Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics最新文献_第2页

The Path to a Sustainable EnergyEurope: An Analysis of the Transitionfrom Fossil Fuels to RenewableEnergy 通往可持续能源欧洲之路：从化石燃料向可再生能源过渡的分析

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.01

Cătălin-Laurențiu Rotaru, Diana Timiș, Giani-Ionel Gădinaru, E. Țițan, D. Manea

{"title":"The Path to a Sustainable Energy\u0000Europe: An Analysis of the Transition\u0000from Fossil Fuels to Renewable\u0000Energy","authors":"Cătălin-Laurențiu Rotaru, Diana Timiș, Giani-Ionel Gădinaru, E. Țițan, D. Manea","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to investigate the application of predictive analytics techniques in the energy field and to identify strategies to stimulate renewable energy production. The analysis begins by examining four key indicators: renewable energy, gas price, gas consumption and renewable energy consumption through a detailed descriptive analysis. Visual graphs are built to get an overview of the evolution of the energy sector in the period 2011-2020 with the help of Tableau software. The analysis is supported by the use of the Random Forest algorithm as a prediction model, considering critical indicators such as gas price, gas consumption and renewable energy consumption. The prediction results provide insight into anticipating changes in renewable energy production in the European countries studied. At the same time, the study highlights the current situation of renewable\u0000energy in Europe and identifies the necessary measures for its sustainable development through the analysis of specialized literature. It also examines the way in which big data management, facilitated by technologies such as smart meters and drone sensors, can help\u0000improve the energy sector. This research offers valuable results, providing insights into the evolution of renewable and fossil energy, as well as a detailed comparison of renewable energy, gas prices, gas consumption and trends in renewable energy consumption. By\u0000integrating predictive analytics techniques, data management and renewable energy-specific indicators, this study makes an innovative contribution to energy systems analysis. Its focus on European countries contributes to the understanding of the growth potential of renewable energy generation in this region.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geopolitics in Space and the Role of the European Union 空间地缘政治与欧洲联盟的作用

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.02

Ivo Tsekov

引用次数: 0

The Human Rights Policies of the EU: Political Nature, Existing Incoherencies and Institutional Bifurcation 欧盟的人权政策：政治性质、现存矛盾和体制分叉

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.03

Branimir Stanimirov

{"title":"The Human Rights Policies of the EU: Political Nature, Existing Incoherencies and Institutional Bifurcation","authors":"Branimir Stanimirov","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The history of human rights in the context of the European Union (EU) is complex and riddled with contradictions. This was convincingly demonstrated by leading experts in the area who wrote copiously about the existence of elements of institutional bifurcation in the organisation’s policies in the area. Although the EU is an important global actor in the\u0000field of human rights and had a positive impact on a number of human rights issues, a number of incoherencies and inconsistencies in its policies continue to have a detrimental impact on its political actions on the world stage. By examining the traditional explanations\u0000for these existing deficiencies in the political and institutional system of the organisation through a document analysis, this article sketches their problematic overall impact and argues, concurring to the above-mentioned experts, that these incoherencies resulted in a bifurcated human rights regime produced by the problematic elements of the EU’s own political identity. It also considers the impact of the Union’s enlargement on its human rights policies and the potential challenges this phenomenon poses in political and social terms.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"55 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is а Multipolar World Possible аfter February 24 аnd is There a Place for the EU in It? 2月24日之后的多极世界有可能吗?欧盟在其中有一席之地吗?

