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From a gas thermometer to a terahertz matrix (a review) 从气体温度计到太赫兹矩阵(回顾)
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-337-346
I. Gibin, P. Kotlyar
{"title":"From a gas thermometer to a terahertz matrix (a review)","authors":"I. Gibin, P. Kotlyar","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-337-346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-337-346","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the invention and development of the gas thermometer and the ap-pearance of optical-acoustic receivers (OAP) based on it, starting from the first works of Bell, Hayes, Golay, and up to the present time, are considered. The ad-vantages of the OAP, consisting in a constant and high sensitivity in a wide range of the spectrum and the highest detection ability among thermal receivers, are not-ed. The main characteristics of membranes – the main elements of OAP-are con-sidered, and the physical properties of graphene, as the most preferred material for membranes, are analyzed. Estimates have been made showing that the use of SLG graphene membranes makes it possible to create IR and THZ radiation re-ceivers with cells of the order of tens of microns with extremely high sensitivity. A new design scheme is proposed for uncooled matrix helium-graphene optical-acoustic receivers with theoretically extreme sensitivity and speed and an operating range extended to helium temperatures.","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121693288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shelf life of plasma focus chambers with deuterium-tritium filling 氘-氚填充等离子聚焦腔的保质期
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-347-358
D. Yurkov, V. Lavrenin, B. Lemeshko, Y. Mikhailov, I. Prokuratov, A. Dulatov
{"title":"Shelf life of plasma focus chambers with deuterium-tritium filling","authors":"D. Yurkov, V. Lavrenin, B. Lemeshko, Y. Mikhailov, I. Prokuratov, A. Dulatov","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-347-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-347-358","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the shelf life of sealed plasma focus chambers with deuterium-tritium and deuterium fillings. Shelf life is defined as maintaining the level of neutron yield during operation of PF chambers as part of pulsed neutron generators after long storage intervals. The release of impurities from the inner surfaces of the PF chamber and the accumulation of he-lium He3 due to the decay of tritium in the volume of the sealed-off PF chambers leads to a significant decrease in the neutron radiation yield several years after the chamber is filled with the working mixture. The paper shows that the shelf life of the chambers is significantly increased when using a gas generator, in which hy-drogen isotopes are contained in a bound state, and are released into the inner volume of the chamber only for the duration of operation as part of neutron gen-erators. It has been shown experimentally that spherical chambers of the PF9 type provide a level of neutron radiation yield Y, close to the initial value in the manu-facture of chambers, after more than 10 years of storage.","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114842729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Results of scientific research development in the fields of plasma physics and controlled fusion in Russia in 2020 2020年俄罗斯等离子体物理和受控核聚变领域的科研发展成果
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-273-297
I. Grishina, V. Ivanov
{"title":"Results of scientific research development in the fields of plasma physics and controlled fusion in Russia in 2020","authors":"I. Grishina, V. Ivanov","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-273-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-4-273-297","url":null,"abstract":"The review is given on the most interesting new results presented at the XLVIII International Zvenigorod conference on plasma physics and controlled fusion which took place in Moscow on March 15–19, 2021. The analysis of basic achievements in the field of plasma physics in Russia and their comparison with scientific researches abroad is carried out.","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125439995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modes of runaway electron beams during formation of diffuse discharges in air and nitrogen 在空气和氮气中漫射放电形成过程中失控电子束的模式
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-202-215
V. Tarasenko, D. Beloplotov, D. Sorokin, E. Baksht
{"title":"Modes of runaway electron beams during formation of diffuse discharges in air and nitrogen","authors":"V. Tarasenko, D. Beloplotov, D. Sorokin, E. Baksht","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-202-215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-202-215","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations of the generation of runaway electron beams (REs) and the for-mation of diffuse discharges during breakdown of gaps with a cathode, which has a small radius of curvature, have been carried out. In air and nitrogen at elevated pressure, based on the registration and analysis of the characteristics of radiation from discharge, as well as parameters of the RE beam current and dynamic dis-placement current, it is shown that, depending on the conditions (E/N, gas type and its pressure, design and material of the cathode, amplitude and front of the voltage pulse), diffe- \u0000rent modes of generation of runaway electron beams are realized. It was found that the ratio of the velocity of the front of the ionization wave (streamer) and the runaway electrons, as well as the design of the cathode and the delay time before the explosion of cathode microinhomogeneities, significantly affect the generation of runaway electrons. The conditions for the realization of various modes are de-termined; oscillograms of the beam current pulses and photographs of the glow of the gap are presented.","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129060043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overview of hardware for registering an impact on the surface of a space-craft 用于记录航天器表面撞击的硬件概述
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-245-265
K. Voronov, D. Grigoriev, A. Telegin
{"title":"Overview of hardware for registering an impact on the surface of a space-craft","authors":"K. Voronov, D. Grigoriev, A. Telegin","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-245-265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-245-265","url":null,"abstract":"A review of devices that allow detecting micrometeoroid impacts on the spacecraft body is given, namely: piezoelectric sensors, fiber-optic sensors based on Bragg gratings, resistive sensors, sensors based on solar panels, robots, video surveil-lance cameras and thermography. The advantages and disadvantages of the devic-es presented in this article, their schemes and experimental results are presented","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131004849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Investigation of the characteristics of matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in the photon counting mode 工作在光子计数模式下的矩阵多元素雪崩光电探测器的特性研究
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-216-223
I. Gulakov, A. Zenevich, E. Novikov, O. Kochergina, A. Lagutik
