The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between sarcopenia and diabetic nephropathy","authors":"S. Mohamed, Khalida El-Refaei, D. Mohammad","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_243_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_243_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Sarcopenia is a generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass combined with reduced strength and/or physical performance. Diabetic patients are prone to accelerated aging process, and these individuals are at increased risk of sarcopenia at an early age. Aim To determine the relationship between sarcopenia and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Patients and methods A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), comprising 19 patients with DN and 41 patients without nephropathy, and 40 healthy controls. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia criteria. Results Of 60 patients, 44 (73%) were females and 16 (27%) were males, and their ages ranged from 31 to 70 years, with mean±SD age of 55.4±10 years. Sarcopenia was detected in nine (15%) patients with DM versus only one (2.5%) patient in healthy controls. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 35% in patients with DN versus 5% in those without DN. Skeletal muscle index was positively correlated with BMI in both sexes and in waist circumference in females. Conclusion The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher among diabetic patients with nephropathy than in those without nephropathy. Male sex and BMI are among the risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with DM.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88915302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of nail affection of psoriasis and lichen planus","authors":"Yara A. Kamel, Moshira Ali, Hoda El-Sebaei","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_99_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_99_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Nail disorders comprise ∼10% of all dermatological conditions. Because diagnosis is not always possible by clinical means alone, additional diagnostic procedures may be required at times. Dermoscopy of nails (onychoscopy) has shown promising results in diagnosing various nail disorders. Aim To study the dermoscopic nail findings in psoriasis and lichen planus. Patients and methods A total of 80 patients with clinically evident psoriasis and lichen planus of nail were included in this study. They were classified into two groups: group 1 included 40 patients with nail psoriasis and group 2 included 40 patients with nail lichen planus. All patients were examined clinically and by dermoscope for criteria of psoriasis and lichen planus of the nails. Results In psoriatic patients, pitting is the commonest finding observed clinically and by dermoscope. Splinter hemorrhage, pitting, leukonychia, longitudinal ridging, oil drop sign, and onycholysis are better visualized by dermoscopy, and dilated hyponychial capillaries are detected only by dermoscopy. In patients of lichen planus, longitudinal ridging is the commonest finding observed clinically and by dermoscopy. Longitudinal ridging, pitting, chromonychia, and splinter hemorrhage are better seen by dermoscopy. Linear dyschromic bands are not detected clinically. Conclusion Onychoscopy can provide valuable diagnostic information in cases of nail psoriasis and nail lichen planus.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87271881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses in smokers","authors":"Hagar Elgharieb, Ahmed Abdullah, Jihan A. Mohamed","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_254_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_254_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Tobacco smoking is known for its deleterious effects on the systems of the whole body. However, the effects on the eye are not fully understood, especially the effects on the retina and choroid. Aim The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking on choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses. Patients and methods The current work included 50 patients, categorized into G1 (25 healthy individuals as a control group) and G2 (25 smokers, who practiced continuous smoking for >2 years). All participants were assessed by history taking, followed by ocular examination of both eyes. The unaided and best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were determined. The slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination was performed to detect any abnormalities or media opacity of the anterior segment of the eye. It was followed by the fundus examination and optical coherence tomography to determine choroidal thickness (CT) and RNFL thickness. Results No significant differences were reported between smokers and nonsmokers regarding patient age, hemoglobin concentrations, visual acuity, or intraocular pressure. The smoking duration ranged between 3 and 30 years, and the number of daily cigarettes ranged between 5 and 30 cigarettes/day. The choroidal thickness and RNFL thickness were significantly reduced among smokers compared with nonsmokers. Finally, there was a significant, inverse correlation between CT and the smoking duration and daily smoking. Conclusion There was a significant reduction in CT and RNFL thicknesses owing to smoking. This reduction could be associated with reduced blood flow to the choroid following smoking.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78952290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological markers changes in pediatric immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura","authors":"S. Hamada, Ola Al Diwany, Radwa S. Shahin","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_226_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_226_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Individuals with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have cellular immune responses that show the characteristics of tolerance mechanisms that have broken down. Objectives This study aimed to assess the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4 lymphocytes that express CXCR6 in untreated newly diagnosed ITP in pediatric patients and their correlation with each other, the platelet (PLT) count and other PLT indices. Patients and methods A case–control study was carried out that included 40 pediatric patients with ITP, and 