The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India最新文献

{"title":"Etiological Spectrum of Hyponatremia in Tuberculous Meningitis: Insights from Referral Institute in Northern India.","authors":"Neeraj Singla, Meiherishankar Nc, Kusum Sharma, Manish Modi, Sadhna Sharma, Navneet Sharma, Manoj Kumar Goyal","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59556/japi.74.1659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) causes death or severe disability in 50% of afflicted patients. Among the various complications, such as hydrocephalus, hyponatremia, cranial nerve palsies, seizures, and myeloradiculopathy, hyponatremia occurs more frequently, affecting 35-65% of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with TBM and its correlation with the clinical profile, severity of illness, and outcome.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In suspected TBM patients with low sodium levels, serum and urine osmolality were measured by an osmometer [Advanced Instruments, Inc. (2020)] to evaluate the possible causes. Patients underwent brain imaging to look for hydrocephalus, vasculitic infarcts, and basal exudates. They were followed up with serum sodium levels until the completion of treatment and repeat brain imaging during follow-up to assess radiological recovery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 suspected TBM patients with a mean age of 32.6 years and predominantly female (57%) were included. The most common symptoms were fever, headache, altered sensorium, and seizures. The VI cranial nerve was most frequently involved. A total of 31% of patients presented in stage III, with a significant association with mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Hyponatremia was seen in 57% of patients. The GeneXpert Ultra-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for tuberculosis was positive in 41% of patients. Basal exudates (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and tuberculomas (<i>p</i> = 0.004) on brain imaging had a significant association with mortality. On follow-up, 41% of patients had improvement, 35% expired, and 10% had a static condition. Repeat sodium levels along with brain imaging were assessed (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high prevalence of hyponatremia in TBM patients, as seen in 57% of patients, which occurred most frequently due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), followed by cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS), and was related to the severity of TBM.</p>","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reappraisal of Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar Adalimumab with Innovator Adalimumab in Ankylosing Spondylitis.","authors":"Nitin Chintaman Gawari, Tanvi Naik, Sujata Prakash Shingare, Yasir Hassan","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59556/japi.74.1565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Acid Suppression in Acid Peptic Disorders: The Emerging Role of Prazans.","authors":"Mahesh Goenka, Uday C Ghoshal, Devesh Yadav, Hariharan Muthuswamy, Manas Kumar Panigrahi, Manish Kak, Mohan Vg, Nitesh Pratap, Parimal Lawate, Piyush Ranjan, Rajesh Puri, Ravindra Bs, Ravishankar B, Sandip Pal, Sushant Kumar Sethi, Vikas Singla, Vasu Praveen Chander Kanuru","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59556/japi.74.1676","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract: &lt;/strong&gt;Acid peptic disorders (APDs) affect approximately 38% of the population in India and commonly present with overlapping phenotypes, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dyspepsia, and peptic ulcer disease (PUD), necessitating uniform and sustained acid suppression. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have several clinical limitations, including a delayed onset of action of 3-5 days, incomplete 24-hour acid control with nocturnal acid breakthrough, high nonresponse rates of approximately 40% in GERD and 37% in nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), and variability related to cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) metabolism, meal dependency, and drug interactions. Collectively, these limitations contribute to inconsistent real-world efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Potassium-competitive acid blockers: &lt;/strong&gt;Mechanistic and pharmacodynamic superiority: Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) directly and reversibly inhibit the H+/K+-ATPase without requiring acid activation, thereby enabling a rapid onset of action from the first dose. Inhibition of both active and inactive proton pumps provides continuous and sustained acid suppression. P-CABs offer true 24-hour intragastric pH control, including nocturnal control, with a higher parietal-cell concentration of approximately 100,000-fold compared with approximately 1,000-fold for PPIs. Their meal-independent administration, low CYP-related variability, and minimal potential for drug interactions allow a more predictable response across patient populations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tegoprazan: &lt;/strong&gt;Rapid onset, nocturnal control, and comorbidity advantages-Tegoprazan may be considered in the following clinical settings: symptomatic GERD and on-demand treatment of GERD/NERD, because its rapid onset of action within approximately 30 minutes may facilitate early symptom relief and flexible dosing; nocturnal acid breakthrough, because it provides nocturnal pH control, with an intragastric pH of ≥4 maintained for approximately 66% of the night; patients at cardiovascular risk receiving antiplatelet therapy, dual antiplatelet therapy, or atorvastatin, because its lower interaction potential involving CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 may reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and treatment failure related to dyslipidemia; and patients with renal or metabolic comorbidities, because it has shown favorable renal safety signals and a lower decline in serum creatinine levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vonoprazan: &lt;/strong&gt;Potency, high acid burden, and eradication efficacy-Vonoprazan may be preferred in the following situations: refractory GERD after PPI failure, because its potent and sustained acid suppression may overcome an inadequate response to PPIs; severe GERD and other high-acid-burden states, because it provides consistent and prolonged intragastric pH elevation; &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; eradication, because it may serve as a preferred treatment backbone, with reported eradication rates of approximately 92","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"6-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Obesity through a Public Health Lens.","authors":"Payel Roy, Sayantan Ray, Binod Kumar Patro","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1620","DOIUrl":"10.59556/japi.74.1620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Obesity