The Professional Animal Scientist最新文献

{"title":"Effects of using increasingly aggressive implant protocols on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of calf-fed steers","authors":"C.R. Oney ,&nbsp;M.N. Streeter ,&nbsp;W.T. Nichols ,&nbsp;B.D. Dicke PAS ,&nbsp;R.J. Cooper ,&nbsp;D.J. Jordon PAS ,&nbsp;T.L. Scott ,&nbsp;E. Larson ,&nbsp;S.M. McNeley ,&nbsp;R.C. Raymond ,&nbsp;G.E. Erickson PAS ,&nbsp;A.K. Watson PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01703","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Three experiments evaluated aggressive implant strategies to better understand implant duration and allow for maximum return on implant investment in feedlot<span> steers. Crossbred steers (n = 1,350; 282 kg initial BW, SD = 8) were fed for an average of 215 d (Exp. 1). Treatments were Revalor-IS (80 mg of trenbolone acetate<span> and 16 mg of estradiol) or Revalor-XS (200 mg of trenbolone acetate and 40 mg of estradiol) initially followed by 1 or 2 consecutive Revalor-200 (200 mg of trenbolone acetate and 20 mg of estradiol) implants (6 replications). Crossbred steers (n = 1,513; 265 kg initial BW, SD = 18) were fed for an average of 208 d (Exp. 2). Treatments were (1) Revalor-G (40 mg of trenbolone acetate and 8 mg of estradiol) on d 0, Revalor-IS on d 50, and Revalor-200 on d 140; (2) Ralgro (36 mg of zeranol) on d 0 and Revalor-XS on d 50; and (3) Revalor-XS on d 0 and Revalor-200 on d 140 (5 replications). Holstein steers (n = 1,832; 144 kg initial BW, SD = 11) were fed for an average of 360 d (Exp. 3). Treatments were (1) Ralgro on d 0, Revalor-IS on d 120, and Revalor-S on d 240; (2) Ralgro on d 0 and Revalor-XS on d 120; (3) Ralgro on d 0, Revalor-IS on d 60, and Revalor-XS on d 160; and (4) Revalor-XS on d 0 and Revalor-XS on d 160 (6 replications). In all 3 experiments, final BW, ADG, and HCW were not affected by treatment (</span></span></span><em>P</em> ≥ 0.12). Increasingly aggressive implant protocols have limited effects on feedlot and carcass performance of beef and Holstein steers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 379-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84196407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supplementation with betaine and superdosed phytase on semen characteristics of boars during and after mild heat stress","authors":"D.W. Lugar ,&nbsp;T. Gellert ,&nbsp;J. Proctor ,&nbsp;P. Wilcock ,&nbsp;B. Richert ,&nbsp;K.R. Stewart","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01742","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of betaine and superdosed phytase on boar reproduction during mild heat stress. Twenty-seven mature (36 wk old), crossbred boars [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] were randomly allocated to treatment and were fed 2.6 kg/d of 1 of 3 corn, soybean meal diets: control (CNT; 250 phytase units/kg </span><em>Escherichia coli</em> phytase; n = 9), betaine (BET; 250 phytase units/kg <em>E. coli</em> phytase and 0.6% betaine; n = 9), and betaine and superdosed phytase (BP; 2,500 phytase units/kg <em>E. coli</em> phytase and 0.6% betaine; n = 9). The experiment was split into 4 environmental phases (4 wk/phase) consisting of pre-heat stress (26°C), heat stress (30.2°C), post-heat stress 1 (16.7°C), and post-heat stress 2 (17.5°C). Semen was collected weekly from each boar and was evaluated for semen quantity and quality parameters. Total motility, progressive motility and percentage of morphologically normal sperm were reduced in the heat stress period (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) with no effects from the dietary treatments (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.27). Total sperm did not differ among treatments (<em>P</em> = 0.99). Percent distal droplets increased from the pre-heat stress to heat stress period for CNT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), but the increase was not statistically different for BET (<em>P</em> = 0.97) or BP (<em>P</em> = 1.00). This suggests that supplementation with betaine alone or with phytase may potentially reduce the effects of heat stress on specific morphological abnormalities, though total normal morphology did not differ.