The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association最新文献

{"title":"The impact of education through nurse-led telephone follow-up (telenursing) on the quality of life of COVID-19 patients.","authors":"Rasoul Raesi,&nbsp;Zahra Abbasi Shaye,&nbsp;Sam Saghari,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Sheikh Beig Goharrizi,&nbsp;Mehdi Raei,&nbsp;Kiavash Hushmandi","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00093-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00093-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widespread prevalence of COVID-19 has disrupted the social life, physical function, and daily activities of patients, leading to reduced quality of their lives. Because of the nature of this disease and its comprehensive impact on patients' lives, a follow-up based on the conditions of these patients is necessary. This study was conducted to determine the impact of nurse education and telephone follow-up (telenursing) on the quality of life of COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study included 120 COVID-19 patients discharged from 22nd-Bahman Hospital in Khaf city and was conducted over 6 months from July 20, 2020, to December 20, 2020. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned into two matching groups. The training was delivered through telenursing based on the quality of life criteria for 1 month in the intervention group. The controls did not receive any intervention. Both groups completed the 36-item SF health survey before and 1 month after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups were not significantly different regarding the quality of life mean scores at baseline (p = 0.61). However, after the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of the total life quality score was significantly different between the control and intervention groups (63.62 ± 3.93 versus 72.62 ± 3.51, p <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Telenursing improves the life quality of COVID-19 patients. Through appropriate policies, health managers may put on the agenda the implementation of telenursing for COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8574947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39599964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of pregnant women with SARS-COV2 pneumonia: a real-life study from Egypt.","authors":"Samy Zaky,&nbsp;Hossam Hosny,&nbsp;Gehan Elassal,&nbsp;Noha Asem,&nbsp;Amin Abdel Baki,&nbsp;Ehab Kamal,&nbsp;Akram Abdelbary,&nbsp;Ahmad Said,&nbsp;Hamdy Ibrahim,&nbsp;Khaled Taema,&nbsp;Wagdy Amin,&nbsp;Sherief Abd-Elsalam,&nbsp;Shaimaa Soliman,&nbsp;Hend Salah Abdelmenam,&nbsp;Ahmed S Mohamed,&nbsp;Mohamed Elnady,&nbsp;Mohamed Hassany,&nbsp;Hala Zaid","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00092-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00092-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knowledge about the outcome of COVID-19 on pregnant women is so important. The published literature on the outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 is confusing. The aim of this study was to report our clinical experience about the effect of COVID-19 on pregnant women and to determine whether it was associated with increased mortality or an increase in the need for mechanical ventilation in this special category of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cohort study from some isolation hospitals of the Ministry of Health and Population, in eleven governorates, Egypt. The clinical data from the first 64 pregnant women with COVID-19 whose care was managed at some of the Egyptian hospitals from 14 March to 14 June 2020 as well as 114 non-pregnant women with COVID-19 was reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups did not show any significant difference regarding the main outcomes of the disease. Two cases in each group needed mechanical ventilation (p 0.617). Three cases (4.7%) died among the pregnant women and two (1.8%) died among the non-pregnant women (p 0.352).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main clinical outcomes of COVID-19 were not different between pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19. Based on our findings, pregnancy did not exacerbate the course or mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8567119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39590745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and psychometric properties of a questionnaire to evaluate sustainable waste separation behavior and environmental health promotion.","authors":"Mahnaz Solhi,&nbsp;Esmat Heydari,&nbsp;Leila Janani,&nbsp;Mahdi Farzadkia","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00090-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00090-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessment of benefits and barriers of waste separation at source is necessary to identify the effective factors in this field. This study aims at designing and validation of a questionnaire assessing the barriers and benefits of waste separation at source from the viewpoint of women based on the community-based social marketing model in Genaveh Township, Bushehr, Iran METHODS: In phase 1, a literature review and focus group discussion were conducted to identify the barriers and benefits of waste separation at the source and to design the items and questionnaires. In phase 2, a psychometric evaluation was performed, including face validity, content validity, structural validity, and reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSS and R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 56 initial items, seven items with the content validity ratio less than 0.56 were removed, and one with the content validity index less than 0.79 was reviewed. Content validity ratio of the questionnaire was 0.782 and content validity index 0.957. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the five and seven-factor models showed good fit. Considering the possible existence of some items in several factors, confirmatory factor analysis was used in the next step. Finally, two items were removed and two others were displaced. