The Professional Animal Scientist最新文献_第7页

Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on markers of inflammation in young horses in training n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对训练中小马炎症标志物的影响

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01700

J.L. Leatherwood PAS , J.A. Coverdale , C.E. Arnold , B.D. Scott

{"title":"Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on markers of inflammation in young horses in training","authors":"J.L. Leatherwood PAS , J.A. Coverdale , C.E. Arnold , B.D. Scott","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01700","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01700","url":null,"abstract":"<div>To determine the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on markers of inflammation in young horses in training, 16 Quarter Horses (2 to 4 yr) were used in a randomized complete block design for a 140-d trial. Treatments consisted of a control diet (n = 8) fed at 1% BW or a treatment diet (n = 8) of concentrate fed at 0.75% BW and 700 g of a marine n-3 supplement formulated to provide 15 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 20 g of docosahexaenoic acid. Exercise protocol was divided into 2 phases: phase 1 (d 0 to 110) consisted of early training and phase 2 (d 111 to 140) consisted of advance maneuvers. Synovial fluid was obtained from the carpal joint every 28 d and analyzed for white blood cell count, total protein, and specific gravity. Blood samples were also collected at 28-d intervals for fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography, and concentrations of carboxypeptide type II collagen (CPII) and chondroitin sulfate-846 (CS-846) were determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increased (P ≤ 0.01) in response to supplementation. However, diet did not affect serum CPII or CS-846 nor synovial white blood cell count, total protein, and specific gravity. Levels of CS-846 tended to increase over time (P = 0.09) and CPII concentration increased (P < 0.01) in response to changes in exercise. These results indicate further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of n-3 supplementation as a preventative measure against development of osteoarthritis.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 284-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90354227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Supplementation of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on pre- and postweaning growth performance of beef cattle fed warm-season forages 添加肉桂醛和大蒜油对暖季饲料肉牛断奶前和断奶后生长性能的影响

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01707

P. Moriel, G.M. Silva, M.B. Piccolo, J. Ranches, J.M.B. Vendramini PAS, J.D. Arthington PAS

{"title":"Supplementation of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on pre- and postweaning growth performance of beef cattle fed warm-season forages","authors":"P. Moriel, G.M. Silva, M.B. Piccolo, J. Ranches, J.M.B. Vendramini PAS, J.D. Arthington PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01707","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01707","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Two experiments evaluated the effects of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on performance of grazing (Exp. 1) and drylot beef cattle (Exp. 2). Treatments in both experiments consisted of daily supplement fortification with (CNG) or without (CON) cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil (300 mg/d). In Exp. 1, 24 cow-calf pairs were allocated into limpograss (Hemarthria altissima; n = 4) or bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; n = 4) pastures, which were randomly assigned to treatments (4 pastures per treatment) until weaning. Thereafter, 24 weaned heifers were allocated into bahiagrass pastures (4 pastures per treatment) for 72 d. In Exp. 2, 20 Brangus steers were fed bahiagrass hay ad libitum and concentrate DM supplementation at 1% of BW for 30 d. Effects of forage type, treatment, and interactions were not detected for growth, fecal egg counts, and plasma glucose and urea nitrogen of heifers and cows (P ≥ 0.11). The fly counts of CNG heifers on limpograss was less at weaning than for CON heifers (P = 0.03) but did not differ between CNG and CON heifers grazing bahiagrass (P = 0.66). Effects of treatment and treatment × day were not detected for postweaning growth, fecal egg counts, and plasma haptoglobin (P ≥ 0.43). In Exp. 2, effects of treatment and treatment × day were not detected for growth and total fly counts (P ≥ 0.34). Hence, daily supplementation of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil did not affect growth and fecal egg counts of grazing or drylot cattle. Cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil reduced fly counts of heifers grazing limpograss but not heifers grazing bahiagrass.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 275-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89077881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effect of supplementation during the breeding season on a May-calving beef herd in the Nebraska Sandhills 内布拉斯加州沙丘繁殖季节对5月产犊牛群的补充影响

