The Journal of Automatic Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Success is not necessarily automatic.","authors":"A B Selkirk","doi":"10.1155/S1463924698000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924698000157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are a number of factors (planning, process optimization, organizational structure, people development and the need to see the total picture) that must be in place for automation to be as effective as possible. This paper discusses these factors and their relationship with automation. It evaluates less obvious areas associated with automation, as well as the more established ones, and discusses the premise that it is the integration of all these aspects that truly offers the biggest opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924698000157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automation of a spectrophotometric method for measuring L -carnitine in human blood serum.","authors":"A Galan,&nbsp;A Padros,&nbsp;M Arambarri,&nbsp;S Martin","doi":"10.1155/S1463924698000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924698000042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A spectrometric method for the determination of L-carnitine has been developed based on the reaction of the 5,5' dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB) and adapted to a Technicon RA-2000 automatic analyser Química Farmacéutica Bayer, S.A.). The detection limit of the method is 13.2 mumol/l, with a measurement interval ranging from 30 to 320 mumoll1. Imprecision and accuracy are good even at levels close to the detection limit (coeffcient of variation of 5.4% for within-run imprecision for a concentration of 35 mumol/l). A good correlation was observed between the method studied and the radiometric method. The method evaluated has suffcient analytical sensitivity to diagnose carnitine deficiencies. The short time period required for sample processing (30 samples in 40min), the simple methodology and apparatus, the ease of personnel training and the low cost of the reagents make this method a good alternative to the classical radiometric method for evaluating serum L-carnitine in clinical laboratories without radioactive installations.</p>","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924698000042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An automated system for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide in industrial applications.","authors":"P Westbroek,&nbsp;E Temmerman,&nbsp;P Kiekens,&nbsp;F Govaert","doi":"10.1155/S1463924698000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924698000236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An automated sensor system for the continuous and in-line measurement of hydrogen peroxide in industrial applications is described. The hydrogen peroxide concentration can be measured over the entire pH range, over a wide concentration range of hydrogen peroxide (10(-3) 70 g/l), from 0 to 70( degrees )C, and with high precision and accuracy (errors less than 1% ). The system consists of a bypass in which the necessary electrodes are positioned and electronically controlled. The sensor is very selective for hydrogen peroxide, easy to instal, and it is stable for at least two months after calibration. The calibration can be done in the process solution during a running process.</p>","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924698000236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open focused microwave-assisted sample preparation for rapid total and mercury species determination in environmental solid samples.","authors":"C M Tseng,&nbsp;H Garraud,&nbsp;D Amouroux,&nbsp;O F Donard,&nbsp;A de Diego","doi":"10.1155/S1463924698000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924698000145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes rapid, simple microwave-assisted leaching/ digestion procedures for total and mercury species determination in sediment samples and biomaterials. An open focused microwave system allowed the sample preparation time to be dramatically reduced to only 24 min when a power of 40-80 W was applied. Quantitative leaching of methylmercury from sediments by HNO(3) solution and complete dissolution of biomaterials by an alkaline solution, such as 25% TMAH solution, were obtained. Methylmercury compounds were kept intact without decomposition or losses by evaporation. Quantitative recoveries of total mercury were achieved with a two-step microwave attack using a combination of HNO(3) and H(2)0(2) solutions as extractant. The whole pretreatment procedure only takes 15 min, which can be further shortened by an automated robust operation with an open focused system. These analytical procedures were validated by the analysis of environmental certified reference materials. The results confirm that the open focused microwave technique is a promising tool for solid sample preparation in analytical and environmental chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924698000145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory automation -some perspectives on the challenges in the implementation of the technology in pharmaceutical development.","authors":"N North,&nbsp;S Smith","doi":"10.1155/S1463924698000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924698000169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intensifying pressure on reducing the development time for new pharmaceutical products is resulting in an increasing need for laboratory automation. A key element for the successful implementation of robotics for drug product analysis is the establishment of a reliable process for interaction of the automation team with its various customers, for example development product team and manufacturing group. The reduction of cycle time for product development appears to be resulting in more stability studies to support NDA/MAA filings for several reasons. Key clinical information may not be available before initiation of the stability studies and simultaneous world-wide development may result in an increase in the number of product strength and pack options.</p>","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924698000169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of manganese, zinc and cobalt by kernel partial least-squares method.","authors":"L Gao,&nbsp;S Ren","doi":"10.1155/S1463924698000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924698000224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Mn, Zn and Co was studied by two methods, classical partial least-squares (PLS) and kernel partial least-squares (KPLS), with 2-(5-bromo-2- pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminephenol (5-Br-PADAP) and cetyl pyridinium bromide (CPB). Two programs, SPGRPLS and SPGRKPLS, were designed to perform the calculations. Eight error functions were calculated for deducing the number of factors. Data reductions were performed using principle component analysis. The KPLS method was applied for the rapid determination from a data matrix with many wavelengths and fewer numbers of samples. The relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP) for all components with KPLS and PLS methods were the same (0.0247). Experimental results showed both methods to be successful even where there was severe overlap of spectra.