Volume 7: Fluids Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Full Scale Testing of Pulse Jet Mixer Operating Control","authors":"Leolein P. Moualeu, Aaron Wand, Klemme Herman, Michaela Trenidad, Michael Hall, Bethany Springer, Nathan McAdams, L. Holton","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-87866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-87866","url":null,"abstract":"A standard high-solids vessel (SHSV) concept design approach using pulse jet mixers (PJM) has been proposed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) for the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) as a potential replacement for several vessels that will be used to process highly radioactive waste. To assist with the evaluation of the SHSV concept, at DOE’s direction, the WTP Project recently completed qualification testing of the SHSV PJM mixing system to verify the design. Testing of the SHSV design, conducted at full scale, was split into two phases. The first phase of testing developed PJM controls that supported all operational modes under a set of most adverse fluid conditions. The second phase of testing used the PJM operating strategy, established during the first phase, to perform qualification testing to verify that the mixing system design supports the transfer, de-inventory, throughput, and sampling functional requirements of the SHSV. The different control methods that were used to operate PJMs in simulants exhibiting Newtonian and non-Newtonian rheological properties with high solids loading are presented.\u0000 The PJM system of the SHSV uses six pulse tubes distributed in a circular array. Each pulse tube (3000 liters nominal volume) is connected to a jet pump pair (JPP) by means of an air link line. The JPP powers the PJM operation by applying a vacuum to refill the PJM (suction phase), pressurizing the PJM to discharge the pulse tube content at a target velocity (drive phase), and releasing the compressed air to allow the PJM to depressurize into a ventilation system (vent phase) designed for contaminated air. A PJM control system was developed to maximize the PJM operation and minimize potential impact to the structural integrity of the vessel. The experimental results showed effective control of the system parameters. The system response demonstrated reliable control of the drive set pressure, the drive time, and synchronization. The PJM control system design also proved robust in mobilizing settled solids.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129142552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing Enhancement in a Novel Type of “Split and Recombine” Static Mixer","authors":"C. Habchi, T. Lemenand, F. Azizi","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-88030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-88030","url":null,"abstract":"Mixing in laminar flow regimes is crucial for many engineering applications in which highly viscous and fragile fluids are used. Moreover, the compactness of laminar mixers is a great challenge due to the large mixing time required to obtain the desired homogeneity. The “Split And Recombine” (SAR) static mixers are a promising solution for this challenge. This type of mixers consists of a network of separated and then recombined channels in which two fluids are introduced separately and mixed by a multi-lamination process. The SAR static mixers perform a series of baker’s transforms on the concentration profile enhancing thus the mixing process at very low Reynolds numbers. In the present study, numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the mixing process in a new topology of SAR mixer with double separation and recombination in order to increase the lateral gradients and destroy the concentration profile faster. The new geometry proposed here is compared to two SAR configurations widely studied in the open literature namely the Gray and the Chen SAR configurations. The results show a good enhancement of the mixing process in the new double SAR configuration with decrease in the power dissipation.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"1945 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129105430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracting Substantial Free Energy From Static Ambient Potential Energy Using Distance, Time-Lapse Chaos, and Coriolis Principles","authors":"J. B. Surjaatmadja","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86128","url":null,"abstract":"Extracting free energy has long been a goal of science but is mostly considered impossible to achieve. Natural processes having independent movement, such as rivers and wind, are often used but provide varied effectiveness. However, coordinated instability within a statically pressurized ambience can be used to extract a significant percentage of the ambient potential energy. This method creates two pathways between two adjacent points, one being a chaotic or Coriolis swirling path and the other being a direct path, thereby creating a pressure difference between the two adjacent points, which can be harvested to reduce the kinetic energy input required to perform the process.\u0000 While some refer to the proposed benefits as “perpetual motion,” it is necessary to understand that 55 to 80% of the required kinetic energy would still be mechanically generated; therefore, they could be better referred to as “coordinated chaos” or a “Coriolis energy extractor” to save energy [1].\u0000 This paper studies direct returns—extracting energy directly from a static (not dynamic) ambient energy. While such returns might not be substantial in normal activities, in deepwater or underground applications (e.g., oil or gas wells), they can be significant, often equating to a 20–45% reduction in fuel use or pollutant generation. In operations that use 20,000 horsepower, this could represent a savings of 4,000 horsepower or 10,000,000 Btu/hr with no associated financial costs.