The Professional Animal Scientist最新文献_第5页

Case Study: Effects of body weight gain and bovine somatotropin treatment of postpartum beef cows on concentrations of IGF-1, insulin, and glucose in blood plasma; luteal activity; and calf growth1 案例研究:产后肉牛增重和牛生长激素处理对血浆IGF-1、胰岛素和葡萄糖浓度的影响;黄体活动;还有小牛的生长

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2018-01746

M.J. Cooper-Prado, I. Rubio , N.M. Long , M.P. Davis , L.J. Spicer, R.P. Wettemann PAS

{"title":"Case Study: Effects of body weight gain and bovine somatotropin treatment of postpartum beef cows on concentrations of IGF-1, insulin, and glucose in blood plasma; luteal activity; and calf growth1","authors":"M.J. Cooper-Prado, I. Rubio , N.M. Long , M.P. Davis , L.J. Spicer, R.P. Wettemann PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01746","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01746","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Angus × Hereford cows (2 and 3 yr of age, n = 37) were used to evaluate the effects of postpartum BW gain and treatment with bovine somatotropin (bST) on concentrations of IGF-I, glucose, and insulin in plasma during early lactation; luteal activity; and calf growth. Cows (456 ± 52 kg, BCS = 4.6 ± 0.4) were stratified based on calving date and BCS and randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial: weight gain ≤0.4 kg/d (MWG) or >0.4 kg/d (HWG) during 24 to 59 d postpartum, injection with bST or saline (CON) on d 31 and 45 postpartum, and 2 or 3 yr of age. Concentrations of IGF-I in plasma before bST treatment were greater (P = 0.02) for HWG compared with MWG cows, and IGF-I was greater (P < 0.01) after bST in HWG bST cows compared with MWG bST, MWG CON, or HWG CON cows. Concentrations of glucose in plasma were greater (P ≤ 0.01) in HWG bST cows compared with HWG CON, MWG CON, and MWG bST cows after bST treatment. Weight gain and treatment with bST did not influence the percentage of cows with luteal activity by 59 d after calving. Average daily gain of calves to 140 d of age was greater (P < 0.01) for HWG-treated and tended to be greater (P = 0.06) for bST-treated cows compared with MWG and CON cows, respectively. Weight gain of young lactating beef cows increased plasma concentrations of IGF-I and glucose after treatment with bST.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 5","pages":"Pages 513-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87620204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Blood serum mineral element concentrations of weaned Montana ram lambs and their relationship with water quality characteristics 蒙大拿公羊断奶羔羊血清矿质元素浓度及其与水质特性的关系

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.15232/PAS.2018-01747

C. M. Page, T. Murphy, M. V. Emon, J. Bowman, S. Wyffels, W. Stewart

{"title":"Blood serum mineral element concentrations of weaned Montana ram lambs and their relationship with water quality characteristics","authors":"C. M. Page, T. Murphy, M. V. Emon, J. Bowman, S. Wyffels, W. Stewart","doi":"10.15232/PAS.2018-01747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/PAS.2018-01747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Clinical and subclinical trace mineral deficiencies can limit productivity in western sheep production systems. The objective of this research was to determine the proportion of ranches that supplemented with trace minerals and to quantify serum trace mineral concentrations in ram lambs after weaning across Montana with particular emphasis on Se and Zn. Serum samples (n = 214) were collected from ram lambs 8 to 10 mo of age (52.8 ± 16 kg) at 21 ranches throughout Montana and analyzed for Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn. Ranches were classified as deficient, marginally deficient, adequate, or excessive by flock mean serum trace mineral concentrations. Additionally, water samples were analyzed for pertinent characteristics. The median and interquartile range of serum concentrations for each trace mineral across ranches were as follows: Co (0.41 ng/mL; 0.90 ng/mL), Cu (0.79 μg/mL; 0.24 μg/mL), Fe (153 μg/dL; 52 μg/dL), Mn (1.70 ng/mL; 0.80 ng/mL), Mo (15.3 ng/mL; 19.3 ng/mL), Se (115 ng/mL; 97.5 ng/mL), and Zn (0.70 μg/mL, 0.19 μg/mL). Of ranches surveyed, 67% provided a trace mineral supplement. Ranches that provided supplementary trace mineral had greater serum Se concentrations (P","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77816490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Case Study: Intake and apparent digestibility by beef calves of Alamo and Cave-in-Rock switchgrass cultivars harvested as hay at 3 different maturities 案例研究:Alamo和岩洞柳枝稷品种在3个不同成熟度作为干草收获的牛肉犊牛采食量和表观消化率

