Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease最新文献

{"title":"Effects of exercise prescribed at different levels of claudication pain on walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Stefan T Birkett,&nbsp;Jonathan Sinclair,&nbsp;Sally A Seed,&nbsp;Sean Pymer,&nbsp;Edward Caldow,&nbsp;Lee Ingle,&nbsp;Amy E Harwood,&nbsp;Anselm Egun","doi":"10.1177/17539447221108817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221108817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral artery disease affects over 236 million people globally and the classic symptom is intermittent claudication (IC) which is associated with reduction in physical activity. The evidence that supervised exercise programmes (SEPs) improve pain-free and maximal walking distance is irrefutable. However, adherence rates are low with exercise-related pain cited as a contributing factor. National and international guidelines recommend exercising at a moderate to maximal level of claudication pain to improve walking ability; however, exercising pain-free or at mild claudication pain has been shown to achieve this outcome. There is limited evidence that compares the relative effects of exercise prescribed at different levels of claudication pain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to directly compare the effects of exercise prescribed at three different levels of claudication pain on walking performance.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This study will be a single-centre randomised controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on an <i>a priori</i> power calculation, 51 patients with IC will be allocated to 24 weeks of twice-weekly pain-free (PF), moderate pain (MOD-P) or maximal pain (MAX-P) exercise. The PF group will cease exercise at the onset of claudication (1 on the 0-4 IC rating scale), the MOD-P group will stop once moderate pain is reached (2 on the rating scale) and the MAX-P group will stop once maximal pain is reached (4 on the rating scale).</p><p><strong>Analysis: </strong>Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks adopting an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare MWD across three time points. The primary outcome for the trial will be change in maximal treadmill walking distance at 12 and 24 weeks.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>Trial registration number: NCT04370327.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"17539447221108817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9243571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40406152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of left heart intracardiac thrombus: clinical needs, current imaging, and emerging cardiac magnetic resonance techniques.","authors":"Peng Chang,&nbsp;Jiayu Xiao,&nbsp;Zhehao Hu,&nbsp;Alan C Kwan,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Fan","doi":"10.1177/17539447221107737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221107737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracardiac thrombus in the left atrium and atrial appendage (LA/LAA) and left ventricle (LV) increases the risk of systemic thromboembolism and causes potentially devastating diseases such as ischemic stroke and acute ischemia in abdominal organs and lower extremities. Detecting the presence and monitoring the resolution of left heart intracardiac thrombus are of vital importance for stratifying patients and guiding treatment decisions. Currently, echocardiography is the most frequently used method for the above clinical needs, followed by computed tomography. An increasing number of studies have been performed to investigate the value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as an alternative imaging modality given its several unique strengths. This article provides an overview of the clinical relevance of the LA/LAA and LV thrombus as well as the diagnostic performance of the current imaging modalities and emerging CMR techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"17539447221107737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/43/6b/10.1177_17539447221107737.PMC9243573.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40407001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular heart disease medication use: time-series analysis of England's prescription data during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2019 to October 2020).","authors":"Ravina Barrett,&nbsp;James Hodgkinson","doi":"10.1177/17539447221137170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221137170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management of high blood pressure (BP) typically requires adherence to medication regimes. However, it is known that the COVID-19 pandemic both interrupted access to some routine prescriptions and changed some patient health behaviours.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study, therefore, retrospectively investigated prescription reimbursement of cardiovascular (CVD) medicines as a proxy measure for patient adherence and access to medicines during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study of all primary care patients in England prescribed CVD medicines. The exposure was to the global pandemic. Prescriptions were compared before and after the pandemic's onset. Statistical variation was the outcome of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Descriptive statistics show changes to monthly prescriptions, with wide confidence intervals indicating varying underlying practice. Analysis of variance reveals statistically significant differences for bendroflumethiazide, potassium-sparing diuretics, nicorandil, ezetimibe, ivabradine, ranolazine, colesevelam and midodrine. After the pandemic began (March-October 2020), negative parameters are observed for ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, statins, antiplatelet, antithrombotics, ARBs, loop diuretics, doxazosin, bendroflumethiazide, nitrates and indapamide, indicating decelerating monthly prescription items (statistically significant declines of calcium channel blockers, antithrombotic, adrenoreceptor blockers and diuretics) of CVD medicines within the general population. Many data points are not statistically significant, but fluctuations remain clinically important for the large population of patients taking these medications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A concerning decline in uptake of CVD therapies for chronic heart disease was observed. Accessible screening and treatment alongside financial relief on prescription levies are needed. A video abstract is (4 min 51 s) available: https://bit.ly/39gvEHi.