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls were selected from Benha Children Hospital hematology clinic. Assessment of CD4+, CD25+, and FoxP3+as markers of Treg cells and also expression of the CXCR6 receptor on CD4+ T lymphocytes to evaluate the percentage of Tregs and CD4/CXCR6 +T lymphocytes were investigated by flow cytometry. Results There was a marked reduction in CD4/CXCR6 and Tregs (P=0.02 and 0.001) in the ITP group versus the control group. In contrast, there was a marked increase in CD4/CD25+cells (P=0.002) in the ITP group compared with the control group. There was a considerable reduction in the PLT count and the hemoglobin concentration in the ITP group compared with the control group (P=0.000 and 0.01), while there was a significant increase in large platelet cell ratio and platelet distribution width in the ITP group in comparison to the control group (P=0.04 for both of them); also, there were insignificant differences in total leukocytic count and mean platelet volume in the ITP group in comparison to the control group (P=0.28 and 0.77). Conclusion There was a significant decrease in the concentration of CD4+ cells that express CXCR6+ and Treg percentage in ITP patients as compared with the controls, which may explain the defect in immune self-tolerance in ITP patients.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74329625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum midkine level as a diagnostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C","authors":"Doha AbdElaleem, S. Mohammed, O. Hendy, N. Abdelmageed","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_216_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_216_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys for effective treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The use of serological markers in patients at the highest risk of developing HCC may thus decrease HCC mortality and reduce medical costs. Midkine (MK) has an essential role in activities related to carcinogenesis such as proliferation, anti-apoptosis, transformation, migration, and angiogenesis, in many types of tumors, including HCC. Aim To evaluate serum levels of MK as a diagnostic biomarker for early detection of HCC in relation to conventional markers, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Patients and methods This study was conducted on 90 individuals who attended the Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Al Azhar University. The patients were divided into three groups: group I comprised 30 patients with HCC on top of hepatitis C virus and group II comprised 30 patients with cirrhotic liver post-hepatitis C virus. Control group The control group comprised 30 healthy adult participants. Results Highly statistically significant increase in serum MK in groups I and II in comparison to the control group and statistically significant increase in group I in comparison to group II. Serum MK can be used to discriminate between groups I and II at a cutoff level of more than 97.7,with 80% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 88.9% positive predictive value and 81.8% negative predictive value and area under curve=0.94. Also, it used to discriminate between groups I and III at a cutoff level of more than 76.5, with 100% sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value with area under the curve=1.0. Conclusion MK is more accurate than AFP in diagnosing HCC, especially in detecting early stage HCC and AFP-negative HCC.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81617316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of residual hip deformities secondary to Legg–Calve–Perthes disease in adults: a systematic review","authors":"Mohammed T Omar, A. Sultan, M. Ismail","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_217_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_217_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background The objective of this study is to systematically review the results of different studies related to the management of hip deformities secondary to Perthes’ disease in adults. Patients and methods Thirteen studies matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaling 316 adults including 326 hips that underwent 119 surgical hip dislocation (SHD), 49 periacetabular osteotomy, 111 SHD with periacetabular osteotomy, 16 intertrochanteric osteotomy with acetabular roof plasty, and 31 adductor tenotomy with cheilectomy of the femoral head. Their age was in the range from 19 to 42 years with clinical follow-up range (16–135 months). The degree of pain, function, range of movements, and deformities were evaluated. Results The SHD approach has a 360° view allowing full dynamic evaluation of the hip joint, identification, and correction of the most common residual deformations, leading to functional improvement and pain relief with low complication rates. Harris hip score was a common clinical parameter in a lot of studies and showed improvement from the average range (60–68.5) before surgery to 72–95 after it. In all, 188 hips were reported to have reduction in pain at last follow-up, but adequate clinical follow-up were not available for 112 hips. However, 26 patients were reported as a failure (defined as total hip arthroplasty or persistent or increased pain). Onset osteoarthritis advancement cannot be prevented in hips. Conclusion SHD provides the opportunity to achieve any kind of simultaneous femoral and acetabular osteotomies leading to functional improvement and pain relief with low complication rates.