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01713

D. Davis , G. Aiken PAS , D.A. Llewellyn , K. Lea , S.R. Smith

{"title":"Case Study: Intake and apparent digestibility by beef calves of Alamo and Cave-in-Rock switchgrass cultivars harvested as hay at 3 different maturities","authors":"D. Davis , G. Aiken PAS , D.A. Llewellyn , K. Lea , S.R. Smith","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01713","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01713","url":null,"abstract":"<div>There has been increased interest in using switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a biomass crop. There are several challenges to developing this industry, and these have led to the potential use of switchgrass as hay for feeding beef cattle in Kentucky. The effect of increasing maturity on concentrations of CP, NDF, ADF, and other nutritive value indicators of switchgrass hay is well documented, but few in vivo intake and digestibility trials have been conducted to assess this effect on beef cattle performance. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of increasing plant maturity on DMI, apparent digestible DMI, and DM digestibility, and to investigate potential challenges for producers when incorporating switchgrass hay into their forage rotation for feeding beef cattle. Two in vivo intake and digestibility trials were conducted in 2011 in which Angus × Hereford beef steers (199.5 to 264.9 kg) were fed ad libitum Alamo and Cave-in-Rock switchgrass harvested as late vegetative, boot, and early flowering hay. Dry matter intake decreased by 1.0 and 0.6% of BW from late vegetative to early flowering stages with Alamo and Cave-in-Rock cultivars, respectively. Similarly, DM digestibility decreased by 15.9 and 18.5% and digestible DMI decreased by 1.0 and 0.6% of BW. Observed decreases in nutritive value, DMI, apparent digestible DMI, and DM digestibility indicate that producers should harvest Alamo and Cave-in-Rock switchgrass before it reaches the boot stage of maturity.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 5","pages":"Pages 469-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86797768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Evaluation of current United States swine selection indexes and indexes designed for Chinese pork production 美国现行生猪选育指标与我国猪肉生产指标的评价

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2018-01731

J. Cheng , D.W. Newcom , M.M. Schutz , Q. Cui , B. Li , H. Zhang , A.P. Schinckel PAS

{"title":"Evaluation of current United States swine selection indexes and indexes designed for Chinese pork production","authors":"J. Cheng , D.W. Newcom , M.M. Schutz , Q. Cui , B. Li , H. Zhang , A.P. Schinckel PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01731","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01731","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The objective was to compare selection indexes based on the production costs and economic values from the United States and China. Indexes including terminal sire (TSI), maternal line (MLI), and sow productivity (SPI) were calculated based on the production costs and market prices for the United States and China. Estimated breeding values for days to 113.5 kg, backfat depth, loin muscle area, number born alive, number weaned, litter weight adjusted to 21 d, days from weaning to estrus, and litter birth weight were provided by a Chinese pig breeding company to evaluate alternative TSI and MLI indexes. The Duroc data included 559 dams, 39 sires, 5,079 boars, and 4,809 gilts. The Landrace data included 199 dams, 83 sires, 2,749 boars, and 2,750 gilts. The Yorkshire data included 1,368 dams, 139 sires, 18,481 boars, and 17,962 gilts. The means, SD, and correlations for the estimated breeding values and indexes were calculated. The Chinese TSI values were more highly correlated (r = 0.97 to 0.99) with the US indexes than the MLI values (r = 0.92 to 0.97). Overall, the Chinese indexes had greater SD (TSI, 58 to 87% greater; SPI, 22 to 26% greater; MLI, 43 to 76% greater). The TSI were all highly correlated (r >0.98) with feed conversion. The Chinese MLI values had greater correlations with TSI and lesser correlations with SPI than the US indexes. The Chinese MLI placed greater emphasis on the postweaning traits but less emphasis on sow productivity traits than did the current US MLI.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 5","pages":"Pages 474-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76297043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Effects of squared-toe or perimeter-fit horseshoes on quality of movement and gait kinematics of the western pleasure horse 方趾或围合马蹄铁对西部游乐马运动质量和步态运动学的影响