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 326-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78512081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentation characteristics and feeding value of ensiled wet corn distillers grains in combination with wet beet pulp for lactating dairy cows","authors":"Sanjeewa D. Ranathunga ,&nbsp;Kenneth F. Kalscheur PAS ,&nbsp;Alvaro D. Garcia,&nbsp;David J. Schingoethe","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01727","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Two experiments were conducted to evaluate (1) fermentation characteristics of ensiled wet corn distillers grains with solubles (WDG) and wet </span>beet pulp<span><span> (WBP) and (2) feeding value of ensiled blends of WDG and WBP in lactating dairy cow diets. On an as-fed basis, the ratio of ensiling for WDG:WBP was (1) 100:0 (DG100), (2) 67:33 (DG67), (3) 33:67 (DG33), and (4) 0:100 (DG0), respectively. Feedstuffs were ensiled and sampled at d 0, 4, 8, 21, and 112. Initial pH was lowest for DG100 and increased as the WBP was included. Low initial pH and increased acetic acid concentration with decreasing lactic acid concentration may have helped preserve both feedstuffs and their blends. Lactic acid was the predominant organic acid for DG100, and acetic acid was predominant at d 112 for the other 3 treatments. A feeding study followed the ensiling study. Nine cows (92 ± 4 DIM; mean ± SD) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. They were fed the (1) control diet; (2) low WDG diet with 21.7% DG33 blend (DM basis); and (3) high WDG diet with 24.6% DG67 blend (DM basis). There was no effect of diet on DMI. Milk yield was greater for cows fed WDG diets compared with cows fed the control diet; however, there was no effect of diet on energy-corrected milk. Milk fat concentration decreased for cows fed WDG diets compared with control diet; however, milk fat yield was not affected by diet. Cows fed WDG diets tended to produce milk with greater milk protein concentration and yield compared with cows fed the control diet, but there was no difference between WDG diets. Results provide evidence that ensiling WDG and WBP to preserve each wet by-product was possible and that ensiled blends could be incorporated in diets of lactating dairy cows to increase milk production and </span>milk protein yield.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 346-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87356360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Virginia wildrye, annual ryegrass, and wheat for weaned beef steers grazing and confinement feeding","authors":"J.A. Parish PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01740","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Virginia wildrye (<em>Elymus virginicus</em><span> L.; VWR) was compared with Marshall annual ryegrass (</span><span><em>Lolium multiflorum</em></span>; ARG) and EK102 wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em><span>; WHT) as pasture and with ARG for confinement feeding. Replicated (n = 3) 2.17-ha pastures were continuously stocked with 4 British crossbred steers (initial BW = 233 ± 28.5 kg) per pasture during spring in 2 yr to evaluate ADG and forage nutritive value. Forage TDN (</span><em>P</em><span><span> = 0.87), NDF treated with amylase and </span>sodium sulfite (</span><em>P</em> = 0.83), and ADF (<em>P</em> = 0.17) were comparable among species. No CP concentration differences (<em>P</em> = 0.12) were observed in 2015; however, CP concentration of VWR (10.1 ± 0.5) was greater (<em>P</em> = 0.01) than that of WHT (8.7 ± 0.5) in 2016. At d 0, ARG relative feed value concentration (133.8 ± 5.4) was greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) than that of VWR (111.2 ± 5.4) or WHT (117.7 ± 5.4). At d 28 (<em>P</em> = 0.08) and d 56 (<em>P</em> = 0.56), relative feed value was not different among species. Steer ADG was greater on ARG (1.40<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.05 kg/steer per day) than on WHT (1.20<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.05 kg/steer per day; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) or VWR (1.26<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.05 kg/steer per day; <em>P</em> = 0.03). Penned steers had comparable (<em>P</em> = 0.90) daily DMI of ensiled ARG (7.99<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.14 kg/d) and VWR (7.88<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.14 kg/d) in 2015 but more (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) daily DMI of VWR (7.42<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.14 kg/d) than of ARG (6.19<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.14 kg/d) in 2016. Further research is needed to explore forage persistence and economics of VWR for grazing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 