Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management最新文献

{"title":"Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Saturation Measurements in Perinatal Asphyxia Cases Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia.","authors":"Halil Kazanasmaz, Abdulsamed Akan, Ömer Yalçın, Muhammed Turgut Ölçücü, Selehattin Onar, Özlem Kazanasmaz","doi":"10.1089/ther.2022.0060","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2022.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (CrSO₂) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has recently become the subject of several research studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of CrSO₂ measurements in perinatal asphyxia (PA) cases. The study included a patient group of 42 PA cases, who were to be applied with therapeutic hypothermia (TH), and a control group of 42 healthy term newborns. PA cases were determined as moderate or severe encephalopathy (Sarnat score stage II or III) in clinical evaluation. In both groups, left (CrSO₂L) and right (CrSO₂R) NIRS measurements were taken for 10 minutes on the scalp. The arithmetic mean value of measurements was calculated and compared. The mean measurements were CrSO₂R 67.38 ± 9.39 and CrSO₂L 66.73 ± 7.76 in the patient group, and CrSO₂R 80.28 ± 8.04 and CrSO₂L 79.14 ± 8.49 in the control group. The mean CrSO₂R and CrSO₂L measurements of the patient group were statistically significantly lower than those of the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the Pearson correlation analysis, a significant correlation was determined in the patient group between cord blood gas pH and CrSO₂R (<i>r</i>: 0.539, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and CrSO₂L (<i>r</i>: 0.54, <i>p</i> < 0.001). For a cutoff value of CrSO₂L ≤ 72%, the positive predictive value was 80 and the negative predictive value was 84.6. For a cutoff value of CrSO₂R ≤ 74%, the positive predictive value was 79.5 and the negative predictive value was 82.5. Low CrSO₂ measurements obtained with the NIRS method in PA cases to be applied with TH together with cord blood gas parameters can be considered a helpful parameter in diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":" ","pages":"184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9465840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Three Methods of Therapeutic Hypothermia Among Transported Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.","authors":"Sarfaraz Momin,&nbsp;Sumesh Thomas,&nbsp;Hussein Zein,&nbsp;James N Scott,&nbsp;Lara M Leijser,&nbsp;Sakeer Vayalthrikovil,&nbsp;Kamran Yusuf,&nbsp;Renee Paul,&nbsp;Alexandra Howlett,&nbsp;Khorshid Mohammad","doi":"10.1089/ther.2022.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2022.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and associated multiorgan injury are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in term and near-term neonates. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the current standard of care for neuroprotection in neonates with HIE. In our experience, the majority of babies born with HIE were found in nontertiary care facilities in our region, where effective methods of cooling during transport to tertiary care centers are desirable. Most centers initiate passive TH at referral hospitals, while active cooling is typically initiated during transport. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three methods of cooling during transport of neonates with HIE in southern Alberta. In this prospective cohort study, 186 neonates with HIE were transported between January 2013 and December 2021. Among the 186 neonates, 47 were passively cooled, 36 actively cooled with gel packs, and 103 cooled with a servo-controlled cooling device. The clinical characteristics were comparable for the three groups, with no difference in adverse events. Fifteen neonates (8%) died and 54 neonates (29%) suffered radiologically determined brain injury. Servo-controlled cooling was found to be superior to other methods in maintaining a target temperature without significant fluctuation during transport and with temperature in the target range on arrival at tertiary care facilities. The rate of overcooling was also lower in the servo-controlled group compared with other groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in relation to mortality and brain MRI changes associated with HIE. Adjusting for GA, 10-minute Apgar score, base excess, HIE stage, and need for intubation during transport, passive cooling increased the odds of temperature fluctuation outside the range by 12-fold and gel pack cooling by 13-fold compared with servo-controlled cooling. The use of servo-controlled TH devices should be the preferred practice wherever feasible. (REB17-1334_REN3).</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10176391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes Between Fresh Embryo Transfer and Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer.","authors":"Man Chen,&nbsp;Zhi-Ling Li,&nbsp;Hong Lin,&nbsp;Ru-Bin Xia,&nbsp;Yu-Lian Wang","doi":"10.1089/ther.2022.