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed by internal consistency (α = 0.92) and its stability by the test-retest (ICC = 0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The valid and reliable 48-item questionnaire is a suitable instrument for assessing the barriers and benefits of waste separation at source from the viewpoint of women based on the community-based social marketing model in Genaveh Township, Bushehr.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8548451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39558819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia carriers among relatives of beta thalassemia patients in Nile Delta region, Egypt: a multicenter study.","authors":"Mohamed R El-Shanshory,&nbsp;Laila M Sherief,&nbsp;Hoda M Hassab,&nbsp;Seham M Ragab,&nbsp;Sohier Yahia,&nbsp;Ahmed K Mansour,&nbsp;Adel S Ahmed,&nbsp;Said H Abdou,&nbsp;Amal M Helmy,&nbsp;Mona M Watany,&nbsp;Ahmed M Gad ALllah,&nbsp;Myriam A Guindy,&nbsp;Zeinab I Mourad,&nbsp;Mohamed A Soliman,&nbsp;Reham M El-Farahaty,&nbsp;Faeza El-Dahtory,&nbsp;Ahmad Darwish,&nbsp;Suzy Abd Elmabood,&nbsp;Ibrahim A Kabbash,&nbsp;Shimaa M Saied","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00088-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00088-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Screening of β thalassemia among close relatives is more feasible in highly prevalent countries with limited resources. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of β thalassemia carriers and iron deficiency anemia among relatives of β thalassemia patients in Mid Delta, Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional multi-center study conducted on 2118 relatives of patients with β thalassemia from different Egyptian governorates in the Mid Delta region. They were subjected to history taking with precise determination of geographic location, general examination, and the following investigations: complete blood counts, serum ferritin for those who showed microcytic hypochromic anemia, and high-performance liquid chromatography for those who were not diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among close relatives of confirmed β thalassemia patients in the Nile Delta region was 17.19%. The highest prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (45.05%) was reported in Al-Gharbia Governorate, followed by Al-Menoufia Governorate (21.67%), and the lowest prevalence was that of Al-Sharkia Governorate (4.91%). The differences were highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). β thalassemia carrier prevalence rate in the studied relatives was 35.84%, with the highest prevalence detected in Al-Sharkia Governorate (51.32%), followed by Kafr-Alsheikh and Al-Dakahilia Governorates (41.78%, 37.13%) respectively, while Al-Menoufia Governorate had the lowest prevalence rate (25.00%). These differences were also highly statistically significant (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More than one-third of relatives of patients with β thalassemia are carriers of the disease, while 17.19% suffer from iron deficiency anemia. This study demonstrates the importance of tracing the high number of beta thalassemia carriers among relatives of patients with β thalassemia in Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8505559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19: an opportunity to re-evaluate the implementation of a One Health approach to tackling emerging infections in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries.","authors":"Olaniyi Ayobami,&nbsp;Godwin Mark,&nbsp;Zaharat Kadri-Alabi,&nbsp;Chioma Rita Achi,&nbsp;Joy Chinwendu Jacob","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00085-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00085-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One Health (OH) has resurfaced in the light of the ravaging COVID-19 pandemic. It has been accepted by many local and global health authorities as a suitable approach for preventing and responding to infectious disease outbreaks including pandemics.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>One Health (OH) is a multisectoral and interdisciplinary framework for managing the animal, human, and ecosystem determinants of health. Globally, the majority of emerging infections in humans including SARS-Cov2-the causative agent of COVID-19-are transmitted from animals through environmental contacts in the last few decades. Yet, even when the biological and social interactions at the human, animal, and environmental interface that drive spillover of zoonotic diseases have been proven, OH strategies to address associated complex health challenges today are still rudimentary in many national health systems. Despite the disproportionate burden of infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, OH is minimally incorporated into routine disease control and national health security programs. Challenges include poor policy support for OH in sub-Saharan Africa, and where some form of policy framework does exist, there are significant implementation bottlenecks. In this paper, we identified ideological, technical, operational, and economic barriers to OH implementation in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, and highlighted possible recommendations across these domains. In order to yield sustainable benefits, a relevant OH policy approach in the sub-Saharan African health systems must derive from a buy-in of the critical mass of stakeholders in the society.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of sustainable OH approaches as a countermeasure to recurring emerging infections is a developmental priority for sub-Saharan African countries. A deep understanding of the local context must be leveraged to develop integrative OH solutions that are bold, rooted in science, and proven to be compatible with the level of development in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8378104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39341530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 clinical and laboratory diagnosis overview.","authors":"Rania A Zayed,&nbsp;Dalia Omran,&nbsp;Abeer A Zayed","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00087-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00087-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and rapidly spread worldwide, being declared global pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. Since its emergence, COVID-19 has raised global concerns associated with drastic measures that were never adopted in any previous outbreak, to contain the situation as early as possible.