ACS Omega最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of In Silico and In Vitro Antidiabetic Properties of 4-(Hydroxysubstituted Arylidene)-2-Phenyloxazol-5(4H)-one Derivatives","authors":"Rashmi N. Jayasinghe,&nbsp;Nawanjana T. Padukkage Dona,&nbsp;Visal C. Lorensu Hewage,&nbsp;Nishal M. Egodawaththa,&nbsp;Nasri Nesnas and Medha J. Gunaratna*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c0906110.1021/acsomega.4c09061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c09061https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c09061","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oxazolones are heterocyclic molecules characterized by a five-membered ring containing both nitrogen and oxygen atoms. It is a significant pharmacophore for therapies as well as a synthon for many physiologically active compounds. Since diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how the body metabolizes sugars, the major focus of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of synthetic <b>4-(</b><b>Hydroxysubstituted arylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4</b><i>H</i><b>)-one</b> derivatives in silico and in vitro. Derivatives were synthesized by the Erlenmeyer and Justus method with slight modifications. Structures of the derivatives were confirmed by physical, FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS data. Mainly, the antidiabetic properties were determined via α<i>-</i>amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, glycation inhibitory activity, glucose uptake by yeast cell assay, and kinetic studies. The ability of synthesized compounds in the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, drug-likeness model score evaluations, possible adverse effects, and ADMET profiles were also investigated by in silico studies. The results indicate that <b>5e</b> exhibits the highest inhibition toward α-amylase enzyme with a mixed inhibition, while <b>5b</b> showed the highest inhibition toward α-glucosidase enzyme with a mixed inhibition pattern in the presence of acarbose as the standard drug. In the protein glycation inhibitory assay, <b>5e</b> demonstrated strong inhibition at higher concentrations, surpassing quercetin. Maximum potential to transport glucose across the cell membrane of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> was shown by <b>5e</b>. Under in silico studies, <b>5e</b> showed the highest drug-likeness score and the highest affinity for the α-amylase enzyme, while <b>5d</b> showed the highest affinity toward the α-glucosidase enzyme. These results show a good correlation between in vitro and in silico studies for <b>5e</b>. Overall, results from both in vitro and in silico studies suggest that the increment of the number of hydroxyl groups in the structure may enhance the activity of <b>5e</b> and the potential of synthesized oxazol-5(4<i>H</i>)-one derivatives with hydroxyl groups attached to the phenyl ring as promising candidates for the treatment of diabetic mellitus. Further, it suggests that more research is required to validate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of these compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"8009–8022 8009–8022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c09061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixture Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Mice","authors":"Bei Gao,&nbsp;Xiaochun Shi,&nbsp;Meng Zhao,&nbsp;Fangfang Ren,&nbsp;Weichen Xu,&nbsp;Nan Gao,&nbsp;Jinjun Shan and Weishou Shen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c0064510.1021/acsomega.4c00645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c00645https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c00645","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics are plastic particles with sizes of less than 5 mm. The ubiquity of microplastics in the environment has raised serious public health concerns. Microplastics could disturb the composition of the gut microbiota due to both chemical composition and physical interactions, which might further influence the metabolism and immune function of the host. However, most of the exposure studies chose microplastics of specific sizes. In the natural environment, living organisms are exposed to a mixture of microplastics of various sizes. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to polystyrene (PS) microplastics with different sizes, including microplastics with diameters of 0.05–0.1 μm (PS0.1 group, 100 ppb), 9–10 μm (PS10 group, 100 ppb), and microplastic mixtures of both 0.05–0.1 and 9–10 μm (PSMix group) at a total concentration of 100 ppb (50 ppb for each size). Mixture effects of microplastics were investigated on the composition of bacteria and fungi as well as functional metagenome and microbial genes encoding antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. We found that some bacteria, fungi, and microbial metabolic pathways were only altered in the PSMix group, not in the PS0.1 or PS10 group, suggesting the toxic effects of the microplastic mixture on the composition of fungi and bacteria, and the functional metagenome is different from the effects of microplastics at specific sizes. Meanwhile, altered genes encoding antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in the PSMix group were shared with the PS0.1 and PS10 groups, possibly due to functional redundancy. Our findings help improve the understanding of the toxic effects of the microplastic mixture on the gut microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"7597–7608 7597–7608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c00645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Transition Metal Cations on B75 Bentonite and Behavior of the Glass/Copper/Bentonite Barrier System under Simulated Repository Conditions","authors":"Margit Fabian*,&nbsp;Emese Varga,&nbsp;Istvan Tolnai and Janos Osan,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c1169910.1021/acsomega.4c11699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11699https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11699","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Since