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114694194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Breakwaters Turbulence Under Coastal Wave Actions","authors":"Huanrong Ouyang, Joshua Hantz, Tam Nguyen, A. Harrington, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-88613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-88613","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the coastal wave actions, Louisiana coastline has been experiencing serious depletion of wetlands over decades. The loss of wetlands is threating the environment and the economic development of Louisiana. Therefore, breakwaters are designed to protect the coastline from coastal erosion and wetland losses by dissipating the energy of waves and changing the transport of sediment which is brought by the waves. The objective of this research was to give a numerical analysis of 2-dimensional breakwaters under wave actions and 3-dimensional breakwaters turbulence characteristics under coastal wave actions using CFD simulation. In this research, three breakwater structures are tested: a solid panel with no holes, a panel with three holes, and a panel with eight holes. The breakwater designs aim to allow sediment pass through the holes, to deposit and accumulate sediment at target areas, and to reduce wave actions. There were three different cases simulated with wave actions and without wave actions in this study, each case using a different panel design. The results of this study were mainly compared with the 2-dimensional CFD simulation analysis conducted previously to prove the accuracy.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126384372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Settling Characteristics of Polymeric Additives in Dodecane","authors":"Gurjap Singh, S. Pitts, E. Lopes, A. Ratner","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-88555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-88555","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that adding polymeric additives to hydrocarbon-based fuels can lead to suppression of their splashing behavior, as well as enhance their burning rates. However, there is a lack of objective data on polymeric additives settling times in these fuels. Choosing Dodecane as a representative of diesel-based fuels, present research experimentally investigates the settling behavior of polymeric additives (graphene) when mixed in with Dodecane, and the effects of various surfactants on such behavior. Methodology for experimental setup, data collection and data analysis is presented. Various concentrations of additives and surfactants are analyzed, and trends for settling times are shown.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"5 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124647411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Particle Parameters on Erosion Wear and Performance of Screw Centrifugal Pump","authors":"Zhengjing Shen, W. Chu","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-88586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-88586","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment erosion is recognized as a serious engineering problem in slurry handling such as screw centrifugal pump, which has wide efficiency region and non-plugging performance. In the present study, the screw centrifugal pump was simulated based on the Euler-Lagrange method. The Mclaury model was adopted for the erosion prediction of flow passage components. By analyzing the correlation factor functions contained in the erosion model and performing some preliminary research with a simplified model, particle velocity, particle shape factor and particle concentration were selected as the influencing factors to analysis the quantitative relationship among particle parameters, erosion wear and performance of screw centrifugal pump. The results show that the erosion of volute casing is higher than impeller, and the erosion rate of suction side is higher than pressure side. The particles velocity is positively correlated with erosion wear and pump performance reduction rate. While the increase of particles shape factor shows the opposite trend. Erosion rate is found to be increases sharply and then slowly when particles concentration increases, because of the adhesion effect of sand particles in the volute casing inhibits the total erosion wear. The increase of erosion rate promoted the reduction rate of pump performance, and the pump efficiency decreased more significantly when the erosion rate increased to a certain extent. The results of this study are of great significance for further optimization of hydraulic design and structural design for screw centrifugal pump.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133938223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD Simulation of Multiphase Flow in Concentric Annuli","authors":"Amina Shynybayeva, L. Rojas-Solórzano, Kristian Sveen","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86640","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphase flow is commonly found in almost every process related to oil and gas industry. The precise prediction of the flow behavior is essential to provide safe and efficient hydrocarbon recovery. An accurate characterization of multiphase flow plays a major role in well design optimization and development of successful production and transportation facilitiess. Even though the hydrodynamic behavior of multiphase flow in various pipe geometries typically found in the industry has been widely studied, there is still very little known about the flow pattern and hydrodynamic conditions presented in horizontal annular geometry. Current work presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of two-phase oil-water flow in horizontal concentric annuli using different turbulence models and Eulerian-Eulerian continuous-disperse interphase drag model. Water was modelled as disperse phase, while oil was considered as continuous phase. Effect of water droplet diameter in the interphase model is extensively discussed in this paper. Results of the simulations are compared to the experimental data for a variety of liquid velocities and water cuts.