N. Heckman, Jean-François Lalonde, N. Vandapel, M. Hebert
{"title":"Potential negative obstacle detection by occlusion labeling","authors":"N. Heckman, Jean-François Lalonde, N. Vandapel, M. Hebert","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4398970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4398970","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an approach for potential negative obstacle detection, based on missing data interpretation that extends traditional techniques driven by data only, which capture the occupancy of the scene. The approach is decomposed into three steps: three-dimensional (3D) data accumulation and low level classification, 3D occluder propagation, and context-based occlusion labeling. The approach is validated using logged laser data collected in various outdoor natural terrains and also demonstrated live on-board the Demo-III experimental unmanned vehicle (XUV).","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131640303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshinao Sodeyama, T. Yoshikai, Tamaki Nishino, I. Mizuuchi, M. Inaba
{"title":"The designs and motions of a shoulder structure with a wide range of movement using bladebone-collarbone structures","authors":"Yoshinao Sodeyama, T. Yoshikai, Tamaki Nishino, I. Mizuuchi, M. Inaba","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4399241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399241","url":null,"abstract":"We are trying to develop an innovative humanoid which learns from the structure of a human shoulder, especially the bladebone and collarbone. We consider that the bladebone-collarbone structures have the following merits, l)wide range of movement, 2)having the shoulder structure built on to the outside of the chest, allowing space for a lot of parts inside the chest, 3) flexible shoulder like humans. In contrast, it is difficult to control the shoulder structure because it have multiple degrees of freedom and extraordinary physical constraints. An aim of our research is to create a repeatable motion generation system of the bladebone-collarbone structures for real musculo-skeletal humanoid robots. In this paper, we describe the design process of the bladebone-collarbone structures for a muscle-driven humanoid robot, and the simulation system considering geometrical constraints of the structures. Then, we show a motion experiment using the shoulder structures of the humanoid, based on the simulation system we presented.","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131177514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, construction, and analysis of a continuum robot","authors":"Srinivas Neppalli, Bryan A. Jones","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4399275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399275","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel approach in the design, construction and analysis of a continuum robot. The paper examines the drawbacks of two existing designs and proposes a new mechanical design that uses a single latex rubber tube as the central member, providing a design that is both simple and robust. Next, a new, simplified method of modeling kinematics is introduced. A novel verification procedure is then applied to examine the validity of the proposed model in two different domains of applicability and could be used to verify many other models that are constructed based on similar assumptions. Finally, a two-level electrical control scheme enables rapid prototyping.","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"289 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133033456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ribnick, S. Atev, N. Papanikolopoulos, O. Masoud, R. Voyles
{"title":"Detection of thrown objects in indoor and outdoor scenes","authors":"E. Ribnick, S. Atev, N. Papanikolopoulos, O. Masoud, R. Voyles","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4398962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4398962","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel technique for the detection of thrown objects and other free-flying bodies in video sequences. Our method runs in real-time and was designed to be used as a component in a deployed surveillance system. We detect regions of interesting motion that fit certain size, compactness and speed criteria, and use the expectation maximization algorithm to detect objects on parabolic trajectories over a short time window. The system was shown to successfully detect thrown objects of various sizes in a large test set of indoor and outdoor videos.","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132336002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A scheduling and routing algorithm for digital microfluidic ring layouts with bus-phase addressing","authors":"Megha Gupta, Srinivas Akella","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4399593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399593","url":null,"abstract":"Digital microfluidic systems (DMFS) are a new class of lab-on-a-chip systems for biochemical analysis. A DMFS uses electro wetting to manipulate discrete droplets on a planar array of electrodes. The chemical analysis is performed by repeatedly moving, mixing, and splitting droplets on the electrodes. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in developing algorithms and computational tools for the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of DMFS. In this paper, we present an algorithm for coordinating droplet movement in batch mode operations on ring layouts with bus-phase addressing. In bus- phase systems, each electrode is not individually addressable, instead a set of electrodes are all controlled by the same signal. Though this hardware design simplifies chip fabrication, it increases the complexity of routing droplets. The presented algorithm allows multiple independent reactions, each with two reactants and one product, and chain reactions with multiple stages, where each stage produces reactants for the next stage, to take place simultaneously on the chip. This algorithm is scalable to different number of reactions within a limit which depends on the size of the layout, placement of sources and number of phases used. It also addresses any sensor constraints under which droplets need to visit sensor locations for specified amounts of time. We present simulation results using our algorithm to coordinate droplet movements for example analyses on a ring layout.","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"225 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132443580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing image and camera