The Open Biology Journal最新文献_第3页

Effects of n-Octyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside on Human and Rat Erythrocyte Membrane Stability Against Hemolysis 正辛基-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃苷对人和大鼠抗溶血红细胞膜稳定性的影响

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2012-04-11 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701205010001

C. Sblano, S. Micelli, Daniela Meleleo

{"title":"Effects of n-Octyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside on Human and Rat Erythrocyte Membrane Stability Against Hemolysis","authors":"C. Sblano, S. Micelli, Daniela Meleleo","doi":"10.2174/1874196701205010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874196701205010001","url":null,"abstract":"The practical importance for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries of the interactions between biological membranes and surfactant molecules has led to intensive research within this area. The interactions of non-ionic surfactant n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OG) with the human and rat erythrocyte membranes were studied. The in vitro hemolytic and antihemolytic activities were determined by employing a method in which both erythrocytes were added to the hypotonic medium containing OG at different concentrations, and the amount of haemoglobin released was determined. n- octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside was found to have a biphasic effect on both types of erythrocyte membrane. We also investigated the interactions of OG with the erythrocyte membrane in isotonic medium; the dose-dependent curves show similar behaviour in both human and rat erythrocytes. Our results showed that OG has greater antihemolytic potency on rat than on human erythrocytes; furthermore, rat erythrocytes were more sensitive than human erythrocytes to hypotonic shock. How the different lipoprotein structure of these erythrocytes determines a difference in antihemolytic activity is discussed.","PeriodicalId":22949,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89843603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effects of Roundup ® Pesticide on the Stability of Human Erythrocyte Membranes and Micronuclei Frequency in Bone Marrow Cells of Swiss Mice 农达农药对瑞士小鼠红细胞膜稳定性及骨髓细胞微核频率的影响

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2011-08-12 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701104010054

Humberto Gabriel Rodrigues, N. Penha-Silva, Mariana Ferreira Araujo, H. Nishijo, T. Aversi-Ferreira

{"title":"Effects of Roundup ® Pesticide on the Stability of Human Erythrocyte Membranes and Micronuclei Frequency in Bone Marrow Cells of Swiss Mice","authors":"Humberto Gabriel Rodrigues, N. Penha-Silva, Mariana Ferreira Araujo, H. Nishijo, T. Aversi-Ferreira","doi":"10.2174/1874196701104010054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874196701104010054","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides can affect the health of living organisms through different mechanisms such as membrane denaturation. The evaluation of the deleterious effects of chemical agents on biological membranes can be performed through the analysis of the stability of erythrocytes against a concentration gradient of certain chemical agent in physiologic saline solution. This work analyzed the effect of the herbicide Roundup ® on the membrane of human erythrocytes in blood samples collected with EDTA or heparin as anticoagulant agent. The results were analyzed through spectrophotometry at 540 nm and light microscopy. There was an agreement between spectrophometric and morphologic analyses. At the concentration limit recommended for agricultural purposes, Roundup ® promoted 100% of hemolysis. The D50Roundup ® values obtained for human blood samples collected with EDTA were not significantly different from those obtained for samples collected with heparin. However, the lysis curves presented lower absorbance values at 540 nm in the presence of blood collected with EDTA in relation to that collected with heparin, probably due to hemoglobin precipitation with EDTA. This work also analyzed the effects of three different Roundup ® doses (0.148, 0.754 and 1.28 mg/kg) on the micronuclei frequency in bone marrow cells of Swiss mice in relation to a positive control of cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg). The two highest Roundup ® doses showed the same genotoxicity level as the positive control.","PeriodicalId":22949,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biology Journal","volume":"41 3","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91501574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Comparative Physiology of the Respiratory System in the Animal Kingdom 动物王国呼吸系统的比较生理学

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2011-03-16 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701104010035