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"17539447221137170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/cc/10.1177_17539447221137170.PMC9702971.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40481965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of morphine use in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema on mortality outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Thivanka N Witharana, R. Baral, V. Vassiliou","doi":"10.1177/17539447221087587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221087587","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Morphine is commonly used in the management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) do not recommend the routine use of opioids in acute heart failure (AHF) due to dose-dependent side effects. However, the effect of morphine remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the link between morphine use in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and mortality. Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to October 2021. All studies were included (randomized, non-randomized, observational, prospective and retrospective). The references for all the articles were reviewed for potential articles of interest with no language restrictions. Studies looking at in-hospital mortality along with other outcomes were chosen. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to appraise the studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Review Manager Software version 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014), by computing odds ratios (ORs) for pooled in-hospital mortality and clinical outcomes. Results: Six observational studies out of the 73 publications identified were eligible for the meta-analysis giving a total sample size of 152,859 (mean age 75, males 48%). Of these, four were retrospective analyses. The use of morphine in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema was associated with an increased rate of in-hospital mortality [OR = 2.39, confidence interval (CI) = 1.13 to 5.08, p = 0.02], increased need for invasive ventilation (OR = 6.14, CI = 5.84 to 6.46, p < 0.00001), increased need for non-invasive ventilation (OR = 1.85, CI = 1.45 to 2.36, p < 0.00001) and increased need for vasopressors/inotropes (OR = 2.93, CI = 2.20 to 3.89, p < 0.00001). Conclusion: Based on the observational studies, morphine use in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is associated with worse outcomes. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm any causative effect of morphine on mortality rates in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47662998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic benefits of distal ventricular pacing in mid-cavity obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","authors":"James W Malcolmson,&nbsp;Rebecca K Hughes,&nbsp;Abhishek Joshi,&nbsp;Jackie Cooper,&nbsp;Alexander Breitenstein,&nbsp;Matthew Ginks,&nbsp;Steffen E Petersen,&nbsp;Saidi A Mohiddin,&nbsp;Mehul B Dhinoja","doi":"10.1177/17539447221108816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221108816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with left ventricular (LV) mid-cavity obstruction (LVMCO) often experience severe drug-refractory symptoms thought to be related to intraventricular obstruction. We tested whether ventricular pacing, guided by invasive haemodynamic assessment, reduced LVMCO and improved refractory symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between December 2008 and December 2017, 16 HCM patients with severe refractory symptoms and LVMCO underwent device implantation with haemodynamic pacing study to assess the effect on invasively defined LVMCO gradients. The effect on the gradient of atrioventricular (AV) synchronous pacing from sites including right ventricular (RV) apex and middle cardiac vein (MCV) was retrospectively assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Invasive haemodynamic data were available in 14 of 16 patients. Mean pre-treatment intracavitary gradient was 77 ± 22 mmHg (in sinus rhythm) <i>versus</i> 21 ± 21 mmHg during pacing from optimal ventricular site (95% CI: -70.86 to -40.57, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Optimal pacing site was distal MCV in 12/16 (86%), RV apex in 1/16 and via epicardial LV lead in 1/16. Pre-pacing Doppler-derived gradients were significantly higher than at follow-up (47 ± 15 <i>versus</i> 24 ± 16 mmHg, 95% CI: -37.19 to -13.73, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Median baseline NYHA class was 3, which had improved by ⩾1 NYHA class in 13 of 16 patients at 1-year post-procedure (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The mean follow-up duration was 4.6 ± 2.7 years with the following outcomes: 8/16 (50%) had continued symptomatic improvement, 4/16 had symptomatic decline and 4/16 died. Contributors to symptomatic decline included chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) (<i>n</i> = 5), phrenic nerve stimulation (<i>n</i> = 3) and ventricular ectopy (<i>n</i> = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In drug-refractory symptomatic LVMCO, distal ventricular pacing can reduce intracavitary obstruction and may provide long-term symptomatic relief in patients with limited treatment options. A haemodynamic pacing study is an effective strategy for identifying optimal pacing site and configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"17539447221108816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/42/80/10.1177_17539447221108816.PMC9350522.