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.03

Ani Dimitrova

{"title":"Is а Multipolar World Possible аfter February 24 аnd is There a Place for the EU in It?","authors":"Ani Dimitrova","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The present article focuses on the question is a multipolar world possible after 24 February 2022 and what is the place of the EU in this world. The system of international relations established after the Second World War is undergoing its most serious revision with the beginning of Russia’s military actions against Ukraine. The declarative political requests of Russia, China and the countries around them after 24 February 2022 were transformed into real actions, including military ones, which show the ambition and capabilities of these countries to cause discussion about and effect changes in the existing system of international relations. The EU faces serious challenge – will it be able to assert its role as a political pole in a multipolar world. This role implies that the EU consolidates, reforms and extends the scope of the multilateral approach through which it operates to new areas, so that it can help Europeans realize their interests on the global stage and contribute to a more stable multipolar order, maintaining its openness by adherence to cooperation and accepted rules. Therefore, the EU must become a political union with common economic visions and procedures, which will determine whether the EU is part of the forming poles or will have an independent weight. At the same time, the question arises of whether we are ready for a multipolar currency world. The analysis leads to the following conclusions: 1) a multipolar world is possible; 2) the challenge is that the process of forming multipolarity in international relations does not lead to antagonism and fragmentation, but to strengthening the processes of unification and integration; 3) the world is changing rapidly and humanity is entering a new era of deep transformation, which also includes the presence of multipolarity, economic globalization, development of information society, cultural diversity, transformation of the architecture of global governance and world order, as well as increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between countries.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130918141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The EU Foreign Policy in Central Asia: Structural and Relational Dimensions 欧盟中亚外交政策:结构与关系维度

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.06

K. Velichkov

{"title":"The EU Foreign Policy in Central Asia: Structural and Relational Dimensions","authors":"K. Velichkov","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"The EU foreign policy in Central Asia pursues both structural and relational objectives. In contrast to the 1990s, the EU no longer prioritizes the transition and modernization of countries from the region but focuses on their resilience. Compared to the policies of China, Russia, or the US, the EU exerts a more limited influence on its partner countries that varies across domains and issue areas. While the Union is losing the structural power competition in this region, it nevertheless maintains its ambition to be and act as a pole of the international system. \u0000The EU conducts its dialogue and cooperation with the Central Asian states mainly in a multilateral “region-to-region” format. At the same time the Union adopts differentiated approaches towards individual countries. Many observers assert that as an international actor, the EU is more trusted than other major powers in Central Asia. It aims to support the independent development of the sovereign Central Asian countries, contributing significantly to the emergence of some degree of regionalization in this part of the world. It is on this perceived benevolence that the EU can capitalize.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132689972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CO2, GDP and Openness: A Vector Error Correction Model Approach for the Eurozone 二氧化碳、GDP与开放度:欧元区的矢量误差修正模型方法

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.01

Sarah Goldman, N. Nenovsky, Shouyi Zhang

{"title":"CO2, GDP and Openness: A Vector Error Correction Model Approach for the Eurozone","authors":"Sarah Goldman, N. Nenovsky, Shouyi Zhang","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 2015 Paris Agreement, it is obvious that sooner or later the countries will be compelled to align their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the international standards. This paper investigates the transition risk measured by the CO2 emissions and its causal relationships with economic growth and openness thanks to an empirical approach. Given the data availability, the database is based on an annual frequency. It starts in 2008 to end in 2019. The sample takes into account 10 Eurozone countries. We run econometric dynamic specifications by using a vector error correction model (VECM). These models are very flexible and provide interesting information on the short term and the longterm dynamic relationships between the CO2 emissions, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the openness. The impulse function gives interesting results on the variable’s impacts generated by the CO2 emissions and the variance decomposition sheds light on the magnitude of the forecast error variance determined by the shocks to each of the causal variables over time. The main results show negative relationships between the CO2 emissions and the openness and between GDP per capita and CO2 emissions. This conclusion may be useful to review the economic growth factors and the transition risk measured by the CO2 emissions.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116040278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Innovative Systems for Achieving Compliance in Countering Hybrid Threats 在应对混合威胁中实现合规性的创新系统应用

