Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics最新文献

Implications of EU Economic and Financial Sanctions against Russian Federation 欧盟对俄罗斯联邦经济和金融制裁的影响

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.04

Roxana Trifonova

{"title":"Implications of EU Economic and Financial Sanctions against Russian Federation","authors":"Roxana Trifonova","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and the provocation of the conflict in Donbas in 2014, the EU adopted and implemented Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 in reaction to Russia’s measures undermining Ukraine’s territorial integrity as well as the sovereignty and independence of the country. This period is characterized by erosion of bilateral trade and economic relations between the EU and Russia. After the beginning of Russia’s war against Ukraine in February 2022, the European Union adopted a new series of economic and financial sanctions towards Russia: restrictions on trade; a SWIFT ban for certain Russian banks; restrictions on Russia’s access to the EU’s capital and financial markets and services; a ban on transactions with the Russian Central Bank and others. In the autumn of 2022 the conflict further escalated with the so-called “partial mobilization” in Russia and the further unlawful referenda for annexation of Ukrainian territories. Two years later (February 2024), the war is still raging and the European Union continues its policy of adopting new packages of sanctions against Russia.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risks of Overstressing Corruption: The Case of Ukraine 过度强调腐败的风险：乌克兰案例

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.03

Philip Dandolov

引用次数: 0

Unbacked Cryptomoney, Fiscal Evasion and Environment Tax: Some Policy Recommendations in Europe 无担保加密货币、逃税和环境税：欧洲的一些政策建议

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.01

Camille Boulanguer, Sarah Goldman, Maya Jandah, Tsvetelina Marinova

{"title":"Unbacked Cryptomoney, Fiscal Evasion and Environment Tax: Some Policy Recommendations in Europe","authors":"Camille Boulanguer, Sarah Goldman, Maya Jandah, Tsvetelina Marinova","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"In a 2019 New York Times article, Paul Krugman declared himself a “crypto skeptic” and shared his pessimistic predictions for cryptocurrencies. Nevertheless, unbacked cryptomoney is now very important in our societies and has revolutionized the monetary and financial landscape as exemplified by the increased pressure from competent regulators to monitor and regulate it. Cryptocurrencies are described by their high volatility that permits regulators to define them as non-safe financial assets when it comes to energy consumption. The anonymous property of cryptocurrencies opens the door to tax evasion, making it especially susceptible to avoiding environment-related taxes aimed at tackling negative impact of climate change. Against this background, the paper sets a twofold aim: to demonstrate that unbacked cryptomoney is volatile and it may pose a threat to financial and fiscal stability; and to develop the idea that, given their different degrees of anonymity and their decentralisation nature, cryptocurrencies could actively participate in the process of tax evasion and therefore incur high costs for countries. Given the general ecological condition and ensuing concerns, it is clear that avoiding eco-taxes represents a serious issue since money from eco-taxation could have been invested in environmental social and governance projects. Therefore, a clear and compelling legal framework should be implemented worldwide to reduce the tax evasion phenomena via cryptomoney channels.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"71 s317","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BOOK REVIEW of European Democracy and Single Market: 30 Years of the Maastricht Treaty 欧洲民主与单一市场》书评：马斯特里赫特条约 30 年

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.07

Michele Messina

引用次数: 0

Avoiding or Accepting the Unknown: Asylum in the European Union 避免或接受未知：欧洲联盟的庇护

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.05

Michaela Grinaj

{"title":"Avoiding or Accepting the Unknown: Asylum in the European Union","authors":"Michaela Grinaj","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars have already dedicated their attention to the perceived migration crisis in Europe and related phenomena. The objective of the present paper is to examine tendencies of selected European national cultures to accept diversity and people with a migration background. The research hypothesis posits that countries with low Uncertainty Avoidance Index are more likely to accept migrants and refugees in their territory; while, on the contrary, countries that have relatively higher Uncertainty Avoidance Index tend to be more sceptical in regard to accepting migrants and refugees. In the study a variety of qualitative and mixed research methods (such as qualitative desk research, comparative analysis, and cluster analysis) are used. Firstly, applying the Uncertainty Avoidance Dimension by Hofstede, the European Union Member States are separated into four clusters according to their ranking within the Uncertainty Avoidance Index. Next, utilising data collected within the project MAGYC, the EU Member States are ranked according to the number of asylum centres, detention centres or similar facilities per capita. Finally, the countries with the highest Uncertainty Avoidance Index and the lowest number of asylum centres per capita are compared providing a comparison of the countries with the lowest Index and the highest number of asylum facilities per capita. The constructed simplified model allows for answering the question whether certain relation between inclination to avoid the unknown and the willingness of national cultures to accept migrants and refugees exists, concluding that the hypothesis is valid only in the case of several countries.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating the Legacy of Westphalia: The European Union’s Role in Managing Russian-Ukrainian Relations 驾驭威斯特伐利亚的遗产：欧盟在处理俄乌关系中的作用