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40576961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The GENICA project - a prospective cohort of heart failure patients with a comprehensive ambulatory approach aiming better outcomes: study protocol.","authors":"Carla Sofia de Almeida Martins,&nbsp;João Abranches Figueiredo Simões de Carvalho,&nbsp;Manuel Vaz da Silva,&nbsp;Luís Martins","doi":"10.1177/17539447221132908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221132908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome increasing worldwide, and literature shows that the hospitalizations are associated with greater mortality rates. A patient-centered method combined with optimized medical treatment and palliative care may improve HF outcomes, and some advocate a multifaceted approach to achieve a perfect management of chronic HF (CHF).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to present the study protocol of GENICA project which aims to optimize the ambulatory approach of CHF patients, and reduce their re-hospitalization, emergency readmission, and global death rate.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort including patients referred to HF consultation and collecting sociodemographic, clinical, and analytical variables among others. The outcomes will be mortality, re-hospitalization, and emergency readmission rates. The association between the independent variables and outcomes will be assessed by logistic regression. Comparison between GENICA patients and controls will be made by χ² test. Significance at <i>p</i> level of less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GENICA will offer a wide range of longitudinal data with evidence that will influence future healthcare of CHF patients at an ambulatory basis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>GENICA will provide practical evidence of real HF patient's profile and develop workable decision algorithms, which will influence future ambulatory care of CHF. HF patients will be safer at home and will keep stability for longer periods, consuming less health resources and slow the progression of the disease. Being a matched cohort, GENICA benefits from an accuracy similar to that of randomized controlled trials, without the need to perform a rigorous allocation of the intervention. Being prospective there's no problem about response bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CHF should be approached with a multidisciplinary and multifaceted strategy privileging the outpatient setting, including home monitoring, and GENICA is the paramount protocol enabling this. GENICA may come to show health policy makers that the asset is not to divide and rule, but to converge strategies, therapies, and knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"17539447221132908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/0d/10.1177_17539447221132908.PMC9666848.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40684824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: current applications, technology readiness level, and future perspectives.","authors":"Sophie C Rier,&nbsp;Suzan Vreemann,&nbsp;Wouter H Nijhof,&nbsp;Vincent J H M van Driel,&nbsp;Ivo A C van der Bilt","doi":"10.1177/17539447221119624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221119624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides excellent temporal and spatial resolution, tissue characterization, and flow measurements. This enables major advantages when guiding cardiac invasive procedures compared with X-ray fluoroscopy or ultrasound guidance. However, clinical implementation is limited due to limited availability of technological advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible equipment. A systematic review of the available literature on past and present applications of interventional MR and its technology readiness level (TRL) was performed, also suggesting future applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured literature search was performed using PubMed. Search terms were focused on interventional CMR, cardiac catheterization, and other cardiac invasive procedures. All search results were screened for relevance by language, title, and abstract. TRL was adjusted for use in this article, level 1 being in a hypothetical stage and level 9 being widespread clinical translation. The papers were categorized by the type of procedure and the TRL was estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 466 papers, 117 papers met the inclusion criteria. TRL was most frequently estimated at level 5 meaning only applicable to <i>in vivo</i> animal studies. Diagnostic right heart catheterization and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation had the highest TRL of 8, meaning proven feasibility and efficacy in a series of humans.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This article shows that interventional CMR has a potential widespread application although clinical translation is at a modest level with TRL usually at 5. Future development should be directed toward availability of MR-compatible equipment and further improvement of the CMR techniques. This could lead to increased TRL of interventional CMR providing better treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"17539447221119624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/d6/10.1177_17539447221119624.PMC9434707.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33448262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypharmacy among older individuals with heart failure: trends between 2000 and 2017 in the province of Quebec, Canada.","authors":"Alexandre Campeau Calfat,&nbsp;Marc Simard,&nbsp;Amina Ouali,&nbsp;Claudia Blais,&nbsp;Caroline Sirois","doi":"10.1177/17539447221113946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221113946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pharmacological management of heart failure and comorbidities may result in polypharmacy, but there are few population-based studies that portray the use of medications over time. We aimed to describe the trends in polypharmacy and medication use in older adults with heart failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a study including all adults >65 years with heart failure between 2000 and 2017 using health administrative databases in Quebec, Canada. Medication use was ascertained by the presence of at least one claim in each year. We defined three levels of polypharmacy: ⩾10, ⩾15 and ⩾20 different medications/year, and evaluated the use of guideline-recommended and potentially inappropriate medications. We calculated age- and sex-standardized proportions of users each year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of ⩾10, ⩾15 and ⩾20 medications increased from 62.2%, 30.6% and 12.2% in 2000 to 71.9%, 43.9% and 22.7%, respectively, in 2017. The combination of β-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) was used by 30.4% of individuals in 2000 and 45.5% in 2017. ACEI/ARB users decreased from 65.8% in 2000 to 62.1% in 2017. Potentially inappropriate medication use decreased over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polypharmacy is significant among older adults with heart failure. Implications of such medication burden should be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"17539447221113946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/b1/10.1177_17539447221113946.PMC9310220.