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Emotional Cues and Violent Behavior: Unexpected Basketball Losses Increase Incidents of Family Violence 情绪暗示与暴力行为:意外的篮球输球增加家庭暴力事件
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewac014
Alexander Cardazzi, Bryan C. McCannon, B. Humphreys, Zachary B Rodriguez
{"title":"Emotional Cues and Violent Behavior: Unexpected Basketball Losses Increase Incidents of Family Violence","authors":"Alexander Cardazzi, Bryan C. McCannon, B. Humphreys, Zachary B Rodriguez","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewac014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Domestic violence generates long-term effects on offenders, victims, and other household members. While coercive behavior explains some family violence, aggression can also be reactive, triggered by emotional stimulus. Insight into triggers of family violence can inform policy and mitigate abusive behavior. Card, D. and G. B. Dahl. (2011). “Family Violence and Football: The Effect of Unexpected Emotional Cues on Violent Behavior,” 126 The Quarterly Journal of Economics 103–43 undertook a novel analysis of family violence triggers using unexpected losses by American professional football teams. We extend research on this trigger using data from National Basketball Association (NBA) games. Our results show that unexpected NBA losses lead to increased in-home violence. Heterogeneity analyses show that these effects are larger for weekend games, when referees are fatigued, and closer to the playoff season. (JEL J44, K42, Z22).","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121401143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Unintended Consequences of Welfare Reforms: Universal Credit, Financial Insecurity, and Crime 福利改革的意外后果:普遍信贷、金融不安全感和犯罪
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2022-07-09 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewac009
Rocco d'Este, A. Harvey
{"title":"The Unintended Consequences of Welfare Reforms: Universal Credit, Financial Insecurity, and Crime","authors":"Rocco d'Este, A. Harvey","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewac009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We evaluate the unintended effects of Universal Credit (UC), a monumental welfare reform that has increased the stringency of the UK social security payment system. We exploit the rollout of UC across constituencies, targeting first-time claimants, predominantly young males. Using monthly data from 2010 to 2019 for England and Wales, we first document the negative economic impacts of UC, showing it has led to an increase of around 6000 repossession orders from the social housing sector. We then focus on UC’s criminogenic effects, finding the reform has caused around 35,000 burglaries and 25,000 vehicle crimes. Collectively, our findings highlight the danger of welfare policies affecting the economic incentives of individuals at the bottom of the income distribution. They also have timely policy relevance considering 6.5 million benefit recipients will soon transition onto UC. (JEL K14, K42).","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128695806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementing (Un)fair Procedures: Containing Favoritism When Unequal Outcomes are Inevitable 实施(不)公平程序:在不平等结果不可避免时遏制偏袒
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab019
R. W. Schmidt, S. Trautmann
{"title":"Implementing (Un)fair Procedures: Containing Favoritism When Unequal Outcomes are Inevitable","authors":"R. W. Schmidt, S. Trautmann","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewab019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewab019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We study the selection of people when unequal payoffs are inevitable, but fair procedures are feasible, as in selecting one person from several candidates for a job. We show that allocators may be influenced by their similarity with a recipient, leading to favoritism in outcomes. We study four interventions to reduce favoritism and induce fair procedures, without restricting the allocator’s decisions: transparency of the allocation process; a private randomization device; allowing the allocator to delegate to a public randomization device; and allowing the allocator to avoid information about recipients. Making use of beliefs and fairness judgments, we show why some interventions work, while others do not (JEL D63, J16, J7, C92).","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127222712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Did Secure Communities Lead to Safer Communities? Immigration Enforcement, Crime Deterrence, and Geographical Externalities 安全的社区会带来更安全的社区吗?移民执法、犯罪威慑和地理外部性
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2021-08-27 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab013
Songman Kang, B. Song
{"title":"Did Secure Communities Lead to Safer Communities? Immigration Enforcement, Crime Deterrence, and Geographical Externalities","authors":"Songman Kang, B. Song","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewab013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewab013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Secure Communities is a recently introduced immigration enforcement policy in the United States, intended to improve public safety by making it easier to identify and deport criminal immigrants and immigration violators. In this article, we examine the effect of Secure Communities on crime by utilizing the variation in its timing of activation across counties. We extend previous research by exploring potential crime spillovers associated with Secure Communities, in which its activation in one jurisdiction affects crime rates in a neighboring jurisdiction. Estimation results suggest that the activation of Secure Communities influenced crime rates in both the activated area and neighboring areas in important ways. We find that Secure Communities led to a significant crime reduction in the activated area if it is also activated in neighboring areas, but no significant local crime reduction is observed if not activated in neighboring areas. Likewise, its activation is often associated with significant crime spillovers into neighboring areas, but this displacement effect is often completely eliminated if Secure Communities is activated in the neighboring areas as well.","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An Absolute Test of Racial Prejudice 种族偏见的绝对检验
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab002
P. Marx
{"title":"An Absolute Test of Racial Prejudice","authors":"P. Marx","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewab002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewab002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Disparities along racial and ethnic lines persist across domains. Distinguishing among the possible sources of such disparities matters. This article introduces an absolute test for identifying prejudice in the presence of statistical discrimination. In the context of police officers deciding whether to conduct vehicle searches, the key intuition of the test is that each officer’s search decisions and search outcomes generate a point on a concave “return possibility frontier,” (RPF) whose slope equals the officer’s search cost, or personal standard of evidence for conducting a search. Variation along a RPF provides information about search costs, and a discrepancy in these costs across drivers of different races constitutes prejudice. The model and test generalize and unify the existing literature, and the test can be partially extended to the setting where officers vary in the quality of their information, or discernment. Higher discernment generates an expansion of the frontier, and a version of the test remains valid for more discerning officers. Empirically, the test finds suggestive evidence of prejudice against Hispanic drivers and of varying discernment among officers of different races and ethnicities. These results are robust to (and not well explained by) officer experience. (JEL C26, K42, J15)","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128906518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Favoritism towards High-Status Clubs: Evidence from German Soccer 对高地位俱乐部的偏爱:来自德国足球的证据
