Sprawy Narodowościowe最新文献

{"title":"Cywilizacyjna tożsamość Bułgarów: tradycyjne i współczesne dylematy","authors":"Valentin Mihaylov","doi":"10.11649/sn.2010.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.005","url":null,"abstract":"The Civilisational Identity of the Bulgarians: Traditional and Contemporary DilemmasThe article deals with the civilisational identity of the Bulgarian people, and the place of the Bulgarians on the civilisation map of Europe. The main problem here is the nature of their civilisational identity: they do not have precise geographical coordinates – they are the result of subjective human perception. In addition, the issue of civilisational identity is a matter of political propaganda.From their historical traditions, the Bulgarians inherited several macro cultural elements, (Proto-)Bulgarian, Slavic, Orthodox, Balkan and European. Considered separately, each of them can form the base required to construct a framework of contemporary Bulgarian identity and its cultural relationship with other nations in Europe. Some of these elements constitute strong spiritual foci around which their own cultural and civilisational circles are formed. On this basis, the Bulgarian nation enters into various spatial and cultural-historical configurations. Among them, there is a hierarchy, which in today’s open society primarily depends on the values and self-determination of each person. On the other hand, the interwoven cultural elements on the Bulgarian territory enable some researchers to talk about transitional identity structures – Bulgarian-Slavic, Slavic-Orthodox, Balkan-Slavic, Balkan-European and others.The author also investigates the geopolitical concept of the “civilisational choice”, which is supposed to determine the place of Bulgaria and the Bulgarians in Europe and in the world: is it in the West Euro-Atlantic sphere or in Eurasia?","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116790469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Krzyż w szkole publicznej w orzecznictwie europejskim","authors":"Jacek Falski","doi":"10.11649/sn.2010.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.029","url":null,"abstract":"The Crucifix in the Public School Classroom in European Court RulingsLautsi v. Italy was an important court case that was brought before the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The subsequent ruling on 3 November 2009 noted that the display of religious symbols (i.e. the crucifix in Italian public school classrooms) is contrary to Article 2 of the 1st Protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights. This decision, which went against Italy, is in line with other judgments in similar cases, and seems to be promoting the European public school as a place of confessional neutrality, where the goal is to cultivate secular values of a democratic society in pupils.The European Court of Human Rights thus clearly supports the idea and principles of secularism and the impartiality of the state. However, the ruling did not impose any obligation to undertake adequate legal solutions or verify the existing law, leaving each member state a level of freedom to make opinions and final decisions on their own. The Lautsi v. Italy judgment had an indirect influence on the entire public service sphere, of which the public school is just one link of a chain. Yet Italy filed an appeal and the case was referred to the Court’s Grand Chamber. Its hearing is to be held on 30 June 2010. The legal ramifications of this ruling therefore remain an important debate in Europe.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131222683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akcja przesiedleńczo-osiedleńcza w województwie lubelskim (maj–październik 1947 roku)","authors":"Grzegorz Pawlikowski","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.014","url":null,"abstract":"The Resettlement and Settlement Action in the Province of Lublin (May–October 1947)The resettlement and settlement action is one of the least known and explored aspects of Operation Vistula, which took place in 1947. Polish Army troops were made responsible for the reset­tlement of the Ukrainians inhabiting southern Poland. In the course of the Operation, between May and October 1947, about 9,684 families (33,946 people) were forced to leave the province of Lublin to be settled in northern and western Poland. They left behind 8,871 farms. Only 30% of them were later settled by new Polish settlers, while the rest was used as industrial-scale plough land and for forestry.The forces of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Ukrainian Nationalist Organization tried to prevent both the resettlement action and the subsequent Polish settlement, but were unsuccessful. This action changed the ethnic, linguistic, religious and cultural face of the Lublin region. The author presents in detail both the numerical data and the course of these events.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124047755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“National Cultural Elements” and Advertising the International Tourism in the Soviet Tourist Agencies During the Brezhnev Era, 1964–1984","authors":"S. Zhuk","doi":"10.11649/sn.2010.