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2022.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between fresh embryo transfer and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). These patients were split into two groups: the fresh embryo transfer group and the FET group. The general conditions, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes between these groups were compared. The influencing factors of fetal macrosomia occurrence were explored as well. Compared with the fresh embryo transfer group, the FET group had a significantly higher mean age (32.59 ± 4.77 vs. 31.90 ± 4.71, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and lower multiple pregnancy rate (21.2% vs. 26.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of congenital anomalies of neonates between the two groups (1.32% vs. 0.37%, <i>p</i> > 0.05). In the FET group, compared with the fresh embryo transfer group, the mean birth weight of singleton live births, the cesarean section rate, and the incidence of fetal macrosomia were significantly increased, while the incidence of low birth weight was significantly decreased. The logistic analysis showed that the occurrence of fetal macrosomia was primarily associated with the embryo transfer protocol (odds ratio [OR] = 2.769, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.246-6.154, <i>p</i> < 0.05), endometrial thickness (OR = 1.144, 95% CI: 1.043-1.256, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and gestational age (OR = 1.710, 95% CI: 1.338-2.184, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Macrosomia (OR = 2.938, 95% CI: 1.436-6.010, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and multiple pregnancy (OR = 3.574, 95% CI: 2.616-4.882, <i>p</i> < 0.001) significantly increased the cesarean section rate. The risk of fetal macrosomia and congenital anomalies in the offspring of the fresh embryo transfer group was lower than that in the offspring of the FET group, we preferred to fresh embryo transfer for patients with assisted reproductive technologies. FET should be used as supplementary therapeutic strategy with strengthened pregnancy management and screening to reduce the occurrence of birth defects in newborns.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"120-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10231868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2022 Award Recipient for <i>Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management</i>.","authors":"Elena Cavazzoni","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.29098.rfs2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2023.29098.rfs2022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Commentary on the Effect of Targeted Temperature Management in Patients Resuscitated from Cardiac Arrest.","authors":"Michael Holzer, Jeanne E Poole, Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou, Ken Fujise, Graham Nichol","doi":"10.1089/ther.2022.0041","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2022.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The members of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Advanced Life Support Task Force have written a comprehensive summary of trials of the effectiveness of induced hypothermia (IH) or targeted temperature management (TTM) in comatose patients after cardiac arrest (CA). However, in-depth analysis of these studies is incomplete, especially since there was no significant difference in primary outcome between hypothermia versus normothermia in the recently reported TTM2 trial. We critically appraise trials of IH/TTM versus normothermia to characterize reasons for the lack of treatment effect, based on a previously published framework for what to consider when the primary outcome fails. We found a strong biologic rationale and external clinical evidence that IH treatment is beneficial. Recent TTM trials mainly included unselected patients with a high rate of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The treatment was not applied as intended, which led to a large delay in achievement of target temperature. While receiving intensive care, sedative drugs were likely used that might have led to increased neurologic damage as were antiplatelet drugs that could be associated with increased acute stent thrombosis in hypothermic patients. It is reasonable to still use or evaluate IH treatment in patients who are comatose after CA as there are multiple plausible reasons why IH compared to normothermia did not significantly improve neurologic outcome in the TTM trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10625468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10177869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrinolysis in Cardiac Arrest Patients Treated with Hypothermia.","authors":"Anni Nørgaard Jeppesen,&nbsp;Christophe Duez,&nbsp;Hans Kirkegaard,&nbsp;Anders Morten Grejs,&nbsp;Anne-Mette Hvas","doi":"10.1089/ther.