The Journal of Wildlife Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Wildlife Disease Surveillance Systems.","authors":"R. Franka","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-58.2.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-58.2.469","url":null,"abstract":"Book reviews express the opinions of the individual authors regarding the value of the book's content for Journal of Wildlife Diseases readers. The reviews are subjective assessments and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the editors, nor do they establish any official policy of the Wildlife Disease Association.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"28 1","pages":"469 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90728234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey for Select Pathogens in the Desert Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) in California, USA","authors":"C. Randel, William J Vanherweg","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Following a canine distemper virus (CDV) epizootic in 2011, serum samples of 45 live-trapped desert kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis arsipus) from the Upper Chuckwalla Valley, California, US, were tested for the presence of antibodies against CDV, canine parvovirus (CPV), canine herpes virus (CHV), canine adenovirus (CAV-2), and Toxoplasma gondii. Fecal swabs were tested by PCR for CPV genomic material, and ocular and nasal swabs were assessed for genomic material of CDV, CHV, CAV-2, influenza virus (H3N8), parainfluenza, canine respiratory coronavirus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Fourteen foxes (31.1%) were positive in at least one test, with exposure and/or infection confirmed for CDV (6/45, 13.3%), CPV (4/45, 8.9%), S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (4/45, 8.9%), and T. gondii (2/45, 4.4%). Study results were similar to results reported for kit foxes in other portions of their distribution. Further research with long-term regular testing is needed to understand disease dynamics in kit fox populations better.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"23 1","pages":"631 - 635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78279370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilocus Sequence Typing of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Detected in Dall's Sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) and Caribou (Rangifer tarandus grantii) in Alaska, USA","authors":"C. Lieske, R. Gerlach, Marla M. Francis, K. Beckmen","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In 2018, Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was detected in free-ranging caribou (Rangifer tarandus grantii) and Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in Alaska, US. Evaluation of additional nasal swabs and archived tissues for M. ovipneumoniae suggested that this bacterium was widespread geographically and temporally in populations of both species. Multilocus sequence typing of four loci identified a single, novel, apparently stable strain type of M. ovipneumoniae in 11 Dall's sheep and 15 caribou in multiple populations across Alaska sampled over a period of 15 yr (2004–19). This strain type differs from those detected to date from wild or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) or goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) tested in Alaska or the lower 48 states. Although the population health implications of this strain are unknown, it has not been associated with population-wide mortality events. The presence of this strain does not decrease the potential risk from the introduction of a pathogenic M. ovipneumoniae strain associated with severe disease in other wildlife populations; therefore, continued monitoring for signs of disease and additional strains is important.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"96 1","pages":"625 - 630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75277769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White-Nose Syndrome Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans Detected in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats","authors":"C. Campbell, D. M. Nelson, J. Gates, H. Lisle Gibbs, E. Stevenson, Becky Johnson, Juliet Nagel, Regina Trott, J. Wieringa, H. V. Vander Zanden","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging fungal epizootic disease that has caused large-scale mortality in several species of North American bats. The fungus that causes WNS, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), has also been detected in bat species without diagnostic signs of WNS. Although these species could play a role in WNS spread, understanding of the spatial and temporal extents of Pd occurrence on WNS-resistant species is limited. This study evaluated the presence of Pd on 272 individuals of three species of migratory tree-roosting bats: hoary (Lasiurus cinereus), eastern red (Lasiurus borealis), and silver-haired (Lasionycteris noctivagans) bats, obtained opportunistically during summer and autumn from throughout much of their ranges in North America. We also compared tissue sampling protocols (i.e., tissue swabbing, fur swabbing, and DNA extraction of excised wing tissue). We detected Pd on three eastern red bats from Illinois and Ohio, US, one silver-haired bat from West Virginia, US, and one hoary bat from New York, US, all via DNA extracted from wing tissue of carcasses. These results document the first publicly reported detections of Pd on a hoary bat and on migratory bats during the autumn migratory period, and demonstrate the potential for using carcasses salvaged at wind-energy facilities to monitor for Pd.