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.001","url":null,"abstract":"“National Cultural Elements” and Advertising the International Tourism in the Soviet Tourist Agencies During the Brezhnev Era, 1964–1984Using the archival documents and personal interviews as historical sources, this essay analyzes the ideological problems of advertising international tourism in the main travel agencies of the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev era, 1964–1984. These agencies, Inturist, a Tourist Department of the Soviet Trade Unions and a Communist Youth League’s organization Sputnik, encountered problems with advertising from the very beginning of their history. In the 1960s and 70s they created special departments responsible for propaganda and advertising or advertising and mass media in Inturist. On the one hand, these tourist agencies had to provide interesting information to attract more Soviet and foreign tourists and more financial sources. On the other hand, the most attractive elements in advertising Soviet tourism were various national elements of different Soviet nationalities, including their costumes, music and handicrafts. As a result, such efforts exposed the limits of Soviet cultural homogenization project during the stage of developed socialism. In practice, this led to serious problems for the representatives of the Soviet tourist agencies in foreign countries. The most dangerous problem was nationalism.The essay explores how the problems of national identity were tied to advertising Soviet Union travel to foreign tourists as a new strategy of the Soviet tourist agencies during late socialism before perestroika. Despite strict KGB and ideological regulations, new “national” forms of advertising such as folk music survived after 1984 and contributed to expansion of tourism, which brought increased profits and influence to the leaders of the local tourist agencies. „Elementy kultury narodowej” a reklama turystyki zagranicznej w radzieckich biurach podróży w epoce Breżniewa, 1964–1984W oparciu o dokumenty archiwalne i wywiady osobiste jako materiały do badań historycznych autor artykułu analizuje zagadnienia ideologii reklamowania turystyki zagranicznej przez czołowe radzieckie biura podróży za czasów Leonida Breżniewa, tj. w latach 1964–1984. Owe biura podróży, Inturist, Wydział Turystyki Związków Zawodowych ZSSR oraz organizacja Ligi Młodzieży Komunistycznej „Sputnik” od samego początku swej działalności napotykały trudności w reklamowaniu swoich usług. W latach sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych XX wieku powstały specjalne wydziały odpowiedzialne za propagandę i reklamę bądź, jak w Inturiście, za reklamę i środki masowego przekazu. Z jednej strony biura podróży zobligowane były do podawania interesujących informacji, aby zwrócić uwagę większej liczby turystów krajowych i zagranicznych, jak też zwiększyć wpływy finansowe z turystyki. Z drugiej strony te najatrakcyjniejsze elementy w materiałach reklamujących podróże do ZSRR to były rozmaite elementy kultury poszczególnych narodowości zamieszkujących ZSRR, takie ","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129026379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jeden naród – jeden język? Ruch English-Only w kontekście wcześniejszych prób uregulowania statusu języka angielskiego w Stanach Zjednoczonych","authors":"Anna Kaganiec-Kamieńska","doi":"10.11649/sn.2010.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.025","url":null,"abstract":"One Nation – One Language? The English-Only Movement in the United StatesSpeaking English is perceived as essential to American identity. The English language does not, however, have an official status in the United States. As a consequence of the change in the racial and ethnic composition of the US population, in particular the growth of the Hispanic/Latino minority, since the 1980s the country has witnessed the birth and growth of the English-Only movement. The aim of the movement is to give English an official status. Even though no federal regulations have yet been passed, Official English measures have been adopted by many American states.This article presents the English-Only movement within the context of earlier attempts to restrict the use of foreign languages in the US. It also briefly discusses some of the federal, state and local regulations.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"149 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134126885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neopogański wymiar współczesnej rosyjskiej filozofii: cielesność kontra racjonalność","authors":"Irina Michiejewa","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.003","url":null,"abstract":"The Neo-Pagan Dimension of Modern Russian Philosophy: Corporality vs RationalityThe article analyses the essence of and reasons for the “neo-pagan turn” of Russian culture and philosophy of the 19th–21st centuries to the theme of “corporality”, which is presented in a wide range of approaches, from Russian Romanticism to modern Russian projects of “new metaphysics” and “progressive archaism”. The author exemplifies the actualization of the corporality theme as the renaissance of neo-paganism in philosophical discourse with phenomena of the Silver Age, Russian philosophy of the first part of the 20th century (represented by V. Rozanov’s, N. Berdyaev’s and L. Shestov’s concepts), Soviet natural philosophy prose of the 1960s–1980s (Ch. Aitmatov, V. Rasputin, V. Astafayev), and modern Russian political philosophy (the National-Bolshevik project led by Aleksandr Dugin). It is concluded that neo-paganism is an invariant cultural phenomenon, an attempt to solve problems of modern society and modern man. Therefore, it functions as a new ideological strategy, new philosophy and new religion.