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypothermia affects coagulation, but the effect of hypothermia on fibrinolysis is not clarified. Imbalance in the fibrinolytic system may lead to increased risk of bleeding or thrombosis. Our aim was to investigate if resuscitated cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia had an unbalanced fibrinolysis. A prospective cohort study, including 82 patients were treated with hypothermia at 33°C ± 1°C after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Blood samples were collected at 24 hours (hypothermia) and at 72 hours (normothermia). Samples were analyzed for fibrin D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen, plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), and an in-house dynamic fibrin clot formation and lysis assay.Compared with normothermia, hypothermia significantly increased plasminogen activity (mean difference = 10.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.9-12.9), <i>p</i> < 0.001), PAI-1 levels (mean difference = 275 ng/mL, 95% CI 203-348, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and tPA levels (mean difference = 1.0 ng/mL, 95% CI 0.2-1.7, <i>p</i> = 0.01). No differences between hypothermia and normothermia were found in TAFI activity (<i>p</i> = 0.59) or in the fibrin D-dimer levels (<i>p</i> = 0.08). The fibrin clot lysis curves showed three different patterns: normal-, flat-, or resistant clot lysis curve. At hypothermia 45 (55%) patients had a resistant clot lysis curve and 33 (44%) patients had a resistant clot lysis curve at normothermia (<i>p</i> = 0.047). Comatose, resuscitated, cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia express an inhibited fibrinolysis even after rewarming. This could potentially increase the thromboembolic risk. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02258360.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10177876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitreoretinal Surgery with Temperature Management: A Preliminary Study in Rabbits.","authors":"Lukyan Anatychuk,&nbsp;Oleg Zadorozhnyy,&nbsp;Volodymyr Naumenko,&nbsp;Eduard Maltsev,&nbsp;Roman Kobylianskyi,&nbsp;Rudolph Nazaretyan,&nbsp;Mykola Umanets,&nbsp;Taras Kustryn,&nbsp;Illia Nasinnyk,&nbsp;Andrii Korol,&nbsp;Nataliya Pasyechnikova","doi":"10.1089/ther.2022.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2022.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to evaluate the structure of the rabbit retina after vitreoretinal surgery using prolonged irrigation with solutions of different temperatures. Thirty-six rabbits (72 eyes) were included in this study and randomly divided into 3 equal groups according to the temperature of the intraocular irrigating fluid they received during vitrectomy. Vitreoretinal surgery was performed with a 5°C irrigation solution in group 1 (12 rabbits, 24 eyes), a 22°C irrigation solution in group 2 (12 rabbits, 24 eyes), and a 36°C irrigation solution in group 3 (12 rabbits, 24 eyes). In each group of animals, the mean irrigation/aspiration time was 30 minutes for left eyes and 60 minutes for right eyes. Histological examination of the retina was performed 1, 7, and 30 days after surgery. During surgery, the temperature in the vitreous cavity of the eyes of rabbits of groups 1, 2, and 3 dropped by 26.0°C, 11.2°C (deep hypothermia), and 1.0°C (mild hypothermia), respectively. The highest rewarming rate was detected in group 1 (0.9°C/min) compared with group 2 (0.7°C/min) and group 3 (0.2°C/min). After 60 minutes of irrigation, retinal structural changes were detected in the animals of groups 1 and 2 (in contrast to the animals of group 3). After surgery with irrigation lasting 30 minutes, no retinal structural changes were observed. This study showed that temperature management, avoidance of intraoperative deep hypothermia, and prevention of rapid uncontrolled rewarming may protect the retinal morphology and increase the safety of prolonged vitreoretinal surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10177904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Microglial Activation by Delayed Mild Hypothermia Reduced Preoligodendrocyte Injury in a Neonatal Rat Brain Slice Model.","authors":"Suixin Liang,&nbsp;Yunxing Ti,&nbsp;Junrong Huang,&nbsp;Xiuhong Li,&nbsp;Wenjia Zhou","doi":"10.1089/ther.2022.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2022.0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), characterized by distinctive form of white matter injury, often arises after neonatal cardiac surgery. Proven therapies for PVL are absent. In this study, we designed to quest therapeutic effects of delayed mild hypothermia on PVL and its mechanism in a neonatal rat brain slice model. With the increase of delayed mild hypothermia-treating time, the reduced expression of myelin basic protein and loss of preoligodendrocytes were significantly attenuated after oxygen-glucose deprivation. In addition, the proportion of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells and the expression of Iba-1 were apparently reduced with the increased duration of mild hypothermia treatment. Furthermore, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 reduced after the mild hypothermia treatment relative to the control. Inhibition of microglial activation with prolonged mild hypothermia may be a potential strategy for white matter protection during cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10175010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Six Active Warming Systems for Intraoperative Warming in Adult Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yan-Ni Tian,&nbsp;Wei-Yin Gao,&nbsp;Xiao-Rong Tian,&nbsp;Zhi-Wen Wang","doi":"10.1089/ther.