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"652 - 657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78004074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POPULATIONS AND SITE SELECTION OF DIROFILARIA URSI (NEMATODA: ONCHOCERCIDAE) IN AMERICAN BLACK BEARS (URSUS AMERICANUS)","authors":"E. Addison, M. Pybus","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A total of 4,846 (84.5±87.15, 3–429: mean±SD, range) subadult or adult Dirofilaria ursi were recovered from 56 American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Ontario, 1975–77. Yearling bears had fewer worms than older bears; age classes greater than 2.5 yr had similar numbers of worms. Dead worms comprised 3.7% of all worms. There was one dead worm in total in 10 yearling bears and consistently more dead worms in older bears. The occurrence of worms within local sites in bears differed over time. Increasing numbers of worms appeared first in peritracheal sites (Site 1) following 1–3 seasons of transmission, in abundance in perirenal sites (Site 2) following the second season of transmission, and in lateral and ventral trunk and abdomen plus medio-proximal legs (Site 3) following three and four seasons of transmission. Few worms occupied other sites (Site 4). The proportion of worms recovered from the four sites was 46, 30, 19.8, and 3.9%, respectively. Dead worms comprised only 3.2% of worms in the first three definitive sites but 14% of worms in other sites. These data are consistent with primary, secondary, and tertiary site preferences for mature D. ursi in this species. Circulating microfilaremia in peripheral blood was periodic in 7/10 experiments and revealed a pattern of variable numbers during the day, highest in the evening and lowest during the night. The time of high density of microfilariae in peripheral blood was synchronous with the feeding cycle of Simulium venustum, the vector of D. ursi. Immediately postmortem, microfilariae were at highest densities in blood of lungs regardless of their relative density in peripheral blood. These data can direct diagnostic efforts to maximize detection of adult D. ursi in tissues and larvae in blood samples of naturally infected bears.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"584 - 591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90059677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinctive Gross Presentation in Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Rabies","authors":"A. Weyna, M. Ruder, M. F. Dalton, Charlie S. Bahnson, M. Keel, H. Fenton, Jennifer R. Ballard, N. Nemeth","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is a popular game species in North America and often lives in close proximity to humans and domestic animals. Deer with neurologic signs are of high interest to the general public and wildlife managers because of disease and safety concerns. Our aim was to describe diagnostic findings from free-ranging white-tailed deer diagnosed with rabies from across the eastern US from 2000 to 2021, with emphasis on gross lesions in the skin and soft tissue overlying the skull. We reviewed diagnostic reports of white-tailed deer cases submitted to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study for those diagnosed with rabies from 2000 to 2021. Rabies virus infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry or fluorescent antibody test of brain, or both. Nine adult deer from five states were diagnosed with rabies, including seven (78%) females and two (22%) males. Three (33%) deer were found dead, and six (67%) were humanely dispatched for abnormal behavior. Six deer heads were examined grossly and had lesions, including forehead or periorbital alopecia, cutaneous erythema, abrasions and ulcers, and subcutaneous edema. Histologic examination was performed for eight of nine cases, all of which had intraneuronal eosinophilic inclusion (Negri) bodies in cerebrum, cerebellum, or both. Most (6/8; 75%) had perivascular lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis. Rabies should be considered a differential diagnosis in deer with this pattern of head lesions, suggestive of head rubbing or head pressing.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":"664 - 669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87047905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method Comparison of β-Hydroxybutyrate Using a Point-of-Care Device and Dry Chemistry Analyzer in Three Sea Turtle Species","authors":"Cassidy Soehnlein, Sarah E. Hirsch, Brianna L. Myre, N. Stacy, Samantha Clark, C. Cray, Derek Aoki, Kristina Kaleel, S. Klingshirn, Madison Toonder, Justin R. Perrault","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00197","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The ketone β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) serves as an energy source when bodily energy stores are low. Concentrations of this blood analyte are often determined by spectrophotometric quantitative assays with a dry chemistry analyzer; however, rapid assessment with point-of-care devices have the potential to improve assessment of animals in the field or in clinical settings. We measured BHB concentrations in whole blood samples from 54 leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), 27 loggerhead (Caretta caretta), and 14 green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles in Florida, US with a point-of-care device and validated its use with corresponding plasma samples and dry chemistry analyzer as the gold standard. Concentrations of BHB highly correlated between the two methods for all three species, with loggerheads showing the best agreement and lowest bias. Therefore, the point-of-care device used for this study (Lucidplus β-ketone monitoring system) is probably appropriate for sea turtle BHB measurements.