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.02

Daniel Berchev

{"title":"Navigating the Legacy of Westphalia: The European Union’s Role in Managing Russian-Ukrainian Relations","authors":"Daniel Berchev","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how the principles established in the Treaty of Westphalia continue to shape contemporary geopolitics, particularly in the context of the EU’s efforts to maintain stability in its eastern neighbours. Focusing on the volatile relationship between Russia and Ukraine in the 1998-2021 period, this article aims at analysing the complex dynamics between the Westphalian concept of international order, the EU and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, shedding light on the complexities of contemporary European geopolitics. Ensuing from the research goal is the threefold research focus: 1/ Assessment of the influence of the Westphalian principles on modern European geopolitics; 2/ Assessment of EU efforts and policies to mediate conflicts and promote dialogue between Russia and Ukraine; 3/ Identification of challenges and opportunities faced by the EU in its aspirations to promote peace, stability and democracy in the region. \u0000The study puts forth the hypothesis that while the Westphalian concept of state sovereignty continues to influence international relations, the supranational model of the EU offers a unique approach to managing conflicts and promoting cooperation between European nations. By early 2022, the EU, through its diplomatic initiatives, legal mechanisms and integration efforts, is said to play a central role in mediating Russian-Ukrainian tensions and promoting the principles of peace and democracy in Eastern Europe. Methodologically, the study builds upon a comparative approach to analyse the historical context, political frameworks and diplomatic commitments related to the role of the EU in Russian-Ukrainian relations.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"9 s2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPERT’S INSIGHTSVeto Challenge in EU Decision-making 专家观点欧盟决策中的否决权挑战

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2024.1.06

Bisserka Benisheva

引用次数: 0

State Capture and Corruption in (North) Macedonia* during Zoran Zaev’s Rule (2017-2021) 佐兰-扎耶夫执政期间（2017-2021 年）（北）马其顿* 的国家俘获和腐败问题

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.05

Zhidas Daskalovski, Zlatko Jankovski

{"title":"State Capture and Corruption in (North) Macedonia* during Zoran Zaev’s Rule (2017-2021)","authors":"Zhidas Daskalovski, Zlatko Jankovski","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Corruption flourishes when governance structures are deficient, where impartiality in government is abused by powerful interests. We use a framework for measuring corruption, the TASP framework – referring to types, sectors, activities and places developed – to analyse the rule of prime minister Zoran Zaev (2017-2021) focusing on the issues of state capture and corruption. Our analysis builds upon public and media perceptions about corruption. We argue that SDSM’s rule in the mentioned period was not just detrimental to the faith North Macedonian citizens have in government and its institutions. The corruption of Zaev’s\u0000government violated international norms of transparency and standards compliance and corroded, weakened, and endangered the foundations upon which democracy rests. We reveal a high number of instances of illiberal and corrupt practices of SDSM government in the period 2017-2021. The magnitude of cases involving state capture and grand corruption indirectly reveals that, following the victory at the 2020 parliamentary elections and the formation of the second Zaev government, the ruling elite undertook systemic political corruption, manipulating policy formation and public institutions to their own advantage. Essentially, Zaev’s rule replicated previous illiberal practices of Nikola Gruevski leading to the monopolization of power in the pursuit of particularistic interests.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"40 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Islamism in Pakistan and the Kashmir Conflict 巴基斯坦的伊斯兰主义与克什米尔冲突

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.04

Aleksander Aleksandrov

{"title":"Islamism in Pakistan and the Kashmir Conflict","authors":"Aleksander Aleksandrov","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"The conflict in Kashmir is influenced by various interactive factors among which the Islamization of Pakistan and the following Talibanization of the entire Sub-Indian region undoubtedly have played a significant role. The emergence of the dispute is a consequence of the decolonisation process which peaked after the Second World War. Unfortunately,\u0000this same period was also marked by the beginning of the Cold War. Hence, it is argued that the Islamization of Pakistan is the product of the negative interaction of two main factors – the geopolitical rivalry of the superpowers at that time, especially considering the negative impact of the war in Afghanistan, and the rise of Islam as a consequence of\u0000the overall religious revival around the world. Adding to them is the local rivalry between the newly emerged states of India and Pakistan producing an extremely explosive mixture with the potential to ignite the entire region of South-East Asia, involving also the leading international powers. Thus, the conflict in Kashmir became an integral part of the post-Cold War world directly affected by the Islamic revival and the dissemination of the Islamist principles in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Turkey – 100 Years of Longing for Modernity 土耳其--渴望现代化的 100 年

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.06

Evgenia Ivanova

引用次数: 0