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ther.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraoperative hypothermia is very common and harmful in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. A variety of active warming systems has received close attention and has been researched by related scholars. However, the relative efficacy of these systems and which active warming system is preferred for such patients remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare and rank six active warming systems regarding intraoperative warming efficacy in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of different active warming systems in warming adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were searched from five English databases and three Chinese databases. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB2). The outcome was the final intraoperative core temperature. We estimated direct effects by using pairwise meta-analysis, estimated relative effects and ranking with the consistency model to conduct an NetworkMeta-Analysis (NMA). We used GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) to assess the certainty of the evidence. Sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the results. This study is registered with PROSPERO, with number CRD42022309057. In total, 19 RCTs involving 6 active warming systems and comprising 1364 patients were included in this NMA. The NMA once again confirmed the validity of forced-air warming (FAW) systems compared with other active warming systems, and further showed that underbody FAW was associated with more remarkable warming efficacy in different types of FAW systems. NMA was used to perform an exhaustive comparison of the warming efficacy of six active warming systems and indicated that underbody FAW was most likely to be the most effective warming system in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery; however, considering the sparsity of the network, our results should be cautiously interpreted. Furthermore, a large number of high-quality RCTs comparing the warming efficacy of different competitive active warming systems are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10176324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Transfer Capabilities of Surface Cooling Systems for Inducing Therapeutic Hypothermia.","authors":"Curtis Leclerc, Morteza Talebian Nia, Gordon G Giesbrecht","doi":"10.1089/ther.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ther.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is used to treat patients with cerebral ischemia. Body surface cooling provides a simple noninvasive method to induce TH. We compared three surface cooling systems (Arctic Sun with adhesive ArcticGel pads [AS]); Blanketrol III with two nonadhesive Maxi-Therm Lite blankets [BL]); and Blanketrol III with nonadhesive Kool Kit [KK]). We hypothesized that KK would remove more heat due to its tighter fit and increased surface area. Eight subjects (four females) were cooled with each system set to 4°C outflow temperature for 120 minutes. Heat loss, skin and esophageal temperature, and metabolic heat production were measured. Skin temperature was higher with KK (<i>p</i> = 0.002), heat loss was lower with KK in the first hour (<i>p</i> = 0.014) but not after 120 minutes. Heat production increased similarly with all systems. Core temperature decrease was greater for AS (0.57°C) than BL (0.14°C; <i>p</i> = 0.035), but not KK (0.24°C; <i>p</i> = 0.1). Each system had its own benefits and limitations. Heat transfer capability is dependent on the cooling pump unit and the design of the liquid-perfused covers. Both Arctic Sun and Blanketrol III cooling/pump units had 4°C output temperatures. However, the Blanketrol III unit had a greater flow rate and therefore more cooling power. The nonadhesive BL and KK covers were easier to apply and remove compared with the adhesive AS pads. AS had an early transient advantage in heat removal, but this effect decreased over the course of cooling, thus minimizing or eliminating any advantage during longer periods of cooling that occur during clinical TH. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04332224.</p>","PeriodicalId":22972,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management","volume":"13 3","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10510682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10177417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}