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"670 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86221667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURVEILLANCE FOR AN EMERGENT HOOF DISEASE IN ELK (CERVUS ELAPHUS) IN THE US PACIFIC WEST SUPPLEMENTED BY 16S RRNA GENE AMPLICON SEQUENCING","authors":"M. Wild, K. Taylor, D. Shah, Kylee Garrison, K. Mansfield, Julia D. Burco, Steven N Winter, M. Drew, Sushan Han, R. Bildfell, B. Munk","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A novel hoof disease of elk (Cervus elaphus) was described in southwestern Washington, US, in 2008 and was subsequently diagnosed in an adjacent area in northwestern Oregon in 2014. The disease, currently referred to as treponeme-associated hoof disease (TAHD), is characterized by lesions ranging from mild erosions, to severe ulcers with underrunning of the hoof capsule and heel-sole junction, to overgrown and avulsed hoof capsules. Histologically, lesions exhibit epithelial erosion or ulceration, suppurative inflammation, and the presence of argyrophilic spirochetes. We used data collected by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife from 2008 to 2017 as reference for disease distribution. We then conducted enhanced surveillance in 2018–20 by obtaining 164 submissions from four US Pacific West states. We detected TAHD for the first time in Idaho and northern California, as well as in multiple counties in Washington and Oregon where it had not been previously reported. Given the unexpectedly broad disease distribution, continued surveillance is warranted to determine the full geographic extent of TAHD. From samples of 22 elk, we investigated 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing as a technique that could be used to supplement TAHD surveillance. Operational taxonomic units of the family Spirochaetaceae were identified in 10 of 12 histologically diagnosed TAHD-positive cases and two of 10 TAHD-negative cases. Phyla Spirochaetae (P<0.008), Fusobacteria (P<0.006), and Tenericutes (P<0.01) were overrepresented in samples from TAHD-positive feet when compared with TAHD-negative elk. A unique spirochete, PT19, was detected in hooves of 11 elk and from at least one elk in each state. Results support the use of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing as a reliable and informative tool to supplement investigations into distribution and etiology of this presumed polybacterial disease.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":"487 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85075523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Nalbuphine, Medetomidine, and Azaperone for Immobilizing Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia)","authors":"Logan F. Thomas, Chase M. Nunez, Robert O. Dittmar, R. Rech, Jack J. Richison, W. Lance, W. Cook","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of nalbuphine (40 mg/mL), plus medetomidine (10 mg/mL), plus azaperone (10 mg/mL) under the premixed label NalMed-A. From January to March 2020, 10 aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) were immobilized via dart-gun for seven separate sampling periods for a total of 45 recorded individual immobilization events. Induction and reversal times with NalMed-A were 5.53±2.61 min and (following atipamezole administration) 5.08±2.43 min while previous studies with alpha-2 agonist–ketamine combinations gave median and average induction times of 4.6 min and 11.2 min using medetomidine-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine, respectively. Overall, NalMed-A adequately immobilized aoudad, with 13% incidence of hyperthermia and 2.22% mortality when delivered via dart.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":"636 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90715818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxocara cati and Toxoplasma gondii in French Birds of Prey","authors":"G. Karadjian, Lisa Laboutière, A. Chevillot, Anthony Voisinot, A. Blaizot, Marie-Pierre Puech, D. Aubert, V. Risco-Castillo, R. Blaga, I. Vallée","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-21-00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Parasites have developed many strategies to ensure their development, multiplication, and dissemination, including the use of reservoir hosts that are often nondomesticated species. Despite drastic reductions in their populations, wild birds remain widespread worldwide and could constitute some of these reservoirs. We focused on the identification of wild bird species harboring parasite stages in their muscles. Breast muscles of 327 birds of 27 different species were collected at three different sites in France. After artificial digestion, isolated nematode larvae were identified by PCR sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Toxocara cati was identified mainly in birds of prey. The presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was investigated by modified agglutination test on muscle fluids. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 65 out of 166 samples from various bird species. Avifauna, particularly birds of prey, could help on the surveillance of parasite circulation and play a role as sentinel species.","PeriodicalId":22805,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":"2012 1","pages":"373 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86363904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}