Therapeutic Drug Monitoring最新文献

{"title":"Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Vietnamese Children: Innovative Midpoint Concentration Monitoring Using 2 Bayesian Programs.","authors":"Ba Hai Le, Chi Kien Phung, Olivia Yip, Anjum Gupta, Thi Linh Phan, Helen Lai, Lana Hoang, Thanh Hai Nguyen, Thi Dua Nguyen, Thi Thao Nguyen, Thi Lien Huong Nguyen, Jennifer Le","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bayesian area under the curve (AUC)-guided vancomycin dosing, preferably with 2 samples (2S), is recommended for pediatric patients. However, the timing of sampling may not always be convenient in the clinical setting. In low- to middle-income countries, the implementation of model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) using the Bayesian approach remains limited because of high software costs. Using MIPD with Bayesian analysis, the authors compared the accuracy and precision of midpoint and guideline-recommended 2S strategies and evaluated the clinical utility of an open-source software package and compared it with PrecisePK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 2 pediatric hospitals with a combined 2000 beds from April 2022 to April 2023. The authors enrolled patients aged from 3 months to 16 years who received at least 2 doses of vancomycin and had at least 2 measured drug concentrations: Cmax (1-2 hours after the end of infusion), Cmid (midpoint of the dosing interval), and Ctrough (30 minutes-1 hour before the next dose). The accuracy and precision of pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using and , respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty children with 226 vancomycin concentrations were included. The median age was 1.6 (interquartile range 0.88-3.01) years, the average weight was 10.0 (8.0-12.0) kg, the baseline serum creatinine concentration was 0.43 (0.38-0.53) mg/dL, and the empirical vancomycin dose was 60 (57-61) mg/kg/d. Most subjects received empirical vancomycin for pneumonia (75%) and bacteremia (26%), and 75% were admitted to the intensive care unit. Compared with the 2S monitoring state, the accuracy and precision of the midpoint for the Bayesian-derived AUC24 values were 5.02% and 6.45%, respectively. Compared with PrecisePK, the AUC24 estimation by Shiny exhibited an accuracy and precision of -5.58% and 6.09%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Midpoint concentration offers a convenient sampling approach to accurately monitor vancomycin therapy in hospitalized pediatric patients. Shiny serves as an alternative Bayesian MIPD tool for dosing and monitoring vancomycin therapy in children in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Augmented Renal Clearance and Febrile Neutropenia on Initial Trough Level and Clearance of Teicoplanin.","authors":"Nozomi Kondo, Ryota Tanaka, Ryosuke Tatsuta, Haruka Tsushita, Takehiro Hashimoto, Kazufumi Hiramatsu, Hiroki Itoh","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Augmented renal clearance (ARC) and febrile neutropenia (FN) increase drug clearance primarily through glomerular filtration. In this study, we evaluated the influence of ARC and FN on dose-normalized trough concentration (C/D) and/or clearance of teicoplanin (TEIC) by comparing C/D between patients with ARC and non-ARC, and C/D and clearance between patients with FN and non-FN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study enrolled 309 patients who received intravenous injections of TEIC between July 2016 and September 2021. Of the 94 patients who met the selection criteria, 25 satisfied the ARC definition, and 31 satisfied the FN definition. Using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula, ARC was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 96.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 or higher. FN was defined as an axillary temperature 37.5°C or higher and neutrophil count of less than 500/μL. TEIC clearance was estimated using a population pharmacokinetic model for adult Japanese patients with Bayesian estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the non-ARC group (n = 69), the ARC group (n = 25) had a significantly lower first trough concentration (P = 0.014) and lower C/D (P = 0.009). By contrast, the FN (n = 31) and non-FN (n = 63) groups did not differ significantly in the first trough concentration, C/D, or clearance (P = 0.294, 0.945, and 0.337, respectively). Forced-entry multiple regression analysis identified ARC as the only independent factor associated with C/D (P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher TEIC loading dose may be required for patients with ARC, regardless of the presence or absence of FN.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dalbavancin Pharmacokinetics in an 18-Month-Old Child Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Short Communication.","authors":"Alessia Cafaro, Giammarco Baiardi, Alessio Mesini, Marcello Mariani, Andrea Moscatelli, Elisabetta Lampugnani, Maria Beatrice Damasio, Giuliana Cangemi, Elio Castagnola, Francesca Mattioli","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving support for patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure. During ECMO support, the pharmacokinetics of drugs is often affected. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobial agents ensures drug concentrations remain within the therapeutic range of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target. Case presentation: In this study, we describe the pharmacokinetic profile of dalbavancin in an 18-month-old child during ECMO and after ECMO discontinuation. The noncompartmental analysis revealed a notable impact of ECMO on dalbavancin clearance, estimated to be 2.13 times higher during ECMO than after ECMO discontinuation and accounting for a reduction of 52.32% in terminal half-life (79.13 vs 165.98 hours). Conclusion: This pharmacokinetic alteration in dalbavancin disposition during ECMO may lead to suboptimal drug exposure, possibly impairing the ability to maintain PK/PD efficacy of dalbavancin over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Monitoring of 3 Antiviral Drugs in Serum Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Full Validation and Clinical Application.","authors":"Laura Conesa, Gonzalo Gonzalez-Silva, Lydia Peris-Serra, Sarai Garriga-Edo, Laura Castellote, Roser Ferrer, Yolanda Villena","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients undergoing solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at risk of opportunistic pathogenic infections that increase morbidity and mortality. Universal antiviral prophylaxis improves the outcomes in this context. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiviral drugs is not universally recommended but may be necessary in certain complex or polymorbid patients. The authors aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to simultaneously quantify ganciclovir, acyclovir, and letermovir in human serum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A stable isotopically labeled internal standard was used for each antiviral drug. Compounds were extracted by protein precipitation, evaporation, and reconstitution in an aqueous mobile phase. Samples were analyzed using reverse-phase chromatography with subsequent detection by electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (run time: 6.5 minutes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analytical curves for ganciclovir and acyclovir exhibited linearity within 0.1-25 mg/L (R2 > 0.993), whereas for letermovir, the linear range was 0.01-2 mg/L (R2 = 0.999). Matrix effects were not observed. Intraday and interday precision and accuracy were within ±15%. A therapeutic drug monitoring-guided strategy was explored to optimize preemptive antiviral drug therapy in 3 cohorts of transplant recipients. Seventy-nine samples from 35 patients were quantified, revealing median trough concentrations of 0.2 mg/L for ganciclovir (n = 21), 0.28 mg/L for acyclovir (n = 26), and 0.29 mg/L for letermovir (n = 32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This method has been successfully applied in clinical settings and allows reliable and accurate drug-level measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Validation of Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Lamotrigine in Patients with Epilepsy or Postneurosurgery.","authors":"Yunshu Jia, Jin Guo, Hua Yang, Qian Lu, Yingjun He, Zhigang Zhao, Shenghui Mei","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of published lamotrigine (LTG) population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models using an external data set of Chinese patients with epilepsy or postneurosurgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 348 concentration measurements from 94 Chinese children and 254 Chinese adults with epilepsy or postneurosurgery were used for external validation. Data on published LTG PPK models were obtained from the literature. The predictability of the models was assessed using prediction-based diagnostics (eg, F20 and F30), simulation-based diagnostics, and Bayesian forecasting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of prediction-based diagnostics for all 10 models were unsatisfactory. The best-performing models, characterized as one-compartment models with nonlinear pharmacokinetics, incorporated weight as a key covariate and included interindividual variability for both clearance and volume of distribution. These models achieved exceptional predictive performance in simulation-based diagnostics and Bayesian forecasting, with IF30 values of 90.32%, 97.23%, and 99.61%, respectively, demonstrating superior precision and accuracy. Bayesian forecasting improved the predictive accuracy of 80% of the models, significantly enhancing model predictability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The published PPK models show extensive variation in predictive performance for extrapolation among Chinese patients with epilepsy or postneurosurgery. The lack of key covariates (such as concomitant medications, genetic polymorphisms, and age stratification) and fixed parameters of volume of distribution and absorption rate constant in the PPK modeling of LTG may explain its unsatisfactory predictive performance. Bayesian forecasting significantly improves the model predictability and may help individualize LTG dosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of UGT1A4 Polymorphisms on the Posaconazole Serum Trough Concentrations in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Delayed-Release Tablets.","authors":"François Parant, Marie-Claude Gagnieu, Laurie Di-Pilla, Alexandre Deloire, Anaëlle Joassard, Aurélien Millet, David Barthélémy, Léa Payen, Sophie Ducastelle-Lepretre","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Posaconazole (PCZ) is recommended for antifungal prophylaxis in neutropenic patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although the delayed-release (DR) tablet of PCZ has better bioavailability than the oral suspension, the serum target trough concentrations of PCZ are not achieved in all patients. Because the metabolism of PCZ is mainly mediated by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4), we investigated whether UGT1A4 polymorphisms affect PCZ exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center prospective cohort study included 88 adult patients with AML undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy and receiving PCZ prophylaxis with DR tablets. PCZ and PCZ-glucuronide concentrations were measured on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after chemotherapy initiation using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The patients were genotyped for UGT1A4 polymorphisms using high-throughput sequencing. Logistic regression tested the association between suboptimal PCZ concentrations defined as median PCZ concentrations below 0.5 mg/L during the prophylaxis course and the 2 common UGT1A4 polymorphisms: UGT1A4 (c.70C>A) and UGT1A4 (c.142T>G) (referred to as UGT1A4*2 and *3, respectively).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suboptimal PCZ concentrations were common despite treatment with PCZ DR tablets in induction chemotherapy: 13/88 (15%) and consolidation chemotherapy: 6/28 (21%). An increased risk of suboptimal PCZ concentrations was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.029), male sex (P = 0.034), and presence of the UGT1A4*3 haplotype (P = 0.031). In addition, patients with the UGT1A4*3 haplotype tended to have higher metabolite-to-parent drug ratios than noncarriers (P = 0.069).