the witness of the rules and various rulers. They connect the modern man with the Ancient and the Spiritual life left behind centuries to centuries. The religious scriptures play important roles in creation of the Art and the literature. Presented research paper focuses on the extreme valuable role of the classical art aand Classical war Art (Martial Art of India) which were the part of Spiritual culture of ‘Bharat Varsha’. It has immense knowledge of the health, prosperity, worshipping, religion, science, the peace, pleasure and strength of human life and which is the ultimate goal of the Art. Years and years various rulers came and they establish their own colours of the culture with Ancient Art of India. Thus it got the changed colours century by century. Art became dead, the artists became worthless, aimless and some of them changed their ways to be with the art thus by pleasing and respecting the rulers changed the form of Art. However, the intentions of the art changed, the worth got changed, the art became full of life with the modern time too. Tradition of leading the art of Gayan, Vadan, Nritya made live not only thousands of families generation to generation but also gave the Classical Art with new form, meaning, wisdom, worth and spirituality. The wars got ended yet the war of modern life doesn’t get ended. As a reason the aim of life doesn’t become goal of life but pursuing the potential identification and giving mode to the human life as per that.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A STUDY OF MULTIPLE ENTRY AND EXIT FACILITY OFFERED BY NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 2020","authors":"Dr. Padmavati S. Undale","doi":"10.37867/te150322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150322","url":null,"abstract":"The present research paper describes the multiple entry and exit facility given in National Education Polity 2020. Higher education is the platform, where the youth can develop their expertise and become ready to contribute in the nation development. It is the role of higher education institution to provide the quality education to gain wisdom, to inculcate skills to become financial independent and to develop proper attitude to use this knowledge and skills for the betterment of the society. National Education Policy 2020 has been designed to bridge the gap between the current state of learning outcomes and the required learning outcomes. This policy is aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 4. There are some challenges while implementing multiple entry and exit policy such as designing curriculum and syllabus, controlling drop-out rate, storing and maintaining the records, coordinating with multiple higher education institutions, Multiple exits may create lack of assurance of continuity in learning. Beside these challenges, there are some opportunities also such as facility to utilize credits earned, flexibility in learning may encourage to get more learning experiences, enrich learning experiences, increase in inclusion in education.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METAFICTIONAL EXPLORATIONS IN DETECTIVE FICTION: JULIAN BARNES'S ARTHUR & GEORGE AND POSTMODERN INTRICACIES","authors":"Poojaba G Jadeja, Dr. Dilip Barad","doi":"10.37867/te150350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37867/te150350","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper delves into the intricate realm of postmodern detective fiction through an in-depth analysis of Julian Barnes's novel, Arthur & George. Detective fictions of Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie were formed following the notions of modernity and enlightenment ideals. However, postmodernism emerged as a counterforce to Enlightenment concepts, and detective fiction is no exception. Postmodern detective fiction subverts traditional detective story conventions through techniques such as metafiction, parody, and intertextuality. The present paper also explores fictions of postmodern authors like John Fowles, Umberto Eco, Paul Auster, and Jorge Luis Borges and their metafictional techniques to challenge the traditional detective's role and disrupt the boundary between fiction and reality with detailed analysis of these metafictional techniques in Julian Barnes’s novel Arthur & George.","PeriodicalId":23114,"journal":{"name":"Towards Excellence","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}