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01717

Laura White , Paeden Underwood , Libby Hirtz , Douglas Hogue , Kelly Walter

{"title":"Effects of squared-toe or perimeter-fit horseshoes on quality of movement and gait kinematics of the western pleasure horse","authors":"Laura White , Paeden Underwood , Libby Hirtz , Douglas Hogue , Kelly Walter","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01717","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01717","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Our objective was to evaluate gait quality and kinematics of the western pleasure horse shod with a squared-toe aluminum shoe (ST) in comparison with a perimeter-fit aluminum shoe (PF) on the thoracic digit. Nine Quarter horses were used in a repeated-measures study and randomly selected to be shod with either a ST or PF shoe for 6 wk and then reshod with the opposing treatment. Horses were videoed being ridden at the walk, jog, and lope 2 wk after each shoeing cycle. Evaluations of forelimb gait kinematics (stride length, metacarpophalangeal extension, humeroradial and carpal range of motion) were performed by EquineTec gait software analysis (Equine Tec Inc., Monroe, GA), and evaluation of quality of movement was conducted by 10 equine judging professionals. Quality of movement scores were not different (P > 0.45) for the walk, jog, or lope. Kinematic advantages of the PF treatment were revealed, including increased humeroradial extension (P < 0.05), increased (P < 0.02) carpal flexion at most gaits, increased (P < 0.01) carpal extension at most gaits, increased (P < 0.05) metacarpophalangeal extension at the jog and lope, and longer (P = 0.02) stride length at the lope. Results indicate that kinematic evaluation by video analysis software reveals advantages in stride length and thoracic limb extension of western pleasure horses when shod with the PF shoe. However, pragmatic evaluation by professional judges reveals no advantages to either treatment; therefore, the industry has the option to use a PF horseshoe and achieve the same quality of movement as the ST, while potentially amplifying the longevity of the western pleasure horse.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 5","pages":"Pages 488-493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90815737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Technical Note: The use of total gas collection for measuring methane production in vented in vitro systems 技术说明:使用总气体收集来测量通风体外系统中的甲烷产量

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2018-01745

Pablo S. Alvarez Hess , Paula A. Giraldo , S. Richard O. Williams , Joe L. Jacobs , Murray C. Hannah , Peter J. Moate , Richard J. Eckard

{"title":"Technical Note: The use of total gas collection for measuring methane production in vented in vitro systems","authors":"Pablo S. Alvarez Hess , Paula A. Giraldo , S. Richard O. Williams , Joe L. Jacobs , Murray C. Hannah , Peter J. Moate , Richard J. Eckard","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01745","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01745","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In previous studies using Ankom GP vented in vitro systems (Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY), methane production was estimated from gas production (GP) and a single gas sample from the incubation vessel’s headspace at the end of the incubation. An accurate method requires measurement of methane in the incubation vessel’s headspace and in the gases vented over the incubation period. This research aimed to determine whether the act of collecting the gas vented from the Ankom GP system influenced the estimation by the Ankom GP system of the volume of gas produced or the composition of the gas produced. A method involving collecting gas through a long (304 cm), narrow (1 mm i.d.) gas line estimated greater GP than a control method not involving collection of gas. A method involving collecting gas through a short (22 cm), wide (4 mm i.d.) gas line did not affect headspace methane percentage or estimates of GP. It is concluded that in vitro methane production can be accurately estimated by using the Ankom GP system together with collection of vented gases into gas collection bags, but only if the Ankom GP system is connected to the gas collection bag via a short, wide gas line.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 390-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80387902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variability in supplement intake affects performance of beef steers grazing dormant tallgrass prairie 补给品摄入量的变化会影响在休眠高草草原放牧的肉牛的生产性能