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.05

Ivo Goudinov

{"title":"Application of Innovative Systems for Achieving Compliance in Countering Hybrid Threats","authors":"Ivo Goudinov","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this article is to draw attention to and contribute to the discussion on the new challenges facing the countering of the financing of hybrid threats. The research problem cuts across three study and policy areas: national security, legal codification and Artificial Intelligence. A serious theoretical conflict regarding the concept of hybrid warfare is identified and an attempt is made to demonstrate the seriousness of the risk of funding hybrid threats by global actors. The focus of the study is the economic aspects of hybrid warfare, related to the threat of covert financing of hybrid operations, and accordingly a possible model with innovative financial technologies for risk management. A short but comprehensive overview of the current legal regulations providing possible guidelines for legislative changes and technological solutions in this area has been made. On the basis of an interdisciplinary systematic analysis, including a presentation of technical parameters of innovation systems with Artificial Intelligence elements (AIE) and an overview of European and American practices and regulations, gaps in the current regulations in Bulgaria are identified and some conclusions are made about this aspect of the country’s security.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122469381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Society 5.0 and the Japanese Consumer Behaviour 5.0社会与日本消费者行为

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.04

Konstantin Ivanov

引用次数: 0

South Caucasus’ Unresolved Past and the Nagorno-Karabach Juncture 南高加索未解决的过去和纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫交界点

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.02

Nina Dyulgerova, Boris S. Manov

{"title":"South Caucasus’ Unresolved Past and the Nagorno-Karabach Juncture","authors":"Nina Dyulgerova, Boris S. Manov","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2023.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Caucasus region represents a clear example of an area of unresolved ethnic and religious problems that thread throughout the region’s historical development. During the Soviet era, due to Kremlin’s strength and ability to control the processes, these issues were suppressed by the socialist ideal of a conflict-free society and remained swept under the rug. However, the Caucasian republics in particular represent an area of preserved ethnic and religious contradictions during the nearly seventy-year period of the Soviet Union.\u0000The paper aims at exploring the genesis and development of the ethnic and religious conflicts in the South Caucasus during the Soviet times, which after the disintegration of the USSR turned into permanent conflicts in this post-soviet space such as the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh (between Armenia and Azerbaijan) and the ones in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, in Georgia. The study also seeks to explore the interstate aspect of those regional conflicts and the Russian role in them. Stalin’s consistent policy of active territorial redistributions deteriorated the situation, especially in the Caucasus region. Proof of the impossibility of consolidation in the region are the conflict points, South Ossetia and Abkhazia within the borders of Georgia, as well as Nagorno-Karabakh, which instigated an armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. South Ossetia and Abkhazia have been on Georgian territory for many years. Nagorno-Karabakh, despite being inhabited by over 90% Armenian population, was part of Azerbaijani territory during the Soviet era. The Soviet policy failed to create conditions for an effective integration of the separate ethnicities. Evidence of these problems in the Caucasus still echoes in the Nagorno-Karabakh military conflict in the autumn of 2020.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124709847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bulgarians’ Motivation for Participation in Private Military Companies 保加利亚人参与私营军事公司的动机

Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.37075/bjiep.2022.2.02

H.Е. Tutunarov

{"title":"Bulgarians’ Motivation for Participation in Private Military Companies","authors":"H.Е. Tutunarov","doi":"10.37075/bjiep.2022.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2022.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Private military companies are becoming increasingly popular; their manpower is higher than the manpower of some national armies. Nevertheless, they still exist in the shadows and are often called “shadow armies”. Recently PMC have been participating in various military conflicts including the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine. National armies are losing manpower because soldiers prefer to join private military companies. When such companies recruit staff internationally, they directly weaken the national armies because the PMC contractors are mostly ex-militaries and ex-police staff. PMCs could promote the interests of the countries from where they originate and there can be a strong link with the state despite the private nature of PMC. In this case, mercenaries contribute to the foreign policy of their own countries and their motivation is affected accordingly. The article aims at outlining the motives of Bulgarian citizens to join international private military companies, thus shedding light on this under-researched problem. It is usually considered that PMC contractors’ motives are mostly related to profit. However, there are other strong motivations that need examination. It is argued that their motivation depends on both personal characteristics, as well as on the environmental factors (social, economic, political) in contractors’ state of origin.","PeriodicalId":225817,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126947332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0