is a complex and chronic public health challenge that reflects deep-rooted social, economic, and environmental determinants rather than solely individual choices. Its global prevalence has risen sharply over recent decades, affecting more than one in eight people worldwide, with a growing burden in low- and middle-income countries. This paper explores obesity as a complex and growing public health challenge that extends beyond individual behavior. It highlights the social, economic, and environmental factors driving the epidemic, with a focus on the Indian context where undernutrition and overnutrition coexist. Recent research, population data, and policy reports were reviewed to analyze current trends, determinants, and the limitations of traditional measures such as the body mass index (BMI). Particular attention was given to South Asian populations, who are prone to obesity-related diseases at lower BMI thresholds. Global obesity rates have risen sharply, now affecting more than one in eight people, with a marked increase in low- and middle-income countries. In India, urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and the easy availability of ultraprocessed foods have accelerated the problem across all age groups. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened the situation through reduced physical activity, stress, and food-system disruptions. Conventional BMI measures underestimate true metabolic risk in South Asians, underscoring the need for more nuanced diagnostic approaches. Obesity adds significantly to the burden of noncommunicable diseases and demands multisectoral action through healthier food policies, physical activity promotion, and early prevention. Integrating these strategies into health systems is vital to reduce its long-term impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Dual HER2 Blockade with TCHP in Early and Locally Advanced HER2-Enriched Breast Cancer: Experience from a South Indian Tertiary Oncology Center.","authors":"Sanjana Reddy Potu, Vishesh Gumdal, Deepak Koppaka, Hema Sireesha Natti, Ramya M, Rudra Sanjeev Rudra, Rajeena Moulasa Jaffer","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1624","DOIUrl":"10.59556/japi.74.1624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HER2-enriched breast carcinomas are biologically aggressive but highly responsive to targeted therapy. Data on the real-world effectiveness of neoadjuvant docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (TCHP) from Indian oncology practices remain sparse.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess pathological complete response (pCR), treatment-related toxicities (CTCAE v5.0), and survival outcomes among patients with nonmetastatic HER2-positive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant TCHP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A bidirectional observational analysis was conducted on 55 patients with HER2-positive nonmetastatic breast carcinoma who were treated at a tertiary oncology center. Patients received neoadjuvant TCHP followed by definitive surgery. Clinical response, radiological response, pCR, treatment compliance, toxicity, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Statistical associations with pCR were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the patients was 47 years. Stage III disease was the most common (70.9%). Hormone receptor negativity was observed in 56% of the patients. Clinical complete response was achieved in 85% of the patients, whereas radiological complete remission occurred in 58%. A pCR was documented in 60% of the cohort. A significant correlation with pCR was observed for clinical response (<i>p</i> < 0.001), radiological response (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and uninterrupted treatment completion within 18 weeks (<i>p</i> = 0.013). Hormone receptor expression and baseline stage did not significantly influence pCR rates. Diarrhea and neutropenia were the predominant toxicities, whereas clinically relevant cardiotoxicity was not encountered. At a median follow-up of 29 months, the estimated 3-year DFS and OS were 95% and 97.2%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neoadjuvant TCHP demonstrated substantial pathological response rates, acceptable tolerability, and encouraging survival outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer. Adherence to the planned treatment timeline significantly influenced therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy vs Effectiveness: What Truly Matters to the Practicing Clinician?","authors":"Abhijit Anil Trailokya","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59556/japi.74.1642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"87-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlations with Body Mass Index, Neck Circumference, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk among Adults in Kolkata, West Bengal.","authors":"Shambo Samrat Samajdar, Partha Sarathi Datta, Shatavisa Mukherjee, Nandini Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy Pal, Shashank R Joshi","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59556/japi.74.1628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder with the key feature of hyperglycemia, constitutes a significant global health threat due to the rising number of cases worldwide. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its connection with body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk among the adults of Kolkata, West Bengal.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The study included 1,016 adults between the ages of 41-70 years, with anthropometric measurements and fasting blood glucose levels recorded. The diabetes prevalence was 12.98% in males and 13.01% in females, which was highest in the age group of 51-60 years. A significant association was observed between BMI and diabetes, as higher prevalence rates were witnessed among overweight and obese individuals as opposed to those with normal or underweight BMIs. Moreover, neck circumference was positively correlated with the prevalence of diabetes. The larger the neck circumference, the higher the risk of diabetes. Besides, the prevalence of diabetes in high-risk subjects for OSA was higher than in low- and intermediate-risk participants, indicating a remarkable association between the risk for OSA and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>These findings draw attention to the need for public health interventions for the prevention and management of obesity, monitoring neck circumference, and addressing OSA in order to reduce the burden of diabetes in urban areas in India. Screening and intervention campaigns aimed at different age groups at high risk should focus on early detection and treatment of patients. The study overall helps in the understanding of the epidemiology in urban India, and such comprehensive approaches in diabetes management are also emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Catheter Removal in Amebic Liver Abscess: A Simplified Protocol for Faster Recovery.","authors":"Abhinav Agarwal, Dipleshdeep Goyal, Naresh Kumar Mangalhara, Kamlesh Kumar Sharma, Sudhir Maharshi, Rupesh Kumar Pokharna","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1667","DOIUrl":"10.59556/japi.74.1667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) is widely used in the management of large amebic liver abscesses (ALA). However, considerable variation exists in catheter removal practices, and concerns regarding residual cavities often result in prolonged catheterization and hospital stay. This study assessed whether an early catheter removal strategy could improve clinical outcomes without increasing complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, 40 adult patients with uncomplicated ALA requiring percutaneous drainage were enrolled. Catheter removal was attempted after 72 hours in patients demonstrating sustained clinical improvement, defined by resolution of fever and abdominal pain, declining leukocyte counts, and at least a 50% reduction in abscess cavity volume on ultrasonography. Patients were followed clinically and with serial ultrasound examinations to assess outcomes and the behavior of residual cavities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population was predominantly male (90%), with 62.5% having abscesses larger than 10 cm and 75% involving the right hepatic lobe. Early catheter removal was successfully achieved in 36 patients (90%) without procedure-related complications or mortality. The median duration of catheterization and hospital stay was 3 days each. Residual cavities were frequently observed on follow-up imaging (87.5% at 2 weeks and 82.5% at 1 month) but showed progressive reduction in size over time, decreasing from a mean of 6.5 ± 3.3 cm at discharge to 3.0 ± 1.7 cm at 1 month. Clinical recovery was rapid, with median resolution times of 2 days for fever and 3 days for abdominal pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early removal of percutaneous catheters in patients with uncomplicated amebic liver abscess is safe and effective, significantly reducing catheter duration and length of hospitalization without increasing adverse outcomes. Although residual cavities are common, they regress gradually and do not justify prolonged catheter retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology and Left Ventricular Function in Right Bundle Branch Block: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Rajeev Bhardwaj, Rajesh Nandal, Subeg Singh, Pramod Rawat, Jaskiran Kaur","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1625","DOIUrl":"10.59556/japi.74.1625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of study: </strong>Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a common ECG finding. It may be caused by coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive lung disease, or degenerative disease of the conduction system of the heart. The purpose of the study was to find out the etiology and left ventricular function in patients with RBBB coming to a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All consecutive patients coming to our hospital on an outdoor or inpatient basis with ECG showing RBBB were studied. Detailed history and physical examination were done. All patients were subjected to echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>201 patients with RBBB were studied. Mean age was 61.01 ± 12.92 years. 157 were male (78.11%), and 44 (21.89%) were female. The most Common symptom was dyspnea in 81 patients (40.29%) and chest pain in 15 patients(7.46%). Four patients presented with syncope and were proved to have intermittent complete heart block. 95 persons (47.26%) with RBBB had no symptoms, 43 out of which had come for clearance for noncardiac surgery. On echocardiography, left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 32 patients (15.92%), regional wall motion abnormality in 45 patients (22.38%), and left ventricular global hypokinesia in 13 patients (6.46%). LV systolic dysfunction was present in 43 patients (21.39%), and 85 (42.28%) patients had a normal study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most common presentation in patients was dyspnea. About half of the patients were asymptomatic. Around 20% were detected to have RBBB when they came for clearance for noncardiac surgery. Common causes were coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cor pulmonale.</p>","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"36-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidemia in ICU and Non-ICU Settings: Species Distribution and Antifungal Resistance Patterns from a Tertiary Care Center in India with Reference to ICMR AMR 2024.","authors":"Praveetha C, Rithvika Vetrivel","doi":"10.59556/japi.74.1629","DOIUrl":"10.59556/japi.74.1629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candidemia is a major cause of invasive fungal bloodstream infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. An increase in bloodstream infections caused by nonalbicans <i>Candida</i> species is concerning because it has different epidemiological characteristics and antifungal susceptibility compared to <i>C. albicans</i>. Resistance to antifungal agents, particularly azoles, complicates treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective hospital-based observational study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, from January 2025 to December 2025. Blood samples were collected and loaded into the BACT/ALERT automated system for microbial detection. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) were performed using the VITEK 2 automated system. CLSI M60 guidelines were used for interpreting the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Candida</i> species were isolated in 68/1207 (5.6%) positive blood cultures; 38/68 (55.9%) from ICU and 30/68 (44.1%) from non-ICU settings. Males (27/38, 71.1%) predominated in ICU, whereas females (18/30, 60%) predominated in non-ICU. The most commonly isolated species in the non-ICU setting was <i>C. auris</i> (11/30, 36.7%), whereas in the ICU setting it was <i>C. tropicalis</i> (13/38, 34.2%). <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i> showed 100% susceptibility, whereas <i>C. auris</i> demonstrated high resistance to azoles with variable resistance to echinocandins. Diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor in both settings. Mortality was higher in ICU patients (9/38, 23.7%) than non-ICU patients (5/30, 16.7%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.47).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Candidemia remains a significant source of bloodstream infections with a notable trend toward nonalbicans species and emerging antifungal resistance. Continuous surveillance and appropriate infection control practices are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":22693,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","volume":"74 8","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}