P. Zhang, C. Sun, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, K. He, Y. Chen, Z. Ye
{"title":"Thermal stability of atomic layer deposition Al2O3 film on HgCdTe","authors":"P. Zhang, C. Sun, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, K. He, Y. Chen, Z. Ye","doi":"10.1117/12.2180414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180414","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal stability of Atomic Layer Deposition Al2O3 film on HgCdTe was investigated by Al2O3 film post-deposition annealing treatment and Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor device low-temperature baking treatment. The effectiveness of Al2O3 film was evaluated by measuring the minority carrier lifetime and capacitance versus voltage characteristics. After annealing treatment, the minority carrier lifetime of the HgCdTe sample presented a slight decrease. Furthermore, the fixed charge density and the slow charge density decreased significantly in the annealed MIS device. After baking treatment, the fixed charge density and the slow charge density of the unannealed and annealed MIS devices decreased and increased, respectively.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130215996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing narcissus with a GRIN","authors":"J. Vizgaitis, Arthur R. Hastings","doi":"10.1117/12.2183589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183589","url":null,"abstract":"Narcissus is caused by the reflection of the cold stop off a lens surface back to the image plane of a cooled infrared system and can be very difficult to remove from a lens design perspective. New infrared GRIN materials show the ability to reduce the amount of narcissus in an optical system without the reduction in performance or addition of optical elements.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116021444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bayya, D. Gibson, V. Nguyen, J. Sanghera, M. Kotov, G. Drake, J. Deegan, G. Lindberg
{"title":"Design and fabrication of multispectral optics using expanded glass map","authors":"S. Bayya, D. Gibson, V. Nguyen, J. Sanghera, M. Kotov, G. Drake, J. Deegan, G. Lindberg","doi":"10.1117/12.2177289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177289","url":null,"abstract":"As the desire to have compact multispectral imagers in various DoD platforms is growing, the dearth of multispectral optics is widely felt. With the limited number of material choices for optics, these multispectral imagers are often very bulky and impractical on several weight sensitive platforms. To address this issue, NRL has developed a large set of unique infrared glasses that transmit from 0.9 to > 14 μm in wavelength and expand the glass map for multispectral optics with refractive indices from 2.38 to 3.17. They show a large spread in dispersion (Abbe number) and offer some unique solutions for multispectral optics designs. The new NRL glasses can be easily molded and also fused together to make bonded doublets. A Zemax compatible glass file has been created and is available upon request. In this paper we present some designs, optics fabrication and imaging, all using NRL materials.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123247141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Gibson, S. Bayya, V. Nguyen, J. Sanghera, M. Kotov, G. Drake
{"title":"GRIN optics for multispectral infrared imaging","authors":"D. Gibson, S. Bayya, V. Nguyen, J. Sanghera, M. Kotov, G. Drake","doi":"10.1117/12.2177136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177136","url":null,"abstract":"Graded index (GRIN) optics offer potential for both weight savings and increased performance but have so far been limited to visible and NIR bands (wavelengths shorter than about 0.9 μm). NRL is developing a capability to extend GRIN optics to longer wavelengths in the infrared by exploiting diffused IR transmitting chalcogenide glasses. These IR-GRIN lenses are compatible with all IR wavebands (SWIR, MWIR and LWIR) and can be used alongside conventional wideband materials. Traditional multiband IR imagers require many elements for correction of chromatic aberrations, making them large and heavy and not well-suited for weight sensitive platforms. IR-GRIN optical elements designed with simultaneous optical power and chromatic correction can reduce the number of elements in wideband systems, making multi-band IR imaging practical for platforms including small UAVs and soldier handheld, helmet or weapon mounted cameras. The IR-GRIN lens technology, design space and anti-reflection considerations are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121023911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Prasad, R. Sibell, S. Vetorino, R. Higgins, A. Tracy
{"title":"An all-fiber, modular, compact wind lidar for wind sensing and wake vortex applications","authors":"N. Prasad, R. Sibell, S. Vetorino, R. Higgins, A. Tracy","doi":"10.1117/12.2181170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2181170","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses an innovative, compact and eyesafe coherent lidar system developed for wind and wake vortex sensing applications. With an innovative all-fiber and modular transceiver architecture, the wind lidar system has reduced size, weight and power requirements, and provides enhanced performance along with operational elegance. This all-fiber architecture is developed around fiber seed laser coupled to uniquely configured fiber amplifier modules. The innovative features of this lidar system, besides its all fiber architecture, include pulsewidth agility and user programmable 3D hemispherical scanner unit. Operating at a wavelength of 1.5457 microns and with a PRF of up to 20 KHz, the lidar transmitter system is designed as a Class 1 system with dimensions of 30”(W) x 46”(L) x 60”(H). With an operational range exceeding 10 km, the wind lidar is configured to measure wind velocities of greater than 120 m/s with an accuracy of +/- 0.2 m/s and allow range resolution of less than 15 m. The dynamical configuration capability of transmitted pulsewidths from 50 ns to 400 ns allows high resolution wake vortex measurements. The scanner uses innovative liquid metal slip ring and is built using 3D printer technology with light weight nylon. As such, it provides continuous 360 degree azimuth and 180 degree elevation scan angles with an incremental motion of 0.001 degree. The lidar system is air cooled and requires 110 V for its operation. This compact and modular lidar system is anticipated to provide mobility, reliability, and ease of field deployment for wind and wake vortex measurements. Currently, this wind lidar is undergoing validation tests under various atmospheric conditions. Preliminary results of these field measurements of wind characteristics that were recently carried out in Colorado are discussed.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117073501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin G. Yager, T. Albert, B. Brower, Matthew F. Pellechia