O. Carvalho, C. Gonçalves

{"title":"Comparative Physiology of the Respiratory System in the Animal Kingdom","authors":"O. Carvalho, C. Gonçalves","doi":"10.2174/1874196701104010035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874196701104010035","url":null,"abstract":"The inconstant environment in which animals lives and the variation of their metabolic states determined the gas exchangers system that must be able to operate efficiently across a spectrum of conditions that range from resting to exercise and even under hypoxia. The primordial respiratory organs that evolved for water breathing were the gills, evaginated gas exchangers, whereas for terrestrial air breathing developed a invaginated gas exchangers, the lungs. Specialized organs evolved for animals that can extract oxygen from water and air, consider as a transitional breathing (or bimodal). From amphibians to mammals, it is possible to verify that the dimensions of their respiratory units are being increasingly smaller and the number per unit of lung volume increases. The evolution of the vertebrate respiratory system achieved its most efficient state in birds, with their constant volume parabronchial lungs and their highly compliant air sacs with low pressure ventilation that, enabling them to sustained flapping flight. In contrast, the mammalian bronchoalveolar lungs, with their mandatory high-pressure ventilation and great volume changes, allowed the development of adaptations that favour, for example, a highly mobile trunk for high velocity running predators or to live in a deep-sea.","PeriodicalId":22949,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biology Journal","volume":"210 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72812242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Fighting Nosocomial Infection Rates in the General Surgery Department of the Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure in Bamako, Mali 马里巴马科加布里埃尔图雷教学医院普通外科的医院感染率

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/18741967010030100087

T. A, Traore A, C. Y, Diallo S, Dembele B T, Diakite I, Diani N, S. B, Traore B A, Diallo G

{"title":"Fighting Nosocomial Infection Rates in the General Surgery Department of the Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure in Bamako, Mali","authors":"T. A, Traore A, C. Y, Diallo S, Dembele B T, Diakite I, Diani N, S. B, Traore B A, Diallo G","doi":"10.2174/18741967010030100087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741967010030100087","url":null,"abstract":"Nosocomial infections (NI) or hospital-acquired diseases are indicators of the quality of care. This study conducted in Mali aimed to determine the frequency of nosocomial infections, to recognize the risk factors, to identify the pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics and to determine the additional cost of care. The study lasted 6 months from January to June 2007, and the diagnosis of nosocomial infections was based on criteria from the USA C.D.C (Center for Disease Control). We identified 460 patients and 44 among them (9.6%) were affected by nosocomial infections, which included 31 cases of surgical site infections (57.4%), 9 cases of infections on burns (16.7%), 7 cases of lung infections (13%), and 7 cases of urinary tract infections (13%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (44%). All isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin and 46% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The risk factors for infection were emergency surgery, ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiology) class and the type of surgery defined by Altemeir. The preoperative preparation of the patients, the strict respect of hygiene and asepsis to the operating room can reduce the frequency of NI in our country.","PeriodicalId":22949,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biology Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80384411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Membrane Systems for the Fight against Water-Borne Contaminants in Small Communities and Remote Areas from the Developing World: Accomplishments in Thailand and Some New Development in Sénégal and Mali 膜系统在发展中国家的小社区和偏远地区对抗水传播污染物:泰国的成就和ssamnsamal和Mali的一些新发展

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/18741967010030100074

M. Farcy, A. Doucoure

{"title":"Membrane Systems for the Fight against Water-Borne Contaminants in Small Communities and Remote Areas from the Developing World: Accomplishments in Thailand and Some New Development in Sénégal and Mali","authors":"M. Farcy, A. Doucoure","doi":"10.2174/18741967010030100074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741967010030100074","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure-driven membrane processes such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are increasingly used to produce clean water for a broad range of domestic and industrial applications. This article outlines some key features of these membrane-based technologies and describes how they can be adapted to supply safe drinking water in remote communities and rural regions from the developing world. Three case studies are reported in Asia (Thailand) and Africa (Senegal and Mali) where we investigate the feasibility of removing microorganisms and some dissolved pollutants from water with commercial pressure-driven filtration pilots. The convinc- ing success of the Thailand study established that Pall transportable MF/UF units could help local residents meet their demand in high quality water. This case study provided some rationale for testing a similar concept in West Africa. Given the technological efficacy, robustness and modularity of these membrane systems, we see them as innovative tools for implementing a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to stop the emergence of water borne and vector borne infectious diseases not only in the developing world but also in regions severely affected by natural disasters.","PeriodicalId":22949,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88688681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Fighting Infections in Developing Countries by Cost-Affordable and Sustainable Means 社论:以可负担得起的和可持续的方式在发展中国家抗击感染

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/18741967010030100072

G. Borkow

引用次数: 1

De-Worming in Developing Countries as a Feasible and Affordable Means to Fight Co-Endemic Infectious Diseases~!2009-12-10~!2010-02-15~!2010-09-08~! 在发展中国家，驱虫是一种既可行又负担得起的防治传染病的手段2010-12-10 2010-02-15 2010-09-08

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/1874196701003030097

Z. Bentwich

引用次数: 5

Insecticidal Bednets for the Fight Against Malaria - Present Time and Near Future 用于防治疟疾的杀虫蚊帐——现在和不久的将来