356-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85269086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study: Effect of type of processor on corn silage processing score in samples of whole-plant corn silage","authors":"L. Ferraretto, B. Saylor, J. Goeser, K. A. Bryan","doi":"10.15232/PAS.2017-01719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/PAS.2017-01719","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of processor type on fermentation profile, corn silage processing score, and physically effective NDF of whole-plant corn silage samples. A data set composed of 3,900 whole-plant corn silage samples was obtained from Rock River Laboratory (Watertown, WI). All samples were collected from 2013 to 2016 by the Chr. Hansen team under specific protocols to label samples as shredlage (SHRD) only if confirmed by farmers or custom harvesters. A total of 309 and 3,591 samples were labeled as SHRD and nonshredlage (CONV), respectively. Samples had been previously analyzed for corn silage processing score, physically effective NDF, and predicted ruminal in vitro NDF digestibility at 30 h (using near-infrared spectroscopy). In addition, 2,394 samples (272 SHRD and 2,394 CONV) had previously been analyzed via wet chemistry for fermentation profile. Loss of DM during fermentation was calculated with a predictive equation. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix in SAS with type of processor (SHRD vs. CONV) as a fixed effect. Statistical significance and trends were declared at P ≤ 0.05 and 0.05 0.10) and averaged 2.27, 0.35, 0.36, and 0.57%, respectively. Recovery of DM was improved (P = 0.05; 2.42 vs. 2.73%) for SHRD, but the difference is of minor importance. Corn silage processing score was 4.6 percentage units greater for SHRD than for CONV silages (P = 0.001; 68.1 vs. 63.53% starch passing through a 4.75-mm sieve). In contrast, physically effective NDF and predicted ruminal in vitro NDF digestibility were (P = 0.001) 1.8 and 1.6 percentage units greater for CONV. Our results suggest that harvesting whole-plant corn silage as SHRD improved kernel breakage while maintaining adequate fermentation patterns compared with CONV.","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88467689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Cool-season annual grasses or grass–clover management options for extending the fall–winter–early spring grazing season for beef cattle1","authors":"M.K. Mullenix ,&nbsp;F.M. Rouquette Jr. PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01714","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cool-season annual forages may supply seasonal forage for grazing and reduce needs for stored forages and concentrate supplements for beef cattle producers in the southeastern United States. Opportunity exists to use small grains that vary in their individual growth distribution to extend grazing during the fall–winter–early spring seasons. Small grains adapted to the region include cereal rye (<span><em>Secale cereale</em></span> L.), wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.), oats (<span><em>Avena sativa</em></span><span> L.), and triticale (</span><em>Triticosecale</em><span><span><span> Wittm.). These species have a bimodal forage DM production trait during the autumn and early winter months and can be grown in monocultures or mixtures. Fall forage production potential of these species has been primarily dependent on planting method, seeding date, </span>soil fertility or fertilization, and variety selection. Small grain varieties may also be grown in combination with annual </span>ryegrass (</span><span><em>Lolium multiflorum</em></span> Lam.), clovers, or both to extend the seasons of grazing for fall or winter-calving cows or stockers. Annual ryegrass and legumes in the Southeast include cold-tolerant and rust-resistant diploid and tetraploid varieties of ryegrass, and adapted true clover (<span><em>Trifolium</em></span> sp.) varieties. Autumn-planted ryegrass or clovers including crimson (<span><em>Trifolium incarnatum</em></span> L.), arrowleaf (<em>Trifolium vesiculosum</em> Savi), ball (<em>Trifolium nigrescens</em><span> Viv.), and red clover (</span><em>Trifolium pratense</em><span> L.) provide minimal to nonexistent forage mass for grazing during the fall. Naturally reseeding ryegrass or clovers may provide earlier forage mass compared with small grains; however, DM is usually not adequate for stocking until late-January to mid-February, and it extends through May. Tetraploid