plans for a future deep geological repository (DGR) site have been published in Hungary, further study of their material characteristics has become essential to understand how to operate and design them properly fully. The main goal of this study is to understand the retention of cations (Ni(II) and Co(II)) by the B75 bentonite through adsorption and desorption experiments and the interactions between materials of the glass/copper/bentonite model system under repository conditions. The obtained adsorption and desorption isotherms show irreversible sorption of both ions at higher concentrations (above 10^–5 M), where the difference is higher in the case of the Ni(II) ions than for Co(II) ions. The surface study of the borosilicate glass shows an increasing trend in the concentration of Zr and O, and a decrease in the case of Si, Ba, Na, and B, showing an equilibrium state from the beginning. The surface of different physical shapes of copper (rod, tape, sliver) shows differences in the case of the rod; higher C and lower O amounts were found, which indicates the formation of Cu₂O; however, the difference between the samples was not influential. Based on the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, the concentration of elements in the pore water solutions was determined. The release of B, K, Na, and Si increased throughout the experiment; in contrast, the concentrations of divalent cations (Ca and Mg) decreased throughout the measurement. No copper dissolution was detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"8687–8695 8687–8695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c11699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of the First Photoswitchable Small-Molecule Agonist for the Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3","authors":"Sophie Bérenger,&nbsp;Justyna M. Adamska,&nbsp;Francesca Deflorian,&nbsp;Chris de Graaf,&nbsp;Christie B. Palmer,&nbsp;Martyna Szpakowska,&nbsp;Andy Chevigné,&nbsp;Iwan J. P. de Esch,&nbsp;Barbara Zarzycka,&nbsp;Henry F. Vischer,&nbsp;Maikel Wijtmans* and Rob Leurs*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c1158310.1021/acsomega.4c11583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11583https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11583","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photopharmacology offers the promise of optical modulation of cellular signaling in a spatially and temporally controlled fashion with light-sensitive molecules. This study presents the first small-molecule photoswitchable agonist for an atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3). Inspired by a known benzylpiperidine-based ACKR3 agonist scaffold, 12 photoswitchable azobenzene-containing analogs were synthesized and characterized for their interaction with ACKR3. After analysis of concise Structure–Photochemistry and Structure–Affinity Relationships (SAR), compound <b>3e</b> was selected as the best photoswitchable ACKR3 agonist in the series. Compound <b>3e</b> can be effectively switched from its thermodynamically stable <i>trans</i> state to the less active <i>cis</i>-isomer with a photostationary state of 96%. The thermodynamically less stable <i>cis-</i><b>3e</b> only slowly switches back to the <i>trans</i> state (<i>t</i>_1/2,37°C ∼ 15 days), and <i>trans</i>-<b>3e</b> binds and activates ACKR3 at 10-fold lower concentrations compared to its <i>cis</i>-isomer. Compound <b>3e</b> demonstrates selectivity for ACKR3 within in a wide panel of chemokine receptors. Using the recently published ACKR3 cryo-EM structures in computational studies, a binding mode for <i>trans</i>-<b>3e</b> is proposed that is perfectly in line with the observed SAR and the reduction in interaction with ACKR3 upon photoswitching. ACKR3 agonist <b>3e</b> (VUF25471) is the first photoswitchable ligand for an atypical GPCR and will be a useful tool to investigate the role of ACKR3 in biological settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"8675–8686 8675–8686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c11583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Selective Pyrene-Anchored Halloysite Nanotube for Fluorometric Determination of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol in Environmental and Food Samples","authors":"Vildan Sanko,&nbsp;İpek Ömeroğlu,&nbsp;Ahmet Şenocak and Süreyya Oğuz Tümay*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c0885710.1021/acsomega.4c08857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c08857https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c08857","url":null,"abstract":"<p >2,4,6-Trinitrophenol (TNP) is explosive, toxic, ecological, and a human health hazard and is resistant to degradation. It can cause symptoms such as headache, loss of appetite, dizziness, fever, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting when inhaled. In this study, we aimed to develop a new halloysite nanotube anchored with pyrene moieties (<b>HNT@Py</b>) for the sensitive determination of TNP in soil, wastewater, and food samples using fully aqueous media. The <b>HNT@Py</b> was characterized structurally, morphologically, and thermally by using FTIR, UV–vis, XRD, TGA, fluorescence, SEM, and TEM analyses. The detection conditions for the assay were investigated and optimized, including competitive species, incubation time, sensor concentration, photostability, and selectivity. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for TNP were found to be 14.00 nmol L^–1 and 42.00 nmol L^–1 in the linear response of 0.04 μmol L^–1 and 0.60 μmol L^–1 (<i>R</i>² = 0.9962), respectively. Validation of the current method was performed using the spike/recovery test and HPLC analyses, and it was subsequently utilized to successfully detect TNP with fluorescence in soil, food, and water samples. According to the obtained results, the suggested assay is dependent on the “turn-off” emission of <b>HNT@Py</b> with the PET mechanism between electron-deficient NACs and the electron-rich pyrene moieties. The sensor was found to be easy to use, extremely sensitive, and reliable in rapidly identifying TNP in real samples, displaying excellent flexibility and resilience. Additionally, detection membranes with regular morphology were obtained by the electrospinning method using <b>HNT@Py</b> nanostructures dispersed in the PCL matrix, and RGB changes were determined via a smartphone application.