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01693

A.C. Lansford, J.A. Musgrave, R.N. Funston PAS

{"title":"Effect of supplementation during the breeding season on a May-calving beef herd in the Nebraska Sandhills","authors":"A.C. Lansford, J.A. Musgrave, R.N. Funston PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01693","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01693","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A 4-yr study at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, Whitman, Nebraska, evaluated the effects of supplementation during the breeding season on May-calving heifers and primiparous cows. Beginning mid-July, and throughout a 45-d breeding season, heifers and primiparous cows grazed upland range and received either (1) no supplement (n = 128 heifers, 67 primiparous cows) or (2) 0.45 or 0.91 kg/animal per day for heifers and primiparous cows, respectively, of a 32% CP (DM) supplement (n = 129 heifers, 68 primiparous cows). Cows and heifers were synchronized using a single prostaglandin F2α injection 5 d after bull placement (1:20 bull-to-cow ratio). Pregnancy was diagnosed via transrectal ultrasonography in mid-October or November for heifers and primiparous cows, respectively. Weaning occurred at pregnancy diagnosis. Body weight and BCS were taken at several time points throughout the year. Heifer BW and BCS following supplementation were unaffected by treatment (P ≥ 0.10). Primiparous cow BW and BCS were greater in supplemented cows at the time of pregnancy diagnosis (P < 0.01). Pregnancy rate was similar (P ≥ 0.41) between treatments for both age groups. Treatment did not affect calf BW at birth or dystocia rates for primiparous cows (P ≥ 0.17). Calf BW at weaning was greater (P < 0.01) for supplemented primiparous dams. Supplementation during the breeding season did not affect pregnancy rates in young beef females, despite BW and BCS changes in primiparous cows.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 269-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81005628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A hedonic analysis of sale lot traits affecting calf prices in Mississippi auction markets 对影响密西西比州拍卖市场小牛价格的拍卖品特征的享乐分析

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01689

J.A. Parish , B.R. Williams , K.T. Coatney PAS , T.F. Best , C.O. Stewart

{"title":"A hedonic analysis of sale lot traits affecting calf prices in Mississippi auction markets","authors":"J.A. Parish , B.R. Williams , K.T. Coatney PAS , T.F. Best , C.O. Stewart","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01689","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01689","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The objective of this study was to quantify lot trait influences on calf prices at Mississippi auction markets. From May 2014 to 2015, 21,128 calf lots at 4 auctions were evaluated. With price differentials relative to BCS 1 to 3, premiums (P < 0.0001) were $0.2553/0.4536 kg (BCS 4), $0.3242/0.4536 kg (BCS 5), $0.3474/0.4536 kg (BCS 6), $0.3150/0.4536 kg (BCS 7), and $0.3094/0.4536 kg (BCS 8 to 9). Calves with branded hides sold for $0.0170/0.4536 kg less (P = 0.02) than unbranded calves. Price per unit BW decreased (P < 0.0001) as BW increased. There was a $0.1652/0.4536 kg premium (P < 0.0001) for black hair coat. Horned calves were discounted $0.1464/0.4536 kg (P < 0.0001). Large- and medium-framed calves were priced comparably (P = 0.41), but small-framed calves were discounted (P < 0.0001) $0.2023/0.4536 kg. Relative to average gut fill, gaunt or shrunk calves sold for $0.0839 more (P < 0.0001) and full calves for $0.0278/0.4536 kg less (P < 0.01). Price increased (P < 0.0001) as muscle thickness increased. Mildly lame or sound calves earned premiums (P < 0.001) of $0.3799/0.4536 kg or $0.5113, respectively, versus moderate to extremely lame calves. Premiums were $0.0306/0.4536 kg (P = 0.02) and $0.0402/0.4536 kg (P < 0.01) for calm and slightly alarmed calves, respectively, versus moderately alarmed, nervous, or aggressive calves. Cost should be weighed against price differentials to determine profitable trait levels.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 240-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91288551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Corrigendum to “Long-term effect of organic trace minerals on growth, reproductive performance, and first lactation in dairy heifers” (Prof. Anim. Sci. 34:51–58) “有机微量矿物质对奶牛生长、繁殖性能和首次泌乳的长期影响”(阿尼姆教授)的勘误。Sci 34:51-58)。

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2018-34-3-310

F. Pino, N. Urrutia, S. Gelsinger, A. Gehman, A. Heinrichs

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Long-term effect of organic trace minerals on growth, reproductive performance, and first lactation in dairy heifers” (Prof. Anim. Sci. 34:51–58) “有机微量矿物质对奶牛生长、繁殖性能和首次泌乳的长期影响”(阿尼姆教授)的勘误。Sci 34:51-58)。

