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Fusarium species in wheat grown from head blight infected seed 小麦穗疫病感染种子生长的镰刀菌种类
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635114
W. Boshoff, Z. Pretorius, W. Swart
{"title":"Fusarium species in wheat grown from head blight infected seed","authors":"W. Boshoff, Z. Pretorius, W. Swart","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635114","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this preliminary study were to identify Fusarium species associated with wheat seed obtained from head blight infected fields and to determine whether the causal organism(s) of head blight could colonise plants systemically from infected seed. Six Fusarium spp. were isolated from grain samples of the cultivar Palmiet. Fusarium graminearum comprised 48.4% of the isolates, F. moniliforme 36.3%, F. equiseti 9.7%, F. chlamydosporum 3.2%, F. subglutinans 1.6%, and F. oxysporum 0.8%. No systemic colonisation of roots, culms, leaves or heads of plants grown from infected seed was observed for any of these species. Fusarium equiseti, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum were, however, isolated from surface-sterilised crowns. Fusarium graminearum was also isolated from 0.9% of seeds from which the embryos failed to emerge, and from 3.9% of blighted seedlings.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"38 1","pages":"46-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72664311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Die invloed van kultivar, stikstofbemesting en tophoogte op die kwaliteit van oonddroogtabak II. Chemiese kwaliteit
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635111
G. J. Malan, P. Hammes, M. C. Dippenaar
{"title":"Die invloed van kultivar, stikstofbemesting en tophoogte op die kwaliteit van oonddroogtabak II. Chemiese kwaliteit","authors":"G. J. Malan, P. Hammes, M. C. Dippenaar","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635111","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of cultivar, nitrogen fertilization and topping height on the quality of flue-cured tobacco. II. Chemical quality. An increasing demand for good quality flue-cured tobacco prompted research to study the effect of some cultural practices on the chemical characteristics of local kultivars. Five flue-cured tobacco kultivars (TL33, A4, OD86, OD224 and OD212) were subjected to three rates of nitrogen fertilization (70, 100 and 130 kg N ha-1) and two topping heights (14 and 18 leaves) in a field trial. An increase in N-fertilization, combined with lower topping, resulted in increased concentrations of N, K, CI and nicotine in the leaf, while sugar content decreased. The K content decreased to the top leaves of the plant, while the concentration of CI and nicotine increased from the bottom. Better quality tobacco was produced where the concentration of nicotine in the leaf was higher with a lower concentration of sugar. A poor relationship between physical and chemical properties was observed.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"04 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86478788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects of aqueous extracts from Artemisia afra parts and soil on seed germination and early seedling development in selected plant species 青蒿部分水提物和土壤对植物种子萌发和幼苗早期发育的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635106
J. A. Hansen-Quartey, K. Nyamapfene, S. Materechera
{"title":"Effects of aqueous extracts from Artemisia afra parts and soil on seed germination and early seedling development in selected plant species","authors":"J. A. Hansen-Quartey, K. Nyamapfene, S. Materechera","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635106","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots of the aromatic shrub Artemisia afra and soil on which Artemisia was grown, were used to investigate their inhibitory effects on germination and seedling development of maize (Zea mays), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Dilutions of 1:1,1:2.5 and 1:5 v/v of the original extracts were prepared by adding deionised water to the original (undiluted) extracts. Deionised water and extracts from soil on which A. afra had never grown were used as controls. Extracts from A. afra soil and plant parts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seed germination, height and dry matter of all the seedlings compared with the controls. However, as the dilution of the original extracts increased, there was a significant increase in seed germination and dry matter yields. This observation was consistent in all the plant species indicating that there was reduction in the concentration of the compounds inhibiting germination and seedling growth. The inhibitory effects ...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"590 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77081609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Die invloed van kultivar, stikstofbemesting en tophoogte op die kwaliteit van oonddroogtabak I. Fisiese kwaliteit en opbrengs
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635110
G. J. Malan, P. Hammes, M. C. Dippenaar
{"title":"Die invloed van kultivar, stikstofbemesting en tophoogte op die kwaliteit van oonddroogtabak I. Fisiese kwaliteit en opbrengs","authors":"G. J. Malan, P. Hammes, M. C. Dippenaar","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635110","url":null,"abstract":"Die toenemende vraag na goeie kwaliteit oonddroogtabak het aanleiding gegee tot navorsing om te bepaal watter rol stikstofbemesting, tophoogte en kultivars speel. Vyf oonddroogtabakkultivars (TL 33, OD86, A4, OD224 en OD212) is in 'n veldproef onderwerp aan drie stikstofbemestingspeile (70, 100 en 130 kg N ha−1) en twee tophoogtes (14 en 18 blare). Hoer stikstofbemesting en laer top het bladkwaliteit ietwat verbeter, maar 'n toe- name in onbemarkbare blare veroorsaak, wet gelei het tot laer bemerkbare opbrengs en inkomste. Klein verskille in opbrengs en kwaliteit het tussen cultivars voorgekom, terwyl aanduidings ook gevind is dat kultivars verskil in hul reaksie op stikstofbemesting.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"1 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74557885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measurement of radiant interception of crop canopies with the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer 利用LAI-2000植物冠层分析仪测量作物冠层的辐射拦截
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635107
N. Jovanovic, J. Annandale
{"title":"Measurement of radiant interception of crop canopies with the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer","authors":"N. Jovanovic, J. Annandale","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635107","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of the plant canopy analyzer (PCA), model LAI-2000 (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA), has been tested in two separate field trials for 18 annual crop and pasture species. The objective was...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"1 1","pages":"6-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83359114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Evaluation of plant resistance to the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) in maize germplasm improved for resistance to other borer species 玉米茎秆螟虫(Busseola fusca, Fuller)抗性评价
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635112
J. V. Rensburg