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2021-08-21 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab005
P. Bose, E. Feess, H. Mueller
{"title":"Favoritism towards High-Status Clubs: Evidence from German Soccer","authors":"P. Bose, E. Feess, H. Mueller","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewab005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewab005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Biases in legal decision-making are difficult to identify as type II errors (wrongful acquittals) are hardly observable and type I errors (wrongful convictions) are only observed for the subsample of subsequently exonerated convicts. Our data on the first German soccer league allow us to classify each referee decision accurately as correct, type I error or type II error. The potential bias we are interested in is favoritism toward clubs with higher long-term status, proxied by the ranking in the all-time table at the beginning of each session and by membership. Higher status clubs benefit largely from fewer type II errors. By contrast, the actual strength of clubs has no impact on referee decisions. We find no difference in type I errors and suggest anticipation of the bias as a potential explanation for the difference. We investigate several mechanisms potentially underlying our results; including career concerns and social pressure (JEL J00, M51, D81, D83).","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131727839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
De-politicization and Corporate Transformation: Evidence from China 去政治化与企业转型:来自中国的证据
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2021-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab007
Daniel Berkowitz, Chen Lin, Sibo Liu
{"title":"De-politicization and Corporate Transformation: Evidence from China","authors":"Daniel Berkowitz, Chen Lin, Sibo Liu","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewab007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewab007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is well understood that when firms receive favorable treatment from the government because of their political connections and not necessarily their economic merits, they may operate inefficiently while enjoying market advantages over their unconnected peers. However, just how firms respond to the sustained removal of their political connections has not been carefully studied. This article evaluates an unanticipated reform in China that removed government-related personnel from independent directorships of publicly listed companies. Our evidence indicates that treated firms experienced a temporary increase in their cost of debt, but invested more in R&D, imported more machinery, and became more productive and transparent. These adjustments counterbalanced the negative value effect from the financial markets when the regulation was first announced (JEL G38, P26, K20).","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121390524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Transparency, Contracting Frictions, and Trade: Evidence across Firms 透明度、合同摩擦和贸易:跨公司的证据
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab011
Raymond J. Fisman, E. Hardy, S. Mityakov
{"title":"Transparency, Contracting Frictions, and Trade: Evidence across Firms","authors":"Raymond J. Fisman, E. Hardy, S. Mityakov","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewab011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewab011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Firms engage in off-the-books activities to avoid taxes and government oversight. We conjecture, however, that hidden transactions also increase a firm’s opacity, which leads to ex ante contracting frictions that may be particularly costly when trading partners have little legal recourse for contract abrogation. We study these tradeoffs using Russian firm- and transaction-level data. Consistent with hidden transactions leading to higher contracting frictions, we show that firms with more off-the-books activities tend to be in low contract intensity industries and are less likely to participate in import/export transactions. Conditional on engaging in international trade, off-the-books firms are more likely to trade in homogeneous products in which quality is easier to identify.","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115739912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Crisis-Induced Innovation: Quality Upgrading in Chinese Industrial Clusters 危机诱导创新:中国产业集群的质量升级
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.1093/JLEO/EWAB008
Xiangting Hu, Jianqing Ruan, Xiaobo Zhang
{"title":"Crisis-Induced Innovation: Quality Upgrading in Chinese Industrial Clusters","authors":"Xiangting Hu, Jianqing Ruan, Xiaobo Zhang","doi":"10.1093/JLEO/EWAB008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JLEO/EWAB008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Supporting institutions and policies play a key role in facilitating upgrades to product quality among manufacturing firms. However, the emergence of quality-supporting institutions has not been well studied. Based on qualitative and quantitative evidence in Chinese clusters, this paper shows that quality-enhancing institutions and policies often emerge in response to crises, such as consumer boycotts and impositions of export barriers, which can catalyze collective action from entrepreneurs and local governments to improve product quality. (JEL codes: L15; L22; L51; L60).","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117236632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Policy-Specific Expertise and the Importance of Organizational Leadership in Shared Administrative Governance: Evidence from US Federal Cooperative Agreements 政策专业知识和组织领导在共享行政治理中的重要性:来自美国联邦合作协议的证据
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization Pub Date : 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab003
George A. Krause, Matthew Zarit
{"title":"Policy-Specific Expertise and the Importance of Organizational Leadership in Shared Administrative Governance: Evidence from US Federal Cooperative Agreements","authors":"George A. Krause, Matthew Zarit","doi":"10.1093/jleo/ewab003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewab003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study analyzes US federal cooperative agreements (CAs) that reflect federal agencies’ willingness to invest in shared administrative governance with third-party organizations. A logic anchored in organizational economics predicts that US federal agency investments to collaborate with other non-federal organizations is positively related to an agency head’s policy-specific expertise, and that this relationship will take on greater importance when collaborating with nonprofits and private firms. These propositions are tested analyzing a novel database of 241,730 US federal CA decisions awarded by 31 federal agencies between 1988 and 2008. The statistical findings reveal support for this logic, especially for larger, more complex CAs with non-governmental organizations. The evidence also reveals that federal agencies’ CA award decisions generally have little, if any, discernible statistical association; other agency level factors such as an agency leader’s managerial skills, agency politicization, agency staff professionalism, and the loyalty of agency heads to appointing presidents (JEL H11, H57, H83, L33, & M59).","PeriodicalId":225808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126366627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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