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>The 2019 novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) or SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. 2019-nCoV genetic sequence was rapidly identified within few days since the first reported cases and RT-PCR kits became available for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, RT-PCR diagnosis carries a risk of false-negative results; therefore, additional serologic tests are needed. In this review, we summarize the clinical scenario that raises suspicion of COVID-19 and available laboratory diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most important approach in the battle against COVID-19 is rapid diagnosis of suspicious cases, timely therapeutic intervention and isolation to avoid community spread. Diagnosis depends mainly on PCR testing and serological tests. However, even in the context of negative lab test results and clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection, clinical decision should be based on clinical suspicion.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8371420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39321805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology of diarrheal disease among children under 5 years in Egypt: a high incidence of human bocavirus.","authors":"Neveen M Rizk,&nbsp;Sherif Abd-Elmaksoud,&nbsp;Tarek M Farid,&nbsp;Maha M A Abohashish,&nbsp;Ahmad Z Al-Herrawy,&nbsp;Ibrahim A Hamza","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00084-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00084-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human bocavirus (HBoV) is globally distributed and associated with respiratory and enteric infections. Limited data are available about the incidence of HBoV in Egyptian children. We aimed to investigate the association of HBoV genotypes in children with diarrheal disease and also to determine the possibility of HBoV co-infections with other human enteric pathogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 102 stool samples were collected from children under five years old with diarrhea. Samples were analyzed for the presence of HBoV by real-time PCR. HBoV positive samples were tested for adenovirus (AdV), rotavirus (RoV), parasitic helminths, and enteric protozoa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HBoV was detected in 58% of examined cases. HBoV-3 was the most prevalent genotype observed (44%; 45 of 102), followed by HBoV-2/4 (33%; 34 of 102) and HBoV-1 (30%; 31 of 102). Although the incidence of HBoV was higher in males (66.6%; 34 of 51) than females (49%; 25 of 51), the analysis showed no significant difference for HBoV between genders. The average HBoV concentrations were 5.3 × 10⁴ GC/g in males and 1.03 × 10⁵ GC/g in females. Among the HBoV-positive samples, the single infection of HBoV was 52.5% (31/59), while the co-infections with multiple viruses were found in 1.7% (1/59) for HBoV and AdV, 33.9% (20/59) for HBoV and RoV, and 11.9% (7/59) for HBoV, and RoV and AdV. No co-infection with parasitic helminths or enteric protozoa was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The single infection of HBoV in some children suffering from acute gastroenteritis indicated that HBoV could be the main etiologic agent of the disease. The study highlights the high incidence of HBoVs genotypes with remarkable multiple co-infections in the pre-school children in Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s42506-021-00084-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39280069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditure in rural Egypt: application of the heteroskedastic probit model.","authors":"Suzan Abdel-Rahman,&nbsp;Farouk Shoaeb,&nbsp;Mohamed Naguib Abdel Fattah,&nbsp;Mohamed R Abonazel","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00086-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00086-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure is a pressing issue in Egypt and far exceeds half of Egypt's total health spending, threatening the economic viability, and long-term sustainability of Egyptian households. Targeting households at risk of catastrophic health payments based on their characteristics is an obvious pathway to mitigate the impoverishing impacts of OOP health payments on livelihoods. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors of incurring catastrophic health payments hoping to formulate appropriate policies to protect households against financial catastrophes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data derived from the Egyptian Household Income, Expenditure, and Consumption Survey (HIECS), a multiplicative heteroskedastic probit model is applied to account for heteroskedasticity and avoid biased and inconsistent estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accounting for heteroskedasticity induces notable differences in marginal effects and demonstrates that the impact of some core variables is underestimated and insignificant and in the opposite direction in the homoscedastic probit model. Moreover, our results demonstrate the principal factors besides health status and socioeconomic characteristics responsible for incurring catastrophic health expenditure, such as the use of health services provided by the private sector, which has a dramatic effect on encountering catastrophic health payments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The marked differences between estimates of probit and heteroskedastic probit models emphasize the importance of investigating homoscedasticity assumption to avoid policies based on incorrect evidence. Many policies can be built upon our findings, such as enhancing the role of social health insurances in rural areas, expanding health coverage for poor households and chronically ill household heads, and providing adequate financial coverage for households with a high proportion of elderly, sick members, and females. Also, there is an urgent need to limit OOP health payments absorbed by private sector to achieve an acceptable level of fair financing.