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"7949–7963 7949–7963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c08857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs): Comprehensive Insights into Bio/Synthesis, Key Influencing Factors, Multifaceted Applications, and Toxicity─A 2024 Update","authors":"Abhinav Sati,&nbsp;Tanvi N. Ranade,&nbsp;Suraj N. Mali*,&nbsp;Haya Khader Ahmad Yasin* and Amit Pratap*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c1104510.1021/acsomega.4c11045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11045https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11045","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely recognized for their unique optical, electronic, and antibacterial properties, enabling their use in biosensing, photonics, electronics, drug delivery, and antimicrobial treatments. Green chemistry-based biological synthesis methods offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical techniques. Among metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and metal oxides, those derived from plant extracts exhibit notable medicinal properties. Due to their exceptional stability and low chemical reactivity, AgNPs are particularly well-suited for various biological applications. AgNPs can be synthesized through chemical, physical, or biological methods, each with distinct benefits and challenges. Chemical and physical approaches often involve complex purification, reactive reagents, and high energy demands, while biological methods, though slower, provide sustainable solutions. The chosen synthesis method strongly influences the stability, size, and purity of the resulting NPs. This review emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate synthesis methods to optimize the characteristics and functionality of silver NPs. It consolidates research spanning the past two decades, including the most recent findings from 2024. A comprehensive electronic search of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was conducted to provide an up-to-date overview of advances in the synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"7549–7582 7549–7582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c11045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grignard Method for Preparing Thioesters from Esters and Its Application to One-Pot Synthesis of Ketones and Aldehydes","authors":"Shaheen K. Mulani,&nbsp;Jiaao Kang,&nbsp;Runlin Yang,&nbsp;Akinari Uchibayashi,&nbsp;Mitsuhiro Arisawa,&nbsp;Masahiko Seki* and Kazushi Mashima*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c1062210.1021/acsomega.4c10622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c10622https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c10622","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A new protocol for preparing thioesters from the corresponding methyl esters was developed using ^<i>i</i>PrMgCl and odorless 1-dodecanthiol, ^<i>n</i>C₁₂H₂₅SH, under mild reaction conditions, during which in situ-generated C₁₂H₂₅SMgCl selectively reacted with the carbonyl group of esters. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic esters were readily converted in up to 99% yield with excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, based on the quantitative formation of the thioesters, we successfully applied our method to a one-pot synthesis of ketones and aldehydes from esters.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"8462–8471 8462–8471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c10622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Antimicrobial and UV Resistance Properties of PC Blend and Recycled Cotton Fabric through Ag/TiO2 Nanocomposite","authors":"Md. Belal Uddin Rabbi,&nbsp;Md. Sakib Al Montasir,&nbsp;Esmail Hossain Emon,&nbsp;Abdur Rahim,&nbsp;Faysal Ahmmad Ridoy,&nbsp;Md. Nazmul Hasan Khan,&nbsp;Alal Ahmed Sani,&nbsp;Imana Shahrin Tania,&nbsp;Md. Rashedul Islam,&nbsp;Suravi Islam,&nbsp;Nazia Khatun and Sultana Bedoura*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c0734810.1021/acsomega.4c07348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c07348https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c07348","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Smart fabrics with multifunctional properties, such as antimicrobial reduction, superhydrophobicity, and UV resistance, have been highly desirable in medical textiles and sportswear. In this study, we demonstrate a cost-effective approach to achieving these properties. A nanosolution of silver and titanium dioxide was prepared, and a dip coating method was used to coat the polyester–cotton blend and 20% recycled cotton fabric. The investigation of the morphologies and chemical composition clarified the formation of Ag/TiO₂ coating on the fabric surface, with the average particle size of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles being ∼15 and ∼18 nm, respectively. The amorphous coating on fabric surfaces exhibited excellent antibacterial reduction against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (99.99%) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (99.99%) bacteria. Due to the TiO₂ nanoparticles on fabric surfaces, the coated fabric samples exhibited superhydrophobicity, with water contact angles of 160 ± 2 and 141 ± 2° for the polyester cotton blend fabric samples (PCBF-I, PCBF-II) and 148 ± 2 and 156 ± 2° for the 20% recycled cotton fabric samples (RCBF-I, RCBF-II). All of the coated fabrics showed UV-resistant properties, whereas 20% recycled cotton fabric (RCBF-II) showed the highest UV-protecting