{"title":"Investigation of the characteristics of matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in the photon counting mode","authors":"I. Gulakov, A. Zenevich, E. Novikov, O. Kochergina, A. Lagutik","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-216-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-216-223","url":null,"abstract":"At present, matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in the photon counting mode are widely used for detecting optical radiation. However, the char-acteristics of matrix multi-element avalanche photodetectors operating in this mode are currently insufficiently studied. Prototypes of Si-photomultiplier tubes (Si-PMTs) with a p+–p–n+ structure produced by JSC Integral (Republic of Belarus), as well as serially produced silicon photomultipliers Ketek PM 3325 and ON Semi FC 30035 have been used as objects of research. This article presents the research results of characteristics in the photon counting mode of the specified photodetec-tors. The dependences of the specific amplitude sensitivity ratio on the wavelength of optical radiation, the temperature, the supply voltage of the matrix multi-element avalanche photodetector are determined.","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130589621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Influence of penetrating radiations on electrical low frequency noise of semiconductors 穿透辐射对半导体电低频噪声的影响
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-181-186
B. Yakubovich
{"title":"Influence of penetrating radiations on electrical low frequency noise of semiconductors","authors":"B. Yakubovich","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-181-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-181-186","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of penetrating radiations on the electrical low-frequency noise of semiconductors is studied. Expression is calculated that determines the number of structural defects in semiconductors arising from exposure to penetrating radia-tion. General form expression is calculated for the spectrum of electrical low-frequency noise in semiconductors when exposed to penetrating radiation. Quanti-tative relationship was established between the spectrum of electrical low-frequency noise and the development of disturbances in the structure of semicon-ductors caused by penetrating radiations. The results obtained can be used to de-termine the spectra of electrical noise in semiconductors of various types and in numerous semiconductor devices. The results of the article have practical applica-tions. Calculated expressions allow to make estimates of the intensity of electrical low-frequency noise, from which conclusions can be drawn about possibility of functioning and reliability of semiconductor devices. Established relationship be-tween electrical noise and radiation defects can be used to estimate, based on spec-tral characteristics of the noise, the defectiveness of structure of semiconductors subjected to radiation damage.","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125975515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Probe investigating of laser plasma when intensity of radiation on the target near 109 W/cm2 激光等离子体对靶辐射强度接近109 W/cm2时的探针研究
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-187-201
S. Davydov, A. Dolgov, A. Katorov, V. Revazov, R. Yakubov
{"title":"Probe investigating of laser plasma when intensity of radiation \u0000on the target near 109 W/cm2","authors":"S. Davydov, A. Dolgov, A. Katorov, V. Revazov, R. Yakubov","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-187-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-187-201","url":null,"abstract":"The appearance of third charged particles groups has been fixed when the laser radiation interacted with metal target in rarefied environ gas. The intensity of opti-cal range laser radiation was ~109 W/cm2. The opportunity of using Langmuir probe for diagnosing plasma processes with nanosecond resolution has been demonstrated. The results of electron temperature measurements have agreed with results of estimate model calculations for the two fasted groups of particles in the absorbtion area (for experimental conditionals).","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124778346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cell membranes of plant materials anatomical integrity changes under the influence of filamentary microplasma treatment assisted by thermionic emission 热离子发射辅助的丝状微等离子体处理对植物材料细胞膜解剖完整性的影响
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-235-244
I. Shorstkii, M. Sosnin
{"title":"Cell membranes of plant materials anatomical integrity changes under the influence of filamentary microplasma treatment assisted by thermionic emission","authors":"I. Shorstkii, M. Sosnin","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-235-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-3-235-244","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of low-temperature filamentary microplasma treatment on the anatomi-cal integrity of cell membranes of plant raw materials was studied. It is shown that microplasma treatment forms a through channels in the structure of plant materi-als and accelerate mass transfer process. The effect on the cell membrane of plant raw materials leads to a change in the capillary-porous structure with the for-mation of additional pores formed by microplasma discharge, oriented along the direction of the electric field strength. It was found that the dependence of the number of destroyed cells on the intensity of microplasma treatment is limited and decreases with longer processing of plant raw materials. According to the results of experimental studies, it was established that with microplasma treatment assis-tant, it is possible to control mass transfer processes which are important for the further processing of plant raw materials, such as drying and extraction","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129079103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Current state and prospects of detectors in the terahertz rangePart 1. Direct detection of terahertz radiation 太赫兹探测器的现状与展望。第一部分。直接探测太赫兹辐射
ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-1-68-82
{"title":"Current state and prospects of detectors in the terahertz range\u0000Part 1. Direct detection of terahertz radiation","authors":"","doi":"10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-1-68-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51368/2307-4469-2021-9-1-68-82","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the problems associated with the development of technology for terahertz radiation detectors. The main physical phenomena and recent pro-gress in various methods of detecting terahertz radiation (direct detection and het-erodyne detection) are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of direct detec-tion sensors and sensors with heterodyne detection are discussed. In part 1, a number of features of direct detection are considered and some types of terahertz direct detection detectors are described. Part 2 will describe heterodyne detection and continue to describe some types of modern photonic terahertz receivers.","PeriodicalId":228648,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN APPLIED PHYSICS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128298535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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