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2018-34-3-310

F. Pino, N.L. Urrutia, S.L. Gelsinger, A.M. Gehman, A.J. Heinrichs PAS

引用次数: 0

Effect of protein restriction of Angus cows during late gestation: Subsequent reproductive performance and milk yield 妊娠后期蛋白质限制对安格斯奶牛繁殖性能和产奶量的影响

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01701

S. López Valiente , S. Maresca , A.M. Rodríguez , R.A. Palladino , I.M. Lacau-Mengido , N.M. Long , G. Quintans

{"title":"Effect of protein restriction of Angus cows during late gestation: Subsequent reproductive performance and milk yield","authors":"S. López Valiente , S. Maresca , A.M. Rodríguez , R.A. Palladino , I.M. Lacau-Mengido , N.M. Long , G. Quintans","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01701","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01701","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The effect of level of CP fed during late gestation on reproductive performance and milk production was studied in multiparous cows. Sixty-eight pregnant Angus cows were used. At 121 d prepartum, cows were blocked by BW (409 ± 57 kg) and expected calving date, randomly assigned to a low-protein (LP = 6% CP) or high-protein diet (HP = 12% CP), and allocated to 12 pens per treatment. After parturition, all cows were managed in a single group until weaning. Body weight and BCS were determined at the start of the experiment, at calving, and at weaning. Nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, IGF-1, and glucose were determined every 24 d prepartum and nonesterified fatty acids and glucose every 38 d postpartum. Progesterone was quantified weekly to indicate luteal activity and estimate interval to first estrus. Milk production was measured until weaning. The HP cows had greater BW gain during the prepartum period (P < 0.01) and tended to gain more BCS (P = 0.06) than LP cows. The prepartum diet did not affect gestation length (P = 0.44) or interval from calving to the onset of luteal activity (P = 0.35). Pregnancy rates, milk quality, and production were not influenced by dietary treatments. Cows in the HP treatment had greater prepartum serum urea concentrations than LP treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, protein level prepartum in multiparous beef cows affected the BW change at calving, without consequences on reproductive performance and milk quality and yield.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80552513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Technical Note: Comparison of 4 methods for determining in vitro ruminal digestibility of annual ryegrass 技术说明:测定一年生黑麦草体外瘤胃消化率的4种方法的比较

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01688

M. Alende , G.J. Lascano , T.C. Jenkins , L.E. Koch PAS , G. Volpi-Lagreca , J.G. Andrae

{"title":"Technical Note: Comparison of 4 methods for determining in vitro ruminal digestibility of annual ryegrass","authors":"M. Alende , G.J. Lascano , T.C. Jenkins , L.E. Koch PAS , G. Volpi-Lagreca , J.G. Andrae","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2017-01688","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Multiple IVDMD methods exist, but information comparing results obtained by different methods is scarce. This study aimed to compare 3 different IVDMD methods [DaisyII (DY), batch culture (BC), and the Ankom Gas Production System (GP)] at 4 incubation times (IT; 12, 24, 36 and 48 h). Additionally, results obtained at 24 h were compared with those obtained from dual-flow, continuous-culture fermentors (CF). Annual ryegrass at vegetative state was clipped from an ungrazed pasture, dried (60°C, 48 h), and ground in a Wiley Mill (1 mm). Three 48-h periods of each method were conducted using rumen inoculum from a cannulated Holstein cow. Ankom F57 acetone prerinsed bags containing 0.5 ± 0.01 <!-->g of sample were used for DY, BC, and GP. Apparent DM digestibility coefficients in CF were estimated in 3 periods (7 d of adaptation and 3 d of collection) started simultaneously with the other methods. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS in a model including method and IT as fixed factors and period as a random factor, with IT as a repeated measure. Means within each IT were compared by the PDIFF function. Results indicated that DY predicted greater DM digestibility than GP and BC at IT greater than 12 h. Apparent DM digestibility estimated using CF was similar to that obtained with BC and GP at 24 h but less than DY. We conclude that different IVDMD methods yield different results, and caution should be exercised when comparing data obtained by different methods.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 306-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91750396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Case Study: Mitigation of heat stress in feedlot cattle by applying reflective pigments to the dorsal body surface 案例研究:在饲养场牛的体背表面涂上反射色素以减轻热应激

