Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock最新文献

Development of Torrefaction Technology for Solid Fuel Using Renewable Biomass 可再生生物质固体燃料焙烧技术的研究进展

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76100

L. D. Pestaño, W. I. Jose

{"title":"Development of Torrefaction Technology for Solid Fuel Using Renewable Biomass","authors":"L. D. Pestaño, W. I. Jose","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76100","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuel sources such as coal, crude oil and natural gas would eventually get exhausted and their price continuously fluctuates. During the past four decades, many researches have tried to find alternate fuel resources to satisfy the worldwide increasing energy demand as well as to minimize dependence on fossil fuels. Among many possible alter nate fuel sources, agriculture biomass residues exhibit most promising possibility due to their inherent characteristics in storing solar energy and amenability in subsequent con version into convenient solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Torrefaction is a thermal method for the conversion of biomass operating in temperature range of 200–300°C under atmo spheric conditions in the absence of oxygen. Agricultural crop residues that are abun - dant in the Philippines such as coconut leaves, cogongrass and rice husk were utilized to produce solid fuel by torrefaction for use as alternative source of energy. The key tor - refaction products were collected and analyzed. Combustion characteristics of both torre fied and untorrefied biomass were investigated. Torrefaction of the biomass significantly improved the heating value, proximate compositions also improved and were compa rable to coal and combustion characteristics were superior making it more suitable for fuel applications. The design of the torrefaction process was researched and developed.","PeriodicalId":227902,"journal":{"name":"Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116988104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biomass Gasification: An Overview of Technological Barriers and Socio-Environmental Impact 生物质气化:技术壁垒和社会环境影响综述

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74191

Xiang Luo, Tao Wu, Kaiqi Shi, Mingxuan Song, Yusen Rao

{"title":"Biomass Gasification: An Overview of Technological Barriers and Socio-Environmental Impact","authors":"Xiang Luo, Tao Wu, Kaiqi Shi, Mingxuan Song, Yusen Rao","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74191","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass gasification has been regarded as a promising technology to utilize bioenergy sustainably. However, further exploitation of biomass gasification still needs to over come a significant number of technological and logistic challenges. In this chapter, the current development status of biomass gasification, especially for the activities in China, has been presented. The biomass characters and the challenges associated with biomass collection and transportation are covered and it is believed that biomass gasification coupled with distributed power generation will be more competitive in some small com - munities with large amount of local biomass materials. The technical part of biomass gasification is detailed by introducing different types of gasifiers as well as investigating the minimization methods of tar, which have become more and more important. In fact, applying biomass gasification also needs to deal with other socio-environmental barriers, such as health concerns, environmental issues and public fears. However, an objective financial return can actually accelerate the commercialization of biomass gasification for power and heat generation, and in the meantime, it will also contribute to other technical breakthroughs.","PeriodicalId":227902,"journal":{"name":"Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129164319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste 都市固体废物的气化

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73685

Y. Seo, Tanvir Alam, Won-Seok Yang

引用次数: 40

Pyrolysis and Gasification Characteristics of High Ash Indian and Turkish Coals 高灰分印度煤和土耳其煤的热解气化特性

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73536

J. Kandasamy, I. Gökalp

{"title":"Pyrolysis and Gasification Characteristics of High Ash Indian and Turkish Coals","authors":"J. Kandasamy, I. Gökalp","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73536","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrolysis and gasification studies of Indian and Turkish high ash coal samples have been performed using coupled TGA-MS method. Coal samples were heated in the TGA apparatus in an argon, steam, CO 2 and blended mixtures of CO2 and steam in a temperature range from 25-1250°C with heating rates from 35 to 1000 K/min. Gas evolution measurements is performed using the mass spectrometry system. During the devolatilisation stage (350-700°C), the maximum mass loss has observed in which O 2 , CO 2 , CO, H 2 and small amount of hydrocarbon compounds are released. Char gasification is mainly influenced by operating conditions such as heating rate and reaction temperature and also the char production method, its physical structure and size and chemical composition of the char. The steam and CO 2 gasification rates of the chars are carried out at the temperatures of 850, 900, 950, and 1000°C. Three kinetic models are applied to describe the char conversion rates: volumetric model, grain model, and random pore model. The activation energy of Indian coal-char is varying from 122 to 177 kJ mol -1 under steam gasification and from 130 to 214 kJ mol -1 for CO 2 gasification. The activation energy for char-steam gasification is 156-173 kJ/ mol, whereas in the steam blended with CO 2 gasification, it ranges between 162 and 196 kJ/ mol for 3 mm particles. Similar trends are observed for the Arrhenius constant values for both sized particles. and","PeriodicalId":227902,"journal":{"name":"Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126149476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Efficiency of Plasma Gasification Technologies for Hazardous Waste Treatment 等离子体气化技术处理危险废物的效率研究