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The UGT1A4*3 polymorphism independently contributed to the risk of suboptimal PCZ concentrations in patients with AML taking DR tablets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Lenvatinib Concentration Monitoring in a Patient With Thyroid Cancer Exhibiting Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Case Report.","authors":"Yusuke Watanabe, Kosuke Doki, Ikuo Sekine, Hisato Hara, Masato Homma","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse event associated with lenvatinib treatment. Lenvatinib dose adjustment using therapeutic drug monitoring may be beneficial in the management of HFS, as symptoms improve with dose reduction or treatment interruption. The serum lenvatinib levels were monitored in a patient with lenvatinib-induced HFS.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 74-year-old woman was administered lenvatinib (24 mg/d) for papillary thyroid cancer. Although lenvatinib was withheld several times owing to the occurrence of HFS, the severity of the HFS was controlled to within grade 1 by reducing the dose to 4 mg/d. The lenvatinib dose was subsequently increased to 8 mg/d owing to the progression of lung metastases, resulting in increased HFS severity. The association between serum lenvatinib levels and the severity of HFS was examined in this case: serum lenvatinib levels were higher in grade 2 HFS than in grade 1 HFS (median 42.1 vs. 22.5 ng/mL; P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case's findings suggest that serum lenvatinib concentrations are associated with the severity of lenvatinib-induced HFS and that there may be an overlap between drug concentrations, metastatic suppression, and the grade of HFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Validation of a Nomogram for Determining the Optimal Dose of Lamotrigine for Augmentation Therapy in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.","authors":"Takeshi Suzuki, Goyo Nagai, Kazuo Mihara, Yoko Tomori, Shoko Kagawa, Akifumi Nakamura, Kenji Nemoto, Tsuyoshi Kondo","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research has shown that a plasma lamotrigine concentration of 12.7 µmol/L may be a threshold for a good therapeutic response to lamotrigine augmentation therapy in Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression. The optimal dose of lamotrigine can be predicted using a previously established nomogram based on the plasma lamotrigine concentration at week 2. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the validity of this nomogram.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 59 patients with depression who showed insufficient therapeutic responses to psychotropics, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. The patients were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (n = 26), bipolar II disorder (n = 25), or bipolar I disorder (n = 8). Lamotrigine was administered to all the patients. The initial dose of lamotrigine was 25 mg/d for 32 patients not taking valproate and 25 mg/d every other day for 27 patients taking valproate. Blood samples were collected at week 2 and at least 2 weeks after the final daily dose, which was estimated by a nomogram based on the plasma lamotrigine concentration at week 2. The plasma concentrations of lamotrigine were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 30 of the 32 patients (93.8%) who were not taking valproate and 23 of the 27 patients (85.2%) who were taking valproate, a plasma lamotrigine concentration of 12.7 mcg/mL or higher was achieved at the final daily administration of lamotrigine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the present study suggest that the previously established nomogram is valid for determining the optimal dose of lamotrigine for Japanese patients with treatment-resistant depression in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Application of Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Oral Targeted Anticancer Drugs.","authors":"Marinda Meertens, Nikki Kerssemakers, Niels de Vries, Hilde Rosing, Neeltje Steeghs, Jos H Beijnen, Alwin D R Huitema","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Therapeutic Drug Monitoring optimizes oral anticancer drug treatment by measuring plasma levels. Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) allows home sampling with a minimal blood sample. However, methods for converting whole blood into plasma are required to interpret these results. This study aimed to establish conversion methods for abiraterone, alectinib, cabozantinib, imatinib, olaparib, sunitinib, and their metabolites, while assessing the differences between venous and capillary blood. The feasibility of home sampling was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma and VAMS samples, both from venipuncture-collected whole blood tubes and from a finger prick, were collected from each patient. The VAMS samples were deemed comparable if their concentrations were within ±20% of each other for ≥2/3rd of the patients. The Passing-Bablok regression and conversion factor methods were tested for the plasma and VAMS finger prick samples. The estimated plasma concentrations using both methods were required to be within ±20% of the measured plasma concentrations for ≥2/3rd of the pairs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 153 patients were enrolled in this study. Conversion methods were applied to the VAMS samples, and the acceptance criteria were met for alectinib-M4, cabozantinib, imatinib, N-desmethyl imatinib, olaparib, sunitinib, and N-desethyl sunitinib but not for abiraterone, D4A, or alectinib. The capillary and venous VAMS concentrations were similar, except for that of D4A. Patients were positive toward home sampling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The established VAMS conversion methods for 7 out of 10 oral targeted anticancer drugs or metabolites met the acceptance criteria. Future studies need to validate the conversion methods with an independent cohort and integrate home sampling via VAMS to provide patients with an alternative to venipuncture at the outpatient clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Documentation of a Purple Urine Bag Syndrome Case.","authors":"Alexandr Gish, Apolline Saint Omer, Juliette Faillie, Arnaud Lionet, Aghiles Hamroun, Olivier Gaillot, Marie Lenski, Jean-Michel Gaulier","doi":"10.1097/FTD.0000000000001313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000001313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23052,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}