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40537105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between single nucleotide polymorphism SLCO1B1 gene and simvastatin pleiotropic effects measured through flow-mediated dilation endothelial function parameters.","authors":"Andrianto,&nbsp;Mia Puspitasari,&nbsp;Meity Ardiana,&nbsp;Ivana Purnama Dewi,&nbsp;Khubay Alvia Shonafi,&nbsp;Louisa Fadjri Kusuma Wardhani,&nbsp;Ricardo Adrian Nugraha","doi":"10.1177/17539447221132367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447221132367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Atherosclerosis is a condition in which the medium to large arteries become inflamed over time. The cornerstone to the atherosclerosis process is endothelial dysfunction. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug known for its endothelial cell pleiotropic properties. The role of genetic polymorphisms in simvastatin-resistance difficulties has recently piqued people's interest. This problem is thought to be linked to the pleiotropic action of simvastatin, particularly in terms of restoring endothelial function. The goal of this study is to see if there is a link between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.521T>C and the pleiotropic effect of simvastatin as determined by the endothelial function parameter, flow-mediated dilation (FMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was a multicentre cross-sectional study including 71 hypercholesterolemia patients who have been on simvastatin for at least 3 months. The real-time polymerase chain reaction identified SNP c.521T>C. The right brachial artery ultrasonography was used to measure FMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 71 hypercholesterolemia patients, the SNP c.521T>C was found in 9.9% of them. On χ² analysis, there was no significant association between SNP c.521T>C (TC genotype) and FMD (<i>p</i> = 0.973). On logistic regression analysis, the duration of simvastatin medication was linked with an increased incidence (Adj. OR (adjusted odds ratio) = 2.424; confidence interval (CI) = 1.117-5.260, <i>p</i> = 0.025) and a reduction in systolic blood pressure (Adj. OR = 0.92; CI = 0.025-0.333, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no association between FMD and the SNP c.521T>C (TC genotype). The duration of simvastatin medication and systolic blood pressure were both associated to FMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"17539447221132367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/55/10.1177_17539447221132367.PMC9629567.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40673421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of infective endocarditis before <i>versus</i> after change of international guidelines: a systematic review.","authors":"Michael L Williams,&nbsp;Mathew P Doyle,&nbsp;Nicholas McNamara,&nbsp;Daniel Tardo,&nbsp;Manish Mathew,&nbsp;Benjamin Robinson","doi":"10.1177/17539447211002687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17539447211002687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>All major international guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis (IE) have undergone major revisions, recommending antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) restriction to high-risk patients or foregoing AP completely. We performed a systematic review to investigate the effect of these guideline changes on the global incidence of IE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic database searches were performed using Ovid Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science. Studies were included if they compared the incidence of IE prior to and following any change in international guideline recommendations. Relevant studies fulfilling the predefined search criteria were categorized according to their inclusion of either adult or pediatric patients. Incidence of IE, causative microorganisms and AP prescription rates were compared following international guideline updates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were included, reporting over 1.3 million cases of IE. The crude incidence of IE following guideline updates has increased globally. Adjusted incidence increased in one study after European guideline updates, while North American rates did not increase. Cases of IE with a causative pathogen identified ranged from 62% to 91%. Rates of streptococcal IE varied across adult and pediatric populations, while the relative proportion of staphylococcal IE increased (range pre-guidelines 16-24.8%, range post-guidelines 26-43%). AP prescription trends were reduced in both moderate and high-risk patients following guideline updates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The restriction of AP to only high-risk patients has not resulted in an increase in the incidence of streptococcal IE in North American populations. The evidence of the impact of AP restriction on IE incidence is still unclear for other populations. Future population-based studies with adjusted incidence of IE, AP prescription rates and accurate pathogen identification are required to delineate findings further in these other regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23035,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"17539447211002687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17539447211002687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25546035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}