varieties of ryegrass, when seeded into a prepared seedbed<span><span>, can provide adequate forage mass for fall grazing similar to small grains. Earliness of forage mass for stocking among clovers ranges from crimson (earliest) to arrowleaf and ball (mid to late) to white and red (late to early summer). These cool-season forage systems provide suckling calf ADG that may approach or exceed 1.5 kg/d and stocker cattle ADG of more than 1 kg/d. Management strategies for sustainable </span>cow-calf production include the strategic use of cool-season forages, assessment of fertilization demands and timing, and assessment of stocking rate to optimize forage utilization and desired animal performance.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 231-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91446504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study: Mitigation of heat stress in feedlot cattle by applying reflective pigments to the dorsal body surface","authors":"S. Bartle, D. Merwe, C. Reinhardt, E. Schwandt, D. Thomson","doi":"10.15232/PAS.2017-01665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/PAS.2017-01665","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Heat stress in feedlot cattle has serious animal welfare and economic implications. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether a titanium dioxide coating applied to the dorsal midline of cattle would reflect solar radiation and mitigate heat stress. Feedlot heifers (n = 30; 269 ± 27.6 kg) were randomly assigned to a noncoated (control) or titanium dioxide–coated treatment. Coating was applied to the dorsal midline except for a control area over the dorsal anterior midline. Reflectance was measured with a suspended modified digital camera in a blue band, a green band, and a near-infrared band. Skin surface temperature was measured with a suspended infrared thermal imaging sensor. Vaginal thermometers recorded the internal body temperature of heifers. Reflectance in the blue, green, and red edge to near infrared bands were found to be 5.7, 8.8, and 10.3 times greater (P","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75458544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Note: Comparison of 4 methods for determining in vitro ruminal digestibility of annual ryegrass","authors":"M. Alende, G. Lascano, T. Jenkins, L. E. Koch, Gabriela Volpi-Lagreca, J. Andrae","doi":"10.15232/PAS.2017-01688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/PAS.2017-01688","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Multiple IVDMD methods exist, but information comparing results obtained by different methods is scarce. This study aimed to compare 3 different IVDMD methods [DaisyII (DY), batch culture (BC), and the Ankom Gas Production System (GP)] at 4 incubation times (IT; 12, 24, 36 and 48 h). Additionally, results obtained at 24 h were compared with those obtained from dual-flow, continuous-culture fermentors (CF). Annual ryegrass at vegetative state was clipped from an ungrazed pasture, dried (60°C, 48 h), and ground in a Wiley Mill (1 mm). Three 48-h periods of each method were conducted using rumen inoculum from a cannulated Holstein cow. Ankom F57 acetone prerinsed bags containing 0.5 ± 0.01 g of sample were used for DY, BC, and GP. Apparent DM digestibility coefficients in CF were estimated in 3 periods (7 d of adaptation and 3 d of collection) started simultaneously with the other methods. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS in a model including method and IT as fixed factors and period as a random factor, with IT as a repeated measure. Means within each IT were compared by the PDIFF function. Results indicated that DY predicted greater DM digestibility than GP and BC at IT greater than 12 h. Apparent DM digestibility estimated using CF was similar to that obtained with BC and GP at 24 h but less than DY. We conclude that different IVDMD methods yield different results, and caution should be exercised when comparing data obtained by different methods.","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72891154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral retention of growing and finishing beef cattle across different production systems1","authors":"A.K. Watson PAS ,&nbsp;K.E. Hales ,&nbsp;M.J. Hersom PAS ,&nbsp;G.W. Horn PAS ,&nbsp;J.J. Wagner PAS ,&nbsp;C.R. Krehbiel PAS ,&nbsp;M.P. McCurdy ,&nbsp;G.E. Erickson PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01672","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calcium, P, Mg, K, and