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/18741967010030100092

O. Skovmand

{"title":"Insecticidal Bednets for the Fight Against Malaria - Present Time and Near Future","authors":"O. Skovmand","doi":"10.2174/18741967010030100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741967010030100092","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is to-day a tropical disease that especially has major impact in Subsahelian Africa. The current large- scale campaign against malaria focuses on better first line use of medication and prevention: (1) the combined use of an Artimisin derivative and one of several synthetic anti-malarials; and (2) the use of insecticidal bednets for transmission prevention, since the disease is transmitted between humans by female mosquitoes. The change from nets that were to be treated and often re-treated to factory pre-treated nets about 7 years ago, made the change from a promising research tool to a major campaign tool. However, once the first line problem of fast disappearance of insecticide treatment was solved, other problems appeared such as physical net durability and low use rate of bednets among people that do not see only the advantages of the nets, but also experience the inconvenience of their use in the daily life. Finally, resistance to insecticides is appearing, probably originating from agricultural use of the same insecticides, but now amplified by the extensive use of insecticides for malaria control. A call for use of common sense and diversified use of insecticides is concluded.","PeriodicalId":22949,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"92-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89109441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

De-Worming in Developing Countries as a Feasible and Affordable Means to Fight Co-Endemic Infectious Diseases 发展中国家的驱虫作为一种可行和负担得起的手段，以对抗共同流行的传染病

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/18741967010030100097

Z. Bentwich, R. Horner, G. Borkow

{"title":"De-Worming in Developing Countries as a Feasible and Affordable Means to Fight Co-Endemic Infectious Diseases","authors":"Z. Bentwich, R. Horner, G. Borkow","doi":"10.2174/18741967010030100097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741967010030100097","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately one-third of humanity, especially in developing countries, is infected with parasitic roundworms or flatworms, collectively known as helminth parasites. These infections cause severe diseases, delayed physical development and mortality. A person in helminth endemic areas may be infected with these parasites all his life. These parasitic infections coincide with many other infectious diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. Treatment of these parasitic infections is relatively easy. In some cases a single dose of anti-parasitic treatment suffices. This paper briefly reviews the effects that helminthic infections have on other infectious diseases; on chronic non-transmittable diseases and discusses the potential benefits that de-worming may have on the overall morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases in developing countries, as well as on the effect de-worming may have on vaccination efficacy. We conclude that successful mass de-worming is essential for the reduction of the morbidity associated with these infections and may be a feasible and affordable means to combat other infectious diseases, such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. Furthermore, without it, HIV, malaria and TB vaccines may fail to confer protection in helminth endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":22949,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biology Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76953866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Preventing pathogens proliferation and reducing potential sources of nosocomial infections with biocidal textiles in developing countries. 发展中国家使用杀菌剂纺织品防止病原体增殖和减少医院感染的潜在来源。

The Open Biology Journal Pub Date : 2010-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/18741967010030100081

G. Borkow, J. Gabbay

{"title":"Preventing pathogens proliferation and reducing potential sources of nosocomial infections with biocidal textiles in developing countries.","authors":"G. Borkow, J. Gabbay","doi":"10.2174/18741967010030100081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18741967010030100081","url":null,"abstract":"Nosocomial infections, especially those caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, are increasing at an alarming rate over the globe. Unfortunately, standard infection control practices, such as pre-emptive isolation of high-risk patients, wide and targeted surveillance cultures, and proper ventilation systems are lacking in developing countries mainly due to insufficient resources. Patients shed bacteria and contaminate their pyjamas and sheets. The temperature and humidity between the patients and the bed are appropriate conditions allowing for effective bacterial proliferation. Bed making releases large quantities of micro-organisms into the air, which contaminate the immediate and non-immediate surroundings. Personnel in contact with contaminated textiles can also cross-contaminate other surfaces or patients. Thus textiles in hospitals can be an important source of microbes contributing to endogenous, indirect-contact, and aerosol transmission of nosocomial related pathogens. The use of safe wide-spectrum antimicrobial textiles, especially in those textiles that are in close contact with the patients, may significantly reduce bioburden in clinical settings and consequently reduce the risk of nosocomial infections. This is of special significance in resource poor developing countries, where wards are overcrowded and population infection burdens are very high. The use of biocidal textiles is a simple, cost-affordable and feasible measure that may be especially important in developing countries where essential infection control measures are not implemented.","PeriodicalId":22949,"journal":{"name":"The Open Biology Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77081588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2