</p>","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924698000224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting Reports","authors":"K. Bieback, A. Chary, J. Wiest","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2017.1280359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2017.1280359","url":null,"abstract":"ALTEX 38(1), 2021 163 Sciences, which he initiated. He encouraged scientists to use the database and contribute their own formulations and experience with alternative media. Subsequently, a human-based supplement medium was presented, which consists of human platelet lysates (hPL) obtained from expired blood donations. Dr Karen Bieback, professor at the University of Heidelberg and head of the stem cell quality control lab at the German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Institute Mannheim, highlighted the advantages of this medium for use in stem cell cultures. The regulatory perspective was reflected by Dr Sandra Coecke from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission (JRC, EURL-ECVAM). She talked about the advantages of chemically-defined media and explained her work on the Guidance Document on Good In Vitro Method Practices (GIVIMP), a key tool for ensuring reproducible study data generation omitting ill-defined animal-derived ingredients like FBS. Two practical applications for cell cultures in FBS-free media were presented next. Dr Aline Chary from the Luxembourg Institute for Science and Technology (LIST) used the alveolar epithelial type II A549 cell line as an example to explore how to transition cells to FBS-free media. She works towards the goal of complete replacement of animal-derived components for cell culture of A549 cells, which are commonly used in respiratory toxicology testing. Dr Joachim Wiest (CEO of cellasys GmbH) presented the cellasys #8 assay, a protocol to investigate the interaction between cell culture medium and cellular models by means of extracellular acidification rate (EAR) measurement and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). Using this assay, the suitability of FBSfree media for cell cultures can be assessed within 24 h. A wide variety of topics were discussed during the panel discussion, including positive and negative experiences with FBSfree media, proprietary media formulations, and comparisons between the costs of FBS and alternative media. It was emphasized that even though alternatives to FBS might still be more costly, supposedly lower prices for a medium supplement that is ethically questionable, unregulated, and undefined can have far greater negative financial effects on research work due to potential scientific inaccuracies and lack of reproducibility. A controversial topic was the state of the fetus during blood extraction. If blood is collected from a living fetus in the last third of its development, it should be regarded as a procedure according to Directive 2010/63/EU. However, even if the animal dies before Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used by default as an additive for cell, organ and tissue culture media in biomedical research and testing to enhance cell growth and proliferation. These cultures are valuable as a means of replacing and reducing animal experiments. However, despite this potential, there are severe animal welfare issues associated with the collection of FBS, sinc","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83803397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An automatic system for determining the effects of temperature on the hysteresis curves of ion-selective electrodes.","authors":"J M Magalhães,&nbsp;A A Machado","doi":"10.1155/S1463924697000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924697000060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes an automatic system which measures the effect of temperature variations on the response of ion-selective electrodes (hysteresis curves). The system is managed by a computer program which plots hysteresis curves following a pre-established temperature cycle, from setting and controlling the temperature of the water-bath, to acquiring the response potentials of up to five electrodes after temperature stabilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924697000060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-automatic determination of elemental sulphur in rubber.","authors":"K Saraswathi,&nbsp;K Vijayalakshmi,&nbsp;P Prameela","doi":"10.1155/S1463924697000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924697000151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electro-active elemental sulphur dissolved in hydrazine hydrate solvent was studied by d.c. polarography, cyclic voltammetry and millicoulometry in sodium acetate, ammonium tartrate and sodium phosphate buffers in an aqueous medium. The method, which uses a mercury electrode, is highly sensitive with less interference than other polarographic methods. The method was extended to the determination of sulphur in pressure rubber tubing. This paper also suggests a mechanism of electrode reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924697000151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting report.","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/S1463924697000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/S1463924697000084","url":null,"abstract":"I In n s si il li ic co o m me ee et ts s i in n v vi iv vo o Technological developments have had a profound impact on biology during the past decade, spectacularly augmenting our ability to survey and interrogate biological phenomena. In particular, they have increased capacity for data generation by several orders of magnitude and made computation a necessary partner of biology. The sixth meeting in the biennial series of bioinformatics conferences co-sponsored by Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory addressed the challenges that this technology-driven avalanche of data pose to bioinformatics-increasing the complexity of long-standing problems and creating new ones. G Ge en no om me e a al li ig gn nm me en nt t a an nd d g ge en ne e p pr re ed di ic ct ti io on n Sequence alignment is unquestionably one of the 'founding problems' in bioinformatics. The availability of sequenced genomes of many species has highlighted the need for methods of making reliable multiple alignments of whole genomes. The alignment of entire genome sequences is much harder to achieve than the alignment of amino-acid sequences of individual proteins, because of the much longer sequences involved (ranging from megabases to tens of megabases), complex evolutionary relationships among the genomes (such as duplications, deletions and translocations) and heterogeneous mutation rates along the sequence. Different methods often produce discrepant alignments with the same set of genomic sequences, and Martin Tompa has attempted to navigate through this complexity. Instead of proposing yet another method for multiple sequence alignment, he presented an approach to evaluating the quality of a given multiple alignment. This is a seemingly more modest goal; he was, however, able to identify high-quality and reliable regions in the multiple alignment, which is very important because downstream comparative genome analysis is compromised by incorrect alignments. Tompa presented data showing that about 10% of the positions in multiple alignments of the human genome with other vertebrate genomes-a widely used technique in comparative genomic studies-are likely to be incorrect. Gene prediction in genomic sequences presents similar problems. Current methods for predicting the exonic structures of protein-coding genes from genomic sequences are generally based on computational models that capture our understanding of the way proteins are encoded in genomes. However, recent surveys of the transcriptional activity of the human genome, …","PeriodicalId":22600,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Automatic Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/S1463924697000084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27795083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}