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74485

V. Zhovtyansky, V. Valinčius

引用次数: 12

Innovative Microreactors for Low-grade Feedstock Gasification 用于低品位原料气化的创新微反应器

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74602

Said Samih, S. Farag, J. Chaouki

{"title":"Innovative Microreactors for Low-grade Feedstock Gasification","authors":"Said Samih, S. Farag, J. Chaouki","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74602","url":null,"abstract":"The first fluidized bed thermogravimetric analyzer (FBTGA) has been developed. The proof of concept of the FBTGA has been carried out on the thermal decomposition of calcium hydroxide. The kinetics and modeling of coal pyrolysis and gasification were investigated in the FBTGA. The obtained activation energies for the individual gases that are produced from coal pyrolysis are 19 to 21% lower than those found for similar coals in the literature. This decrease in the activation energies is explained by a temperature gradient of 185 to 209°C. For the CO shift reaction, the resulting activation energy is 46.6 kcal/ mol, increasing by 20% from the one used in the literature. The second reactor presented in this work is a TGA powered by electromagnetic irradiation. As an application for this reactor, a novel kinetic model based on a dual attempt to predict not only the yield but also the composition of bio-oil is presented. The validation of the developed models demonstrated an excellent capability of predicting the yield and quality of the produced oil. The third reactor is a saddle reactor, which consists of two V-shaped pairs of arms and minimizes the impact of the heat and mass transfer limitation on chemical reactions.","PeriodicalId":227902,"journal":{"name":"Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133372095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Current Developments in Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals 生物质热化学转化为燃料和化学品的最新进展

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71464

C. S. Park, P. Roy, S. H. Kim

引用次数: 25

Experimental Observation on Downdraft Gasification for Different Biomass Feedstocks 不同生物质原料下气流气化的实验观察

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77119

E. Madadian

{"title":"Experimental Observation on Downdraft Gasification for Different Biomass Feedstocks","authors":"E. Madadian","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77119","url":null,"abstract":"With the need for developing a more sustainable world, there is a desire to shift from fossil fuels to biofuels, produced using the concept of biorefineries. Within the last few decades, thermochemical conversion technologies have gained a great deal of attention for producing advanced biofuels. In this context, this chapter elaborates different aspects of biomass gasification technology, as a representative of thermochemical pathways, and suggested potential solutions to enhance the efficacy of the process. To fulfill this goal, different types of biomass feedstock are employed to examine the potential of each in bioenergy production through gasification process. The chapter is consisting of a series of dependent studies to investigate the path for advancements in the gasification process. The first study investigates the parametric effect of experimental conditions during gas ification of individual biomass feedstocks to select the best biomass feedstock for next study. It is also demonstrated that how the variation in the syngas composition inter acts with H 2 /CO ratio. The other study investigates the potential of composite feedstocks based on the results from the first study. The last study investigates the potential failure scenarios and the likelihood of their occurrence are explored.","PeriodicalId":227902,"journal":{"name":"Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock","volume":"727 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132042632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Analysis on High Temperature Gasification for Conversion of RDF into Bio-Methanol RDF转化为生物甲醇的高温气化分析

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-07-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74218

A. Salladini, E. Agostini, A. Borgogna, L. Spadacini, M. Annesini, G. Iaquaniello

{"title":"Analysis on High Temperature Gasification for Conversion of RDF into Bio-Methanol","authors":"A. Salladini, E. Agostini, A. Borgogna, L. Spadacini, M. Annesini, G. Iaquaniello","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74218","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the residue materials considered as a potential source for biofuel production in the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED), which estab-lishes that a minimum of 10% biofuels for transport shall be used in every Member State by 2020, thus promoting advanced biofuel from waste. A high-temperature gasification technology transforms MSW into a syngas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide and free of tar, char and harmful compounds like dioxins appearing as a promising root for methanol production. The overall process including MSW high-temperature gasification, syngas purification and conditioning up to methanol synthesis has been modeled with Aspen Plus analyzing the influence of waste composition and operating conditions on syngas composition and methanol yield. The evaluation of CAPEX and OPEX has been carried out to obtain a cost of production (COP) estimation. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission has also been estimated and compared with the conventional waste incineration process and methanol production. The technology assessment shows interesting results technically and economically, when compared with waste to energy processes: over 50% of incoming carbon is fixed into methanol molecule, and due to the negative cost paid for RDF disposal, the bio-methanol COP provides a reasonable industrial margin.","PeriodicalId":227902,"journal":{"name":"Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116952399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of Lignocellulosic Waste Gasification 木质纤维素废弃物气化的热力学和动力学研究

Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73288

R. Rodríguez, G. Mazza, Marcelo Echegaray, AnabelFernandez, Daniela Zalazar García

{"title":"Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of Lignocellulosic Waste Gasification","authors":"R. Rodríguez, G. Mazza, Marcelo Echegaray, AnabelFernandez, Daniela Zalazar García","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73288","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the kinetic behavior during the steam gasification of sawdust, plum, and olive pits was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis where the weight loss is measured with the temperature variation at different heating rates (5, 10, and 15 K/min). The weight loss and their derivative curves show that the gasification takes place in three visible stages. The kinetic study was carried out using Coats-Redfern methods. The Ginstling-Brounstein model showed better fit. The obtained activation energy values vary between 70 and 100 kJ/ mol for the pyrolysis stage for all studied agro-industrial wastes. On the other hand, a thermodynamic model was proposed to predict the five waste gasification processes, considering the char and tar production. The proposed model allows it to perform a parametric study, analyzing the process variables ’ effect on the exergetic efficiency. The higher temperatures favor the endothermic reactions as the H 2 and CO formation reactions. Therefore, in the product, moles of H 2 and CO increase and consequently the exergy efficiency of the process. Increasing the equivalence ratio value, H 2 , CO, and CH 4 contents decrease; thus the calorific value of the produced gas and the exergetic efficiency decrease. In addition, the CO 2 and H 2 O presences in the syngas composition diminish its calorific value and the exergetic efficiency. Considering the influence of supply steam/biomass ratio, the exergetic efficiency decreases with the growth of this parameter.","PeriodicalId":227902,"journal":{"name":"Gasification for Low-grade Feedstock","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123869161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3