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88794137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual assessment after cataract surgery","authors":"Asmaa Abd-Elhady Ibrahim, Hanan El Ghoneimy, Afaf H. Rashwan","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_144_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_144_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cataract surgery has been one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Cataract extraction is indicated for poor visual acuity. Daily life visual problems such as cataract affect both far and near vision. Aim The aim of this study was visual assessment of patients after cataract surgery. Patients and methods This is a descriptive prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery at Memorial Institute of Ophthalmic Research between 2019 and 2020. A total of 50 eyes that met the inclusion criteria were included. Patients were examined preoperative, first day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Results The mean age was 61.82±7.6 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.1 : 1. Preoperatively, 13 (26%) patients were blind in the operated eye, whereas 37 (74%) patients had moderate to severe visual impairment. On the first day postoperatively, 13 (26%) patients had visual acuity of 6/6–6/18. Regarding best-corrected vision after refraction 3 months postoperatively, 32 (64%) of 50 patients had good vision, whereas 18 (36%) patients had borderline vision, and no patients (0%) had poor vision after refraction. Conclusion Cataract surgery is a cost-effective surgery but is considered a huge burden. Even with great efforts, multiple factors affect the surgical success and the outcomes, including surgery-related factors, surgeon, and patient-related factors. As cataract surgery is a cost effective surgery, in this study the aim is to get high benefits from this cost.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72775441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premenstrual tension in medical students: risk factors, lifestyle, and effect on quality of life","authors":"Sahar Saleh, S. El-Mallah, S. Hammouda, Doaa M. Saleh","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_148_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_148_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) comprises physical, mental, and psychological symptoms that occur for some women during the late luteal phase of their menstrual period about 7 days before menstruation. Aim and objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of PSM/premenstrual dysphoric disorder, associated risk factors, and effect on quality of life in medical students. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, during the period from August 2020 to February 2021 and included 800 medical students. All students were invited to fill a self-evaluation questionnaire that included five sections: sociodemographic and general medical data, gynecological and obstetric data, lifestyle and special habits, and PMSs. Results PMS was found in 59.7% of those students. Statistically significant associations were found between lifestyle risk factors and presence and severity of PMS, and PMS was found to result in significant interference with daily life. Conclusion PMS is a common disorder among medical students that adversely affects their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73621593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound and diffusion MRI in evaluation of ovarian lesions","authors":"M. Hamed, A. Aborashed, Hanaa Abo Ria, M. Tawfik","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_176_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_176_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ultrasound (US) and diffusion MRI in the diagnosis of ovarian lesions. Patients and methods This prospective study will include 50 patients with different types of ovarian lesions referred to the Radiology Department at El-Zahra Hospital for performing US, color Doppler assessment, and/or diffusion MRI, the study was conducted for a period of 1 year from March 2020 to March 2021. Results In total, 50 different lesions were found. The most frequent lesions were the cystic lesions septated, vegetated, or not. Conclusion US and color Doppler were found to be useful in differentiating a benign from a malignant adnexal mass. MRI has shown to be beneficial in confirmation of adnexal masses in problematic cases.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78021267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of preoperative misoprostol versus intraoperative pericervical hemostatic tourniquet in reducing blood loss in cases of myomectomy","authors":"Asraa Ahmed Alhameedi, Amal Aboseef, Doaa Efaat","doi":"10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_145_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_145_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The aim was to compare preoperative vaginal misoprostol versus intraoperative per-cervical hemostatic tourniquet in reducing blood loss during myomectomy. Patients and methods This prospective randomized control study was conducted on 60 patients who were experiencing symptomatic uterine myoma and underwent abdominal myomectomy at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Al-Zahraa University Hospital from August 2020 to February 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: group A (misoprostol group) included 30 women who received 400 mg misoprostol vaginally 1 h before myomectomy operation, and group B (tourniquet group) included 30 women who underwent intraoperative per-cervical infant feeding tube form of tourniquet, during myomectomy. The intraoperative comments on type, site, size of fibroid, operation time, amount of blood loss, and blood transfusion need were recorded. The main outcome measures were as follows: primary outcome included the estimated blood loss and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) level, and secondary outcome included the possibility of blood transfusion and operative time. Results There was a significantly shorter duration of operation in tourniquet group (47.5±4.7) compared with misoprostol group (53.0±6.9) (P=0.001). There was significant less blood loss in the tourniquet group compared with the misoprostol group (375.0±96.3 and 440±78, respectively) (P=0.006). There was a statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding blood transfusion, as eight patients (26.7%) of misoprostol group received blood transfusion, whereas only two patients (6.7%) of tourniquet group received blood transfusion (P=0.038). There was insignificant difference in baseline (preoperative) Hb and HCT levels between the study groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the study groups regarding the postoperative Hb and HCT, which were higher in the tourniquet group compared with the misoprostol group (33.7±2.6 and 32.2±2.4, respectively; P=0.033). Conclusion Fastening a tourniquet at per-cervical area during abdominal myomectomy reduced the intraoperative blood loss significantly compared with preoperative misoprostol, with shorter operative time with decreased incidence of risk of blood transfusion.","PeriodicalId":22975,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty, Girls","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76000738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}