trajectories in robot vision control using on-line boosting","authors":"A. Hafez, E. Cervera, C. V. Jawahar","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4399283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399283","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel boosted robot vision control algorithm. The method utilizes on-line boosting to produce a strong vision-based robot control starting from two weak algorithms. The notion of weak and strong algorithms has been presented in the context of robot vision control, in presence of uncertainty in the measurement process. Appropriate probabilistic error functions are defined for the weak algorithm to evaluate their suitability in the task. An on-line boosting algorithm is employed to derive a final strong algorithm starting from two weak algorithms. This strong one has superior performance both in image and Cartesian spaces. Experiments justify this claim.","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132657498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Yamanaka, K. Matsumiya, K. Masamune, T. Dohi, H. Yamashita, T. Chiba, H. Liao
{"title":"Balloon-based manipulator with multiple linkages for intrauterine surgery","authors":"N. Yamanaka, K. Matsumiya, K. Masamune, T. Dohi, H. Yamashita, T. Chiba, H. Liao","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4399620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399620","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a manipulator for controlling position and posture of fetus in uterus and a surgical procedure for supporting the fetus in intrauterine surgery. The manipulator is equipped with multiple linkages and a balloon to support the fetus softly in the uterus. The linkages with two bending mechanisms are designed for inserting the balloon to an optimal position under the fetus. The balloon is fold before the operation and inflated by saline water after arriving at the required position in the uterus. Accuracy evaluation showed that the standard deviations of the bending angle of the wire-driven mechanism and the linkages-driven mechanism were 1.0 degree and 2.5 degree, respectively. Force experiment showed that the balloon-type stabilizer could generate load-bearing power of 500 gf. Furthermore, the manipulator could be well controlled with guidance of ultrasound images. The manipulator could minimize injure to the fetus since the area contacted with the fetus by the balloon could be well controlled.","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132661179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redundancy optimization of hyper redundant robots based on movability and assistability","authors":"D. Matsuura, N. Iwatsuki, M. Okada","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4399613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399613","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new method to utilize redundancy of hyper redundant robots. In order to use redundancy effectively, the contribution of all actuators for the achievement of the target motions and capability for unpredictable target motions in the future should be considered. From this point of view, two evaluation indices, the movability index of each joint and the assistability index for the target motions are proposed. These indices are formulated with the angle and amplitude distribution of the column vectors of Jacobian matrices of each joint, including the end-effector. Then joint input to optimize these indices simultaneously are derived based on the improved gradient projection method. Motion control simulations and experiments with a planar 10R serial manipulator revealed the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115586444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pongpunwattana, Benjamin I. Triplett, K. Morgansen
{"title":"Target tracking control with limited communication and steering dynamics","authors":"A. Pongpunwattana, Benjamin I. Triplett, K. Morgansen","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4399124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399124","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study which extends previous work on collective motion control of a group of vehicles for target tracking. The approach is to drive the group centroid to follow a moving target while keeping all vehicles near the centroid. The provided analysis shows that the system is stable. However, the tracking performance is sensitive to imperfect communication and steering dynamics. Simulation results show the performance degrades significantly when delays and steering dynamics are present. An analysis is provided to identify a major cause of the performance degradation. An alternative control law is proposed in the paper. Comparisons of the simulation results show the improved performance of the new control law.","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid behavior learning in multi-agent environment based on state value estimation of others","authors":"Yasutake Takahashi, Kentarou Noma, M. Asada","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2007.4399294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2007.4399294","url":null,"abstract":"The existing reinforcement learning approaches have been suffering from the curse of dimension problem when they are applied to multiagent dynamic environments. One of the typical examples is a case of RoboCup competitions since other agents and their behaviors easily cause state and action space explosion. This paper presents a method of modular learning in a multiagent environment by which the learning agent can acquire cooperative behaviors with its team mates and competitive ones against its opponents. The key ideas to resolve the issue are as follows. First, a two-layer hierarchical system with multi learning modules is adopted to reduce the size of the sensor and action spaces. The state space of the top layer consists of the state values from the lower level, and the macro actions are used to reduce the size of the physical action space. Second, the state of the other to what extent it is close to its own goal is estimated by observation and used as a state value in the top layer state space to realize the cooperative/competitive behaviors. The method is applied to 4 (defense team) on 5 (offense team) game task, and the learning agent successfully acquired the teamwork plays (pass and shoot) within much shorter learning time (30 times quicker than the earlier work).","PeriodicalId":227148,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"434 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124406403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}