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8333171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39272568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missed nursing care, non-nursing tasks, staffing adequacy, and job satisfaction among nurses in a teaching hospital in Egypt.","authors":"Marwa Hammad,&nbsp;Wafaa Guirguis,&nbsp;Rasha Mosallam","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00083-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00083-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Missed nursing care (MNC) has been linked to patient harm in a growing body of literature. However, this issue is still not adequately investigated in developing countries. The aim of the study is to measure the extent of missed nursing care, to identify its types, and to determine factors contributing to missed nursing care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used. The study was conducted among 50 units at 1762-beds teaching Hospital in Alexandria that employs 1211 nurses in inpatient areas. A sample of 553 nurses were interviewed using the MISSCARE and the N4CAST survey. The MISSCARE survey measured the amount of missed nursing care (MNC) that was experienced on the last worked shift by each nurse. The N4CAST survey was used to collect data about level of non-nursing work carried out by nurses and the nurses' job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall mean score for the missed nursing care was 2.26 ± 0.96 out of 5, with highest mean score attributed to \"Planning\" and lowest mean score attributed to \"Assessment and Vital Signs\" (2.64 and 1.96, respectively). Missed nursing care was significantly associated with number of patients admitted and cared for in the last shift and perceived staffing adequacy. Almost all non-nursing care tasks and most of satisfaction elements showed negative weak correlation with overall missed nursing care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Missed Nursing Care is common in study hospital which may endanger patient safety. MNC Missed Nursing Care is positively associated with nursing adequacy. There is no association between MNC and neither nurses' job satisfaction nor non-nursing tasks. Nursing leaders should monitor missed nursing care and the environmental and staffing conditions associated with it in order to design strategies to reduce such phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s42506-021-00083-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39204845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced mosquitocidal efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides by nanometric emulsion preparation towards Culex pipiens larvae with biochemical and molecular docking studies.","authors":"Nehad E M Taktak, Mohamed E I Badawy, Osama M Awad, Nadia E Abou El-Ela, Salwa M Abdallah","doi":"10.1186/s42506-021-00082-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42506-021-00082-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growing threat of vector-borne diseases and environmental pollution with conventional pesticides has led to the search for nanotechnology applications to prepare alternative products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current study, four pyrethroid insecticides include alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and permethrin were incorporated into stable nanoemulsions. The optimization of nanoemulsions is designed based on the active ingredient, solvent, surfactant, sonication time, sonication cycle, and sonication energy by factorial analysis. The nanoscale emulsions' droplet size and morphology were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The toxicity of nanoemulsions against Culex pipiens larvae was evaluated and compared with the technical and commercial formulations. The in vitro assay of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), carboxylesterase (CaE), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were also investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking was examined to assess the binding interactions between the tested pyrethroids and the target enzymes. Also, an ecotoxicological assessment of potential effects of the tested products on the freshwater alga Raphidocelis subcapitata was determined according to OECD and EPA methods. The emulsifible concentration (EC₅₀) and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) values were estimated for each insecticide and graded according to the GHS to determine the risk profile in aquatic life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean droplet diameter and zeta potential of the prepared pyrethroid nanoemulsions were found to be in the range of 72.00-172.00 nm and - 0.539 to - 15.40 mV, respectively. All insecticides' nanoemulsions showed significantly high toxicity (1.5-2-fold) against C. pipiens larvae compared to the technical and EC. The biochemical activity data proved that all products significantly inhibited ATPase. However, GST and CaE were significantly activated. Docking results proved that the pyrethroids exhibited a higher binding affinity with CaE and GST than ATPase. The docking scores ranged from - 4.33 to - 10.01 kcal/mol. Further, the biosafety studies of the nanopesticides in comparison with the active ingredient and commercial EC were carried out against the freshwater alga R. subcapitata and the mosquitocidal concentration of nanopesticides was found to be non-toxic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mosquitocidal efficacy of nano-pyrethroids formulated in a greener approach could become an alternative to using conventional pesticide application in an environmentally friendly manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":22819,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association","volume":"96 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8282878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39186400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}