properties. The coated fabrics exhibited excellent, moderate, and good color fastness to wash, rubbing, and light properties, respectively. With its promising results, this simple and inexpensive technique is of significant interest for developing novel high-performance and multifunctional textiles, offering a cost-effective solution for the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"7697–7710 7697–7710"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c07348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Toxicity and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Syringaldehyde with Downregulation of SREBP-2 Gene Expression in Rats","authors":"Misbah Imtiaz,&nbsp;Nabi Shah*,&nbsp;Muhammad Ikram,&nbsp;Zia Uddin,&nbsp; Qurat-ul-Ain,&nbsp;Abdulhakeem S. Alamri,&nbsp;Majid Alhomrani and Abdul Jabbar Shah,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c1118410.1021/acsomega.4c11184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11184https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11184","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hyperlipidemia, a condition characterized by elevated lipid levels, presents significant cardiovascular risks. Syringaldehyde (SA), a phenolic aldehyde derived from plants, exhibits antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its potential toxicity and effects on hyperlipidemia have not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the safety profile and antihyperlipidemic effects of SA. To assess acute toxicity, Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups (<i>n</i> = 5 in each group): the control group received a vehicle, while the treatment group was administered a single oral dose of SA 2000 mg/kg, and rats were observed up to 14 days. To investigate the antihyperlipidemic effects of SA, rats were allocated into six groups (<i>n</i> = 5 in each group). Group 1 (control) received a vehicle, group 2 (hyperlipidemic) was treated with tyloxapol (i.p 400 mg/kg), while groups 3–6 received atorvastatin 10 mg/kg and SA 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively, post tyloxapol injection. The acute toxicity results showed that SA exhibits LD₅₀ above 2000 mg/kg. Hematological analyses showed no significant changes, except for a notable increase in the platelet count. Additionally, SA significantly decreases cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine levels, along with elevated alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and urea levels. Markers of oxidative stress confirmed SA’s antioxidant properties, and histopathological examination revealed normal cellular structure of selected organs. In the hyperlipidemic model, SA effectively and dose dependently reduced hyperlipidemia by lowering total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels and improved hepatocellular structure affected by tyloxapol. Moreover, gene expression analysis demonstrated significant downregulation in SREBP-2 gene expression along with reduced HMG-CoA reductase activity. Overall, this study supports the safety and low toxicity of SA and its promising antihyperlipidemic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"8619–8629 8619–8629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c11184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Cassava Starch-Based Foams Incorporating Wastes from the Production of Organic Grape Juice and Grape Seed Oil","authors":"Márcia Zanini,&nbsp;Wendel P. Silvestre*,&nbsp;Camila Baldasso and Isabel C. Tessaro,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.4c1090410.1021/acsomega.4c10904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c10904https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c10904","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The generation of nonbiodegradable waste from food packaging is increasing. Due to the economic unfeasibility of waste segregation and recycling, this material ends up in landfills. To mitigate the environmental impact and explore alternative biodegradable materials, the present study seeks to develop foams based on cassava starch by incorporating agro-industrial residues from whole grape juice and organic grape seed oil for applications in food packaging. The starch-based foams were prepared by thermal expansion, using varying amounts of grape skin waste (CA), grape seed (SE), and defatted grape seed with grape skin fragments (SEDC) at proportions ranging from 10 - 30 wt %. The resulting foams were characterized concerning apparent density, moisture content, morphology, water absorption capacity, content of total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical resistance via tensile testing. Incorporating CA, SE, and SEDC residues provided foams with lower apparent density and greater expansion capacity. Furthermore, the addition of SE and SEDC residues led to a lower water absorption capacity of the foams, while the addition of CA residue promoted an increased absorption capacity. Adding these residues increased the levels of total anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, resulting in higher antioxidant activity in the packaging compared to the control (without residues). Regarding thermal stability, the addition of CA, SE, and SEDC residue caused a decrease in the thermal stability of the foams compared to the control. FTIR spectra revealed the characteristic bands associated with the added residues. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus of elasticity of the packaging with the addition of CA, SE, and SEDC residues were lower than the control sample and expanded polystyrene (EPS). Generally, the foams that included SE and SEDC residues performed better than those with CA residues. However, further studies are needed to optimize the formulation, mainly regarding water absorption capacity and mechanical resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 8","pages":"8551–8569 8551–8569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsomega.4c10904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}