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131099094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency Variation on a 4-Stage Low Speed Research Compressor With a Redesigned Cantilevered Stator","authors":"Ju Zhenzhou, Jinfang Teng, Lin Fan, Yongjian Zhong, X. Qiang","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-87166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-87166","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulations with the steady 3D RANS were performed on a 4-stage low speed research compressor (LSRC) with two typical configurations (a shrouded and a redesigned cantilevered stator of the third stator). The shrouded stator (SS) with 0.67% labyrinth seal clearance of the blade height is the prototype, and the cantilevered stator (CS) with 1.2% hub clearance of the blade height is the redesigned cantilevered stator. The fourth rotor that follows after the cantilevered stator was redesigned (RE) according to blade load and inlet flow angle changed based on the redesigned cantilevered stator. The overall performance of the 4-stage LSRC and the distribution of aerodynamic parameters along the blade height were compared between the prototype and the redesigned third stator. Flow characteristics of the third stator and fourth rotor were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the flow characteristics below the 35% blade height are very different between the prototype and the redesigned due to the effect of leakage flow from seal cavity and hub gap, respectively. The stall margin of CS is 57% higher than SS. The efficiency of CS at the design point is 0.82% higher than SS. Through the redesigned process of R4, the stall margin of RE is 45% higher than CS and the efficiency of R4 is 0.6% higher on average over the entire operating range.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134332562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Porous Support Layer in Forward Osmosis Membranes: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation","authors":"Ahmed M. Alshwairekh, Abdullah A. Alghafis, M. Usta, Anas M. Alwatban, Robert Krysko, A. Oztekin","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86328","url":null,"abstract":"Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted to study the transport phenomena in spiral wound membranes (SWM) within a Forward Osmosis (FO) module. The effect of the porous layer on the membrane performance is examined. Simulations are prepared for three different porous layer thicknesses by having the porous layer facing the draw channel, a mode known as AL-FS (active layer facing feed solution). In the current study, a Reynolds number range from 2 to 500 is considered. The Navier-Stokes and the mass transport equations are used to obtain the velocity, pressure and concentration fields in the flow channels. The local osmotic pressure and the membrane properties are used to calculate the water permeation over the membrane surface. The membrane is considered as a semipermeable functional surface of zero thickness. The effect of the porous layer is included in the flux model, but the flow and concentration fields in the porous layer are not resolved. The results suggest that increasing the streamwise velocity decreases the level of the external concentration polarization on both sides of the membrane which in turn leads to higher water flux through the membrane. Also, the existence of the porous layer reduced the membrane performance. The water flux didn’t improve much with increasing streamwise velocity at the same porous layer thickness. The suction velocity over the membrane starts at a high value at the inlet of the draw channel and decreases until reaching the outlet of the draw channel then it starts to increase slightly from the effect of the inlet of feed solution. Moreover, by increasing the net osmotic pressure difference, the water flux exhibited a non-linear increase.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116219775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigations of a Rotating Wire-Wrapped Cylinder","authors":"A. Begum, Komal Gada, H. Rahai","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86672","url":null,"abstract":"Previous investigations [1–3] on the effects of rotating cylinder with either a smooth surface or cylinders with different surface geometries, placed at either the leading or the trailing edge of a symmetric airfoil on its aerodynamic parameters have shown that rotation at the leading edge does not provide significant lift, while placing the rotating cylinder at the training edge results in more than 20% increase in lift at all angles of attack (AOA) investigated. Increasing the rotation rate (α), the ratio of tangential velocity at the surface of the cylinders (Uτ) to the free stream mean velocity (U∞), increases the lift and grooved cylinders produced more lift than the smooth cylinder. There is an increase in drag when the rotating cylinder is placed at the trailing edge of the airfoil. Here we performed unsteady numerical investigations of a rotating wire-wrapped cylinder, placed in steady flow with α varied between 0 and 2. The free stream mean velocity was constant at 10 m/sec. and the smooth cylinder diameter was 5 cm, which corresponds to an approximate Reynolds number of 3.2 × 104. The wire wrapped had a wire diameter of 5 mm and the ratio of pitch spacing to the cylinder diameter was 1. The wire was wrapped tightly around the entire cylinder. The cylinder has a length to diameter ratio of 20. The rotation rate (α) ranged from 0.5 to 2.0. Results indicate wire-wrapped rotating cylinder produce higher lift than the rotating smooth cylinder and at α equal to 2, the lift for the wire-wrapped cylinder is nearly 150% of the lift of the smooth cylinder. However, wire-wrapped cylinder has higher drag force at higher rotation rate. At α = 2, the lift to drag ratio for the smooth rotating cylinder is 3.89, while the corresponding value for the rotating wire-wrapped cylinder is 3.54. Details of the flow indicates wire-wrapping reduces coherency and increases phase angle of vortices, resulting in increased lift.","PeriodicalId":229616,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Fluids Engineering","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116334134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}