{"title":"Addressing fundamental architectural challenges of an activity-based intelligence and advanced analytics (ABIAA) system","authors":"Kevin G. Yager, T. Albert, B. Brower, Matthew F. Pellechia","doi":"10.1117/12.2177492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177492","url":null,"abstract":"The domain of Geospatial Intelligence Analysis is rapidly shifting toward a new paradigm of Activity Based Intelligence (ABI) and information-based Tipping and Cueing. General requirements for an advanced ABIAA system present significant challenges in architectural design, computing resources, data volumes, workflow efficiency, data mining and analysis algorithms, and database structures. These sophisticated ABI software systems must include advanced algorithms that automatically flag activities of interest in less time and within larger data volumes than can be processed by human analysts. In doing this, they must also maintain the geospatial accuracy necessary for cross-correlation of multi-intelligence data sources. Historically, serial architectural workflows have been employed in ABIAA system design for tasking, collection, processing, exploitation, and dissemination. These simpler architectures may produce implementations that solve short term requirements; however, they have serious limitations that preclude them from being used effectively in an automated ABIAA system with multiple data sources. This paper discusses modern ABIAA architectural considerations providing an overview of an advanced ABIAA system and comparisons to legacy systems. It concludes with a recommended strategy and incremental approach to the research, development, and construction of a fully automated ABIAA system.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126785895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Stelmash, T. Münsterer, Patrick Kramper, C. Samuelis, Daniel Bühler, M. Wegner, S. Sheth
{"title":"Flight test results of ladar brownout look-through capability","authors":"S. Stelmash, T. Münsterer, Patrick Kramper, C. Samuelis, Daniel Bühler, M. Wegner, S. Sheth","doi":"10.1117/12.2180629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180629","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses recent results of flight tests performed with the Airbus Defence and Space ladar system at Yuma Proving Grounds. The ladar under test was the SferiSense® system which is in operational use as an in-flight obstacle warning and avoidance system on the NH90 transport helicopter. Just minor modifications were done on the sensor firmware to optimize its performance in brownout. Also a new filtering algorithm fitted to segment dust artefacts out of the collected 3D data in real-time was employed. The results proved that this ladar sensor is capable to detect obstacles through brownout dust clouds with a depth extending up to 300 meters from the landing helicopter.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"9471 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Münsterer, M. Kress, Dennis Fadljevic, M. Lupton, Graham Passey, Tony Lamb
{"title":"Combining IR imagery and 3D lidar based symbology for a helicopter DVE support system","authors":"T. Münsterer, M. Kress, Dennis Fadljevic, M. Lupton, Graham Passey, Tony Lamb","doi":"10.1117/12.2180639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180639","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the results of an HMI development and ground tests related to the combination of distributed aperture imagery with a lidar based fused 3D symbology. The combined system was evaluated in a simulator environment and on a vehicle based ground demonstrator for its capability to significantly mitigate DVE conditions, especially night level 5.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Reibel, R. Taalat, A. Brunner, L. Rubaldo, T. Augey, A. Kerlain, N. Péré-Laperne, A. Manissadjian, O. Gravrand, P. Castelein, G. Destefanis
{"title":"Infrared SWAP detectors: pushing the limits","authors":"Y. Reibel, R. Taalat, A. Brunner, L. Rubaldo, T. Augey, A. Kerlain, N. Péré-Laperne, A. Manissadjian, O. Gravrand, P. Castelein, G. Destefanis","doi":"10.1117/12.2179212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179212","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for compact and low consumption infrared cooled detectors is driven by different products segments. Hand Held Thermal Imagers, UAV, small gimbals are some of them. End users are requiring devices easy to use with fast cool down time, excellent portability, low acoustic noise with no trade-offs in reliability and performance. These requirements are pushing the technology developments toward constant innovations on detectors, coolers, read out circuits and proximity electronic boards. In this paper we are discussing the different figures of merit and highlighting the challenges for the different components. An update on the developments of HOT technology for most advanced pixel pitch will be presented. Very compact products are driving the developments for innovative coolers and cryogenic solutions. A low power compact architecture is a must for electronic boards to optimize the overall system power consumption. Finally a look to the future requirements for further shrink will be addressed.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122816488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Cervera, N. Baier, O. Gravrand, L. Mollard, C. Lobre, G. Destefanis, J. Zanatta, O. Boulade, V. Moreau
{"title":"Low-dark current p-on-n MCT detector in long and very long-wavelength infrared","authors":"C. Cervera, N. Baier, O. Gravrand, L. Mollard, C. Lobre, G. Destefanis, J. Zanatta, O. Boulade, V. Moreau","doi":"10.1117/12.2179216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179216","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents recent developments done at CEA-LETI Infrared Laboratory on processing and characterization of p-on-n HgCdTe (MCT) planar infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) in LWIR and VLWIR spectral bands. These FPAs have been grown using liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on a lattice matched CdZnTe substrate. This technology presents lower dark current and lower serial resistance in comparison with n-on-p vacancy doped architecture and is well adapted for low flux detection or high operating temperature. This architecture has been evaluated for space applications in LWIR and VLWIR spectral bands with cutoff wavelengths from 10μμm up to 17μm at 78K. Innovations have been introduced to the technological process to form a heterojunction with a LPE growth technique. The aim was to lower dark current at low temperature, by decreasing currents from the depletion region. Electro-optical characterizations on p-on-n photodiodes have been performed on QVGA format FPAs with 30μm pixel pitches. Results show excellent operabilities in current and responsivity, with low dispersion and noise limited by current shot-noise. Studies performed on dark current show that dark current densities are consistent with the heuristic prediction law \"Rule07\" at 78K. Below this temperature, dark current varies as a pure diffusion current.","PeriodicalId":230211,"journal":{"name":"Defense + Security Symposium","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132009129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}