{"title":"Evaluation of plant resistance to the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) in maize germplasm improved for resistance to other borer species","authors":"J. V. Rensburg","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635112","url":null,"abstract":"Nineteen maize genotypes resistant to various stalk borer species were evaluated for resistance to the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller), using artificially infested plants grown in a greenhouse. The inbred line GT-FAWCC (C5) resistant to the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) was identified as a new source of high level leaf feeding resistance to B. fusca, whereas the inbred GT115 resistant to the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) presented a source of resistance to ear feeding by B. fusca. The latter is the first record of resistance to B. fusca not derived from an Antigua Group 2 background.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"35 1","pages":"34-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75129500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The effect of a diurnal period of supra-optimal temperature on the seed vigour of sunflower 超适温日段对向日葵种子活力的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635109
A. A. Nel
{"title":"The effect of a diurnal period of supra-optimal temperature on the seed vigour of sunflower","authors":"A. A. Nel","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635109","url":null,"abstract":"The daily maximum temperature in the upper 20 mm of sandy soils is often higher than 45°C on cloudless days during November, December and January in the summer rainfall region of South Africa. At these supra-optimal temperatures, sunflower seedling vigour declines, resulting in a low plant population and lack of uniformity of plant density. The aim of this experiment was to quantify the effect of peak daily temperatures on the emergence of sunflower in a controlled environment. A3×4×5×3 factorial design with three cultivars, four growth chamber temperature treatments of 40, 45, 50 and 55°C, applied daily for periods of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 hours and three replicates of 20 seeds, were used. Seeds were planted to a depth of 25 mm in sand moistened to field capacity and incubated at 30°C. Treatments commenced after 24 hours. Emerged seedlings were counted daily. An emergence index, which takes both the rate and homogeneity of emergence into account, was calculated. Cultivars differed in their heat tolerance. Thi...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":"19-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89250276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Soil properties as influenced by cultivation of the aromatic shrub Artemisia afra 芳香灌木非洲蒿栽培对土壤性质的影响
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635108
J. H. Hansen-Quartey, S. Materechera, K. Nyamapfene
{"title":"Soil properties as influenced by cultivation of the aromatic shrub Artemisia afra","authors":"J. H. Hansen-Quartey, S. Materechera, K. Nyamapfene","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635108","url":null,"abstract":"The herbaceous aromatic shrub African wormwood (Artemisia afra) is thought to be indigenous to the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. In the natural environment, wherever the plant grows, patches of hard, bare ground develop around the plant. To investigate whether the growth of the plant directly affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil, we compared selected properties of soil from the bare patches beneath the canopy of the shrub with those from contiguous land with the same soil but where Artemisia had never been grown (control). The results showed that soil from under A. afra had significantly (p < 0.01) higher stability of aggregates (2.0–5.6 mm) than the control, in spite of the fact that the organic C and bulk density did not differ significantly between the two soils. There was no significant difference in the pH, Bray 1-P, electrical conductivity and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K & Na) content of the two soils. Analysis of the organic compounds present in the A. afra extracts i...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"7 1","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74372275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Sources of variation for yield, protein content and hectolitre mass of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of the Western and Southern Cape
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-01-13 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635120
M. Nel, G. A. Agenbag, J. Purchase
{"title":"Sources of variation for yield, protein content and hectolitre mass of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of the Western and Southern Cape","authors":"M. Nel, G. A. Agenbag, J. Purchase","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635120","url":null,"abstract":"In the Western and Southern Cape the quality of wheat varies annually due to variable climatic conditions. This holds a commercial risk to the milling and baking industries in delivering the refined products to their respective clients. It is, therefore, important to classify cultivars and localities according to their ability to produce high quality bread wheat grain. In this study, similar production techniques were used to grow seven spring wheat cultivars at nine localities for the period 1992 to 1995. AMMI analyses were used to describe the effect of genotype, environment and their interaction on grain yield, kernel protein content and hectolitre mass. Environment was found to be by far the most important parameter of variance. No significant genotype × environment interaction was found for grain yield. Although cultivars differed in their yield potential, genotype as a main effect contributed only 1.3% to the variation in yield when compared to 90.7% for environment. Significant genotype × environme...","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"38 1","pages":"72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73897482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Calibration of CERES3 (Maize) to improve silking date prediction values for South Africa 校正CERES3(玉米)以提高南非的吐丝日期预测值
The South African Journal of Plant and Soil Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/02571862.1998.10635118
A. D. Toit, J. Booysen, J. J. Human
{"title":"Calibration of CERES3 (Maize) to improve silking date prediction values for South Africa","authors":"A. D. Toit, J. Booysen, J. J. Human","doi":"10.1080/02571862.1998.10635118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1998.10635118","url":null,"abstract":"Silking which coincides with the mid-summer drought in South Africa, could have a significant negative effect on maize yield. Errors in the prediction of silking date could contribute to errors in kernel number simulation, and consequently to errors in yield simulation. A field trial, comprising 21 planting dates and three cultivars representing short, medium and long growing season requirements was used to modify the crop growth model CERES3 (Maize) to improve its accuracy in the simulation of silking date by four days. The results were verified against a historical data set and showed an improvement in the simulation of silking date by two days.","PeriodicalId":22913,"journal":{"name":"The South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"102 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74483907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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