S retention in carcass, offal, and viscera were measured in 2 beef cattle experiments. <span>Experiment 1</span><span> used 30 steers (245 kg of BW; SE = 4 kg) wintered at 3 levels of gain: grazing wheat pasture at a (1) high or (2) low rate of gain or (3) grazing dormant native range, and all were finished on a common diet (71% corn, 9% cottonseed hulls, 5.35% soybean meal). </span><span>Experiment 2</span><span><span> used 46 steers (240 kg of BW; SE = 4 kg) fed 3 growing diets with similar rate of gain: (1) sorghum silage, (2) program-fed high-concentrate diet, or (3) wheat-pasture grazing, or placed directly into the </span>feedlot. In </span><span>Exp. 1</span>, retention of Mg, K, and S (g/100 g of protein gain) during the finishing period was greater for treatments wintered at a low rate of gain during the growing period (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.02). There were no treatment differences for P or Ca retention during the finishing period (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.39). In <span>Exp. 2</span>, no differences were noted due to treatment (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.25) or feeding period (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.37) for Ca, P, Mg, K, and S retention (g/100 g of protein gain). Concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Na were greater in offal than carcass tissues in both experiments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In both experiments, expressing mineral retention on a protein gain basis minimized effects due to BW or rate of gain, allowing for a better comparison of mineral retention across a variety of animals and diets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 250-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82497079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study: Effect of type of processor on corn silage processing score in samples of whole-plant corn silage","authors":"L.F. Ferraretto PAS ,&nbsp;B.A. Saylor PAS ,&nbsp;J.P. Goeser PAS ,&nbsp;K.A. Bryan","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2017-01719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of processor type on fermentation profile, corn silage processing score, and physically effective NDF of whole-plant corn silage samples. A data set composed of 3,900 whole-plant corn silage samples was obtained from Rock River Laboratory (Watertown, WI). All samples were collected from 2013 to 2016 by the Chr. Hansen team under specific protocols to label samples as shredlage (SHRD) only if confirmed by farmers or custom </span>harvesters. A total of 309 and 3,591 samples were labeled as SHRD and nonshredlage (CONV), respectively. Samples had been previously analyzed for corn silage processing score, physically effective NDF, and predicted ruminal in vitro NDF digestibility at 30 h (using near-infrared spectroscopy). In addition, 2,394 samples (272 SHRD and 2,394 CONV) had previously been analyzed via wet chemistry for fermentation profile. Loss of DM during fermentation was calculated with a predictive equation. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix in SAS with type of processor (SHRD vs. CONV) as a fixed effect. Statistical significance and trends were declared at </span><em>P</em> ≤ 0.05 and 0.05 &lt; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.10, respectively. The pH was less (<em>P</em> = 0.01; 3.90 vs. 3.97) for SHRD than CONV, which was related to greater (<em>P</em> = 0.001; 4.89 vs. 4.34% of DM) lactic acid concentrations. Concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ethanol did not differ (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.10) and averaged 2.27, 0.35, 0.36, and 0.57%, respectively. Recovery of DM was improved (<em>P</em><span> = 0.05; 2.42 vs. 2.73%) for SHRD, but the difference is of minor importance. Corn silage processing score was 4.6 percentage units greater for SHRD than for CONV silages (</span><em>P</em> = 0.001; 68.1 vs. 63.53% starch passing through a 4.75-mm sieve). In contrast, physically effective NDF and predicted ruminal in vitro NDF digestibility were (<em>P</em> = 0.001) 1.8 and 1.6 percentage units greater for CONV. Our results suggest that harvesting whole-plant corn silage as SHRD improved kernel breakage while maintaining adequate fermentation patterns compared with CONV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 3","pages":"Pages 293-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91750398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}