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2017-01720

G.D. Williams, M.R. Beck PAS , L.R. Thompson, G.W. Horn PAS, R.R. Reuter PAS

{"title":"Variability in supplement intake affects performance of beef steers grazing dormant tallgrass prairie","authors":"G.D. Williams, M.R. Beck PAS , L.R. Thompson, G.W. Horn PAS, R.R. Reuter PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2017-01720","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2017-01720","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of the variability associated with different supplementation methods (hand-fed vs. self-fed) on supplement intake and performance of beef steers grazing dormant tallgrass prairie. Angus × Hereford steers (n = 40; BW = 243 ± 23 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 supplementation methods: control (no supplement; n = 8), hand-fed (HF; n = 16), or self-fed (SF; n = 16). The supplement was 80% soybean meal and 20% soybean hulls (NEg = 1.18 Mcal/kg, CP = 43.9%; DM basis). In HF, individual steers received 0.39, 0.78, 1.17, or 1.56 kg per day, in 3 feedings per week in stanchions (supplement only; no added NaCl). The SF steers received supplement via an electronic self-feeder that recorded individual intake but with NaCl added to achieve mean intake of approximately 1.0 kg/d of the base supplement. The overall mean intake of base supplement in SF ranged from 0 to 1.21 kg per steer per day. In SF, the CV for 56-d intake across animals was 51%, whereas the CV for intake across day within animal was 72%. Steers were weighed weekly; ADG and supplement efficiency [(ADG − ADG of controls)/supplement intake] were regressed on supplement intake and supplementation method, but no interaction was detected (P > 0.32). To investigate the effect of variability directly, supplement efficiency residual of supplement intake was regressed on CV of weekly supplement intake. This approach indicated that increased variability in supplement intake was detrimental to efficiency (P ≤ 0.02).</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 364-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2017-01720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87160335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Whole cottonseed supplementation improves performance and reduces methane emission intensity of grazing beef steers1 补充全棉籽可提高放牧肉牛生产性能，降低甲烷排放强度1

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2018-01722

M.R. Beck PAS , L.R. Thompson , J.E. White , G.D. Williams , S.E. Place , C.A. Moffet , S.A. Gunter PAS , R.R. Reuter PAS

{"title":"Whole cottonseed supplementation improves performance and reduces methane emission intensity of grazing beef steers1","authors":"M.R. Beck PAS , L.R. Thompson , J.E. White , G.D. Williams , S.E. Place , C.A. Moffet , S.A. Gunter PAS , R.R. Reuter PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01722","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01722","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of level of whole cottonseed (WCS) supplementation on ADG and enteric CH4 emissions of steers grazing tallgrass prairie in the summer. Steers (n = 18; initial BW = 316 ± 23 kg) were trained for 3 wk to use a portable, automated head-chamber system (GreenFeed; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD). Steers were then offered from 0 to 2.9 kg/d (as fed) WCS in individual feeders for 43 d. Body weight was measured weekly before feeding. Total fat concentration of the diet (supplement + forage) at the greatest supplement intake was estimated to be 8.3% of DM. Body weight gain increased linearly as supplement intake increased (P = 0.01). Because of inadequate use of the automated head-chamber system by steers at the 0-kg WCS level, this level was excluded from further analysis. In supplemented steers, there was a tendency (P = 0.1) for a quadratic relationship between CH4 emissions (g/animal per d) and supplement intake, with minimum CH4 at 2.0 kg of supplement (WCS + bait) per day. Emission intensity (g of CH4/kg of BW gain) also responded quadratically (P < 0.004) and was minimized at approximately 2.2 kg of supplement intake per day. The results of this experiment suggest that if WCS supplementation is used to mitigate CH4 emission intensity in stocker cattle grazing tallgrass prairie in the early summer, a dose near 2 kg/d is suggested.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87094042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Management characteristics of beef cattle production in the eastern United States 美国东部肉牛生产的管理特点