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01665

S.J. Bartle , D. van der Merwe , C.D. Reinhardt PAS , E.F. Schwandt , D.U. Thomson PAS

{"title":"Case Study: Mitigation of heat stress in feedlot cattle by applying reflective pigments to the dorsal body surface","authors":"S.J. Bartle , D. van der Merwe , C.D. Reinhardt PAS , E.F. Schwandt , D.U. Thomson PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2017-01665","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Heat stress in feedlot cattle has serious animal welfare and economic implications. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether a titanium dioxide coating applied to the dorsal midline of cattle would reflect solar radiation and mitigate heat stress. Feedlot heifers (n = 30; 269 ± 27.6 kg) were randomly assigned to a noncoated (control) or titanium dioxide–coated treatment. Coating was applied to the dorsal midline except for a control area over the dorsal anterior midline. Reflectance was measured with a suspended modified digital camera in a blue band, a green band, and a near-infrared band. Skin surface temperature was measured with a suspended infrared thermal imaging sensor. Vaginal thermometers recorded the internal body temperature of heifers. Reflectance in the blue, green, and red edge to near infrared bands were found to be 5.7, 8.8, and 10.3 times greater (P < 0.001), respectively, for the coated areas compared with the noncoated areas. Dorsal surface temperature averaged 39.1 and 42.4°C for coated and noncoated areas, respectively (P < 0.001). Reflectance values and skin surface temperatures suggest that the coating decreased solar energy absorption. Over a 2- to 3-h period of exposure to natural solar radiation on a day with temperature–humidity index of 86.9, titanium dioxide–coated cattle had stable body temperatures, whereas the body temperatures of control heifers increased 0.8°C. A reflective coating applied to the dorsal midline could be an opportunity to decrease solar radiation energy absorbed by feedlot cattle.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91750397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of Synovex One Grass, Revalor-G, or Encore implants on performance of steers grazing for up to 200 days Synovex One Grass、revor - g或Encore植入物对放牧200天的阉牛生产性能的影响

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01685

R.M. Cleale , D.R. Hilbig , T.H. Short , S.H. Sweiger , T. Gallery

{"title":"Effects of Synovex One Grass, Revalor-G, or Encore implants on performance of steers grazing for up to 200 days","authors":"R.M. Cleale , D.R. Hilbig , T.H. Short , S.H. Sweiger , T. Gallery","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01685","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01685","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Growth rates by cattle (n = 986) grazing for 200 d and treated with Synovex One Grass (SOG; 150 mg of trenbolone acetate, 21 mg of estradiol benzoate), Revalor-G (REVG; 40 mg of trenbolone acetate, 8 mg of estradiol), or Encore (ENC; 43.9 mg of estradiol) were measured under field use conditions in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were defined by study start dates (n = 3). Crossbred beef cattle, which included steers (n = 669) and bulls castrated upon arrival (n = 317), were stratified by sex and pretreatment BW within start date and assigned to treatments within strata (n = 328 to 330 per treatment, initial BW = 191 ± 2.3 kg). Implants were given on d 0 after BW was measured. Blocks were subdivided into pasture management groups with equal numbers from each treatment on each pasture, and animal was the experimental unit. Cattle grazed pastures supplemented with 26% CP concentrate and bermudagrass hay during periods of limited forage. Cattle BW were also measured on d 70 and 200; implant status (present or absent) was documented on d 70. Average BW of SOG cattle (391.2 kg) was greater (P < 0.05) on d 200 than REVG (380.7 kg) or ENC (381.4 kg). Between d 0 and 200, ADG by SOG cattle was 1.00 kg/d, which was greater (P < 0.05) than REVG (0.95 kg/d) or ENC (0.95 kg/d). Economics were assessed based on cattle purchase and sale prices, implant costs, and morbidity; cattle treated with SOG returned $24.35 more than REVG and $26.77 more than ENC (P < 0.05). Over 200 d, grazing cattle implanted with SOG gained more than REVG or ENC, which increased returns.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 2","pages":"Pages 192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73118430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4