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128828587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Międzynarodowe seminarium „Wizerunek imigrantów a integracja”","authors":"Ewa Pogorzała","doi":"10.11649/sn.2010.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.014","url":null,"abstract":"Conference report: International seminar “Wizerunek imigrantów a integracja” [The Image of Immigrants and Integration], Warsaw, 25 September 2009Sprawozdanie: Międzynarodowe seminarium „Wizerunek imigrantów a integracja”, Warszawa, 25 września 2009","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122956480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wykluczenie etniczne w Polsce","authors":"Michał Głuszkowski","doi":"10.11649/sn.2010.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.017","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnic Exclusion in PolandReview of: Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania, Sławomir Łodziński (eds.), Obszary i formy wykluczenia etnicznego w Polsce: Mniejszości narodowe, imigranci, uchodźcy [Realms and Forms of Ethnic Exclusion in Poland: National Minorities, Immigrants, Refugees], Warszawa: Scholar 2009. Wykluczenie etniczne w PolsceRecenzja: Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania, Sławomir Łodziński (red.), Obszary i formy wykluczenia etnicznego w Polsce: Mniejszości narodowe, imigranci, uchodźcy, Warszawa: Scholar 2009.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"476 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115998200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefinicja „indiańskości” przez ruch Nowej Ery","authors":"Anna Chomczyk","doi":"10.11649/sn.2011.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.013","url":null,"abstract":"Redefinition of Indianness by the New Age MovementThe term New Age movement defines a heterogeneous, non-religious Western spiritual movement that emerged in the second part of the 20th century. It combines Euro-American spiritual heritage, widely understood Eastern philosophy, numerous native traditions, infusing this hybrid with elements of psychology, healthy lifestyle, as well as quantum physics. Because New Age spirituality is practiced occasionally at commercially held workshops, those kinds of seminars have soon become a lucrative business for educators and coordinators involved.The objective of the article is to follow the general history of New Age in the context of Native Americans, provide its characteristics, and investigate the “Native American” threads within the New Age movement both in the United States and in Poland. The author focuses on the ethical aspects of commercial exploitation of Native American heritage, examines Native Americans’ stand on misappropriation of their spiritual legacy for commercial purposes, as well as actions they take in order to restrict this practice.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130828674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Przemiany narodowościowe w Kraju Kłajpedzkim w XX wieku","authors":"P. Eberhardt","doi":"10.11649/sn.2010.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.023","url":null,"abstract":"Population Transformations in the Klaipeda Region in the 20th CenturyThe Klaipeda Region is now an integral part of Lithuania. This was not, however, always the case; the region has a strong German history. (Its historical German name was Memelland, while in Lithuanian it was called Klaipedos Krastas.) Until 1525, the Klaipeda Region belonged to the Teutonic Order, but later changed hands several times. Initially, it belonged to the Duchy of Prussia (until 1701; and until 1657 was dependent as a fief of Poland), was later controlled by the Kingdom of Prussia (until 1871), and then finally became part of the German Empire (until 1919). For Germans, the province was a historical part of Eastern Prussia until 1945. For Lithuanians, the Klaipeda Region, as well as the area located along the north-eastern part of East Prussia on the south bank of the Neman River, was known as Little Lithuania (Lithuania Minor). The Lithuanians considered this territory to be their own ethnic land, which was wrongfully subjected to gradual Germanization. Before World War II this area was inhabited by Protestants who spoke Lithuanian or German. The 1920 census lists the territory’s population at 150,700, of which 71,000 declared German to be their first language, while 67,000 declared Lithuanian.The article first discusses the historical and political background of events in the Klaipeda Region in the first half of the 20th century. Next the author analyzes in a dynamic approach the demographic and ethnic structure of the population. His attention is later focused on the period of World War II when the province was incorporated into the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. In the Soviet period, a major part of the local population was expelled to Germany, while the remaining residents were identified as either Lithuanians or Russians such that the province was no longer dominated by the Protestant and German speaking population. The final part of the article deals with the present demographic and ethnic situation. As a result of the postwar political and economic migrations, a majority of the people in the province now identify themselves as Lithuanian and Catholic. Lithuania, owing to the port of Klaipeda, has now an unrestricted access to sea.","PeriodicalId":227603,"journal":{"name":"Sprawy Narodowościowe","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114503403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}