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2018-01728

Senorpe Asem-Hiablie , C. Alan Rotz , Robert Stout , Sara Place

{"title":"Management characteristics of beef cattle production in the eastern United States","authors":"Senorpe Asem-Hiablie , C. Alan Rotz , Robert Stout , Sara Place","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01728","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01728","url":null,"abstract":"<div>As part of the United States Beef Sustainability Program, a nationwide characterization of regional beef production practices was conducted. Data on cattle production practices were gathered through voluntary surveys and on-site visits in the Northeast and Southeast, the last of 7 cattle-producing regions studied. Participating farms and ranches (n = 817) represented 1.2 and 1.0% of beef cows in the Northeast and Southeast, respectively. Responses from finishing operations (n = 55) represented 4 and 23% of cattle fed in the Northeast and Southeast, respectively. Herd sizes reported were larger in the Southeast than in the Northeast; however, stocking rates were similar. Cow-to-bull ratios were slightly greater in the Southeast, and the proportions of replacement heifers were comparable in both regions. Supplemental feed production and indoor housing were more prevalent in the Northeast compared with the warmer Southeast, where longer grazing periods were possible. Fewer feedlots were reported in the Southeast, with most being backgrounding facilities. Finishing on grass was more common in the east than in other regions. Feed intake estimated by survey respondents was comparable across regions, but relatively more silage was fed in the Northeast, whereas hay was dominant in the Southeast. Cropland producing cattle feed received most of the manure in both regions, although 25% was composted and sold in the Northeast. Labor, equipment, and energy use information was also gathered from the various operation types. The data collected help guide the development of representative production systems used in the life cycle assessment of beef.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 311-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91143997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Investigating ruminant digestive characteristics of finishing beef steers fed sorghum wet distillers grains treated with calcium hydroxide1 饲喂氢氧化钙处理高粱湿酒糟的育肥牛反刍动物消化特性研究1

The Professional Animal Scientist Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.15232/pas.2018-01754

W.W. Gentry , C.P. Weiss , F.T. McCollum III PAS , B.E. Meyer , N.A. Cole PAS , J.S. Jennings PAS

{"title":"Investigating ruminant digestive characteristics of finishing beef steers fed sorghum wet distillers grains treated with calcium hydroxide1","authors":"W.W. Gentry , C.P. Weiss , F.T. McCollum III PAS , B.E. Meyer , N.A. Cole PAS , J.S. Jennings PAS","doi":"10.15232/pas.2018-01754","DOIUrl":"10.15232/pas.2018-01754","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Alkali treatment has been used to increase the digestibility of low-quality, fibrous crop residues. However, alkali treatment of the fiber fraction in distillers grains has only briefly been explored. Six ruminally cannulated steers (444 ± 4.0 kg of BW) were used to evaluate the effects of treating sorghum wet distillers grains plus solubles (SWDGS) with calcium hydroxide (CH) in finishing diets. Treatment diets were based on steam-flaked corn and included (1) 30% corn wet distillers grains plus solubles (CDG), (2) 30% SWDGS (SDG), or (3) 30% SWDGS treated with 2.27% CH (SDG-CH). Data were analyzed as a replicated Latin square with 3 dietary treatments and 3 periods using the MIXED procedure of SAS with animal within square as the experimental unit. No differences (P = 0.47) in DMI were observed. Steers consuming CDG had the greatest (P < 0.01) total ruminal VFA concentration, followed by SDG-CH, with SDG having the least. Steers consuming SDG had the greatest (P < 0.01) ruminal pH, followed by SDG-CH and then by CDG. Steers consuming SDG had the greatest (P < 0.01) ruminal acetate:propionate ratio, followed by SDG-CH, with CDG having the least. Steers consuming SDG-CH tended (P = 0.07) to have a greater apparent total-tract digestibility of NDF. No differences (P ≥ 0.15) were observed in apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, OM, ADF, starch, or N. Treating SWDGS with CH increased the digestibility of fiber compared with untreated SWDGS in finishing diets.</div>","PeriodicalId":22841,"journal":{"name":"The Professional Animal Scientist","volume":"34 4","pages":"Pages 372-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.15232/pas.2018-01754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82515365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1