The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Slow waning of antibodies following a third dose of BNT162b2 in adults who had previously received two doses of inactivated vaccine","authors":"B. Cowling, S. Cheng, M. Martín-Sánchez, N. Y. M. Au, K. Chan, John K. C. Li, Lison W C Fung, L. Luk, L. Tsang, D. Ip, Leo L. M. Poon, G. Leung, J. Peiris, N. Leung","doi":"10.1101/2022.07.18.22277741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.18.22277741","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Third doses of COVID-19 vaccination provide an important boost to immunity, reducing the risk of symptomatic infection and the risk of severe disease. Third doses have been particularly important for improving protection against variants. However, waning of clinical protection particularly against Omicron has been noted after receipt of third doses. Methods: We administered BNT162b2 as a third dose to adults aged [≥]30 years who had previously received two doses of inactivated vaccination. We collected blood before the third dose and again after one month and six months, and tested sera using a spike receptor binding domain IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a surrogate virus neutralization test, and live virus plaque reduction neutralization assay against ancestral virus and Omicron BA.2. Results: We administered BNT162b2 as a third dose to 314 adults. We found robust antibody responses to the ancestral strain at six months after receipt of BNT162b2. Antibody responses to Omicron BA.2 were weaker after the third dose and had declined to a low level by six months. From a small number of participants we observed that natural infection or a fourth dose of vaccination generated similar antibody levels against ancestral virus, but infection generated higher antibody level against Omicron BA.2 than vaccination, suggesting a potential advantage in the breadth of antibody response from hybrid immunity. Conclusions: While antibody levels against the ancestral strain remained robust at six months after the third dose, antibody levels against Omicron BA.2 had fallen to low levels suggesting the potential benefits of a fourth dose.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73918906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD14 and related genes in respiratory morbidity after Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection.","authors":"A. Gómez-Carballa, S. Pischedda, I. Rivero-Calle, J. Montoto-Louzao, F. Martinon-Torres, A. Salas","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90410210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and severity of symptoms 3 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared to test-negative and population controls in the Netherlands","authors":"T. van der Maaden, Elizabeth N Mutubuki, S. de Bruijn, K. Y. Leung, H. Knoop, Jaap Slootweg, A. D. Tulen, A. Wong, A. V. van Hoek, E. Franz, C. C. van den Wijngaard","doi":"10.1101/2022.06.15.22276439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.15.22276439","url":null,"abstract":"Background: More information is needed on prevalence of long-term symptoms after SARS-CoV-2-infection. This prospective study assesses symptoms three months after SARS-CoV-2-infection compared to test-negative and population controls, and the effect of vaccination prior to infection. Methods: Participants enrolled after a positive (cases) or negative (test-negative controls) SARS-CoV-2-test, or after invitation from the general population (population controls). After three months, participants indicated presence of 41 symptoms, and severity of four symptoms. Permutation tests were used to select symptoms significantly elevated in cases compared to controls and to compare symptoms between cases that were vaccinated or unvaccinated prior to infection. Findings: Between May 19th and December 13th 2021 9166 cases, 1698 symptomatic but test-negative controls, and 3708 population controls enrolled. At three months, 13 symptoms, and severity of fatigue, cognitive impairment and dyspnoea, were significantly elevated between cases and controls. Of cases, 48.5% reported [≥]1 significantly elevated symptom, compared to 29.8% of test-negative controls and 26.0% of population controls. Effect of vaccination could only be determined for cases <65yrs, and was found to be significantly protective for loss of smell and taste but not for other symptoms. Interpretation: Three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, almost half of the cases still report symptoms, which is higher than the background prevalence and prevalence in test-negative controls. Vaccination prior to infection was protective against loss of smell and taste as assessed in cases aged <65.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91326539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Antibody Responses and Parasite Clearance in Artemisinin Therapeutic Efficacy Studies in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Asia","authors":"J. Cutts, Katherine O’Flaherty, S. Zaloumis, E. Ashley, Jo-Anne Chan, M. Onyamboko, Caterina A Fanello, A. Dondorp, Nicholas P J Day, A. Phyo, M. Dhorda, M. Imwong, R. Fairhurst, Pharath Lim, C. Amaratunga, S. Pukrittayakamee, T. Hien, Y. Htut, M. Mayxay, M. Faiz, E. Takashima, T. Tsuboi, J. Beeson, F. Nosten, J. Simpson, N. White, F. Fowkes","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac232","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Understanding the effect of immunity on Plasmodium falciparum clearance is essential for interpreting therapeutic efficacy studies designed to monitor emergence of artemisinin drug resistance. In low-transmission areas of Southeast Asia, where resistance has emerged, P. falciparum antibodies confound parasite clearance measures. However, variation in naturally acquired antibodies across Asian and sub-Saharan African epidemiological contexts and their impact on parasite clearance re yet to be quantified. Methods In an artemisinin therapeutic efficacy study, antibodies to 12 pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic P. falciparum antigens were measured in 118 children with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and compared with responses in patients from Asian sites, described elsewhere. Results Parasite clearance half-life was shorter in DRC patients (median, 2 hours) compared with most Asian sites (median, 2–7 hours), but P. falciparum antibody levels and seroprevalences were similar. There was no evidence for an association between antibody seropositivity and parasite clearance half-life (mean difference between seronegative and seropositive, −0.14 to +0.40 hour) in DRC patients. Conclusions In DRC, where artemisinin remains highly effective, the substantially shorter parasite clearance time compared with Asia was not explained by differences in the P. falciparum antibody responses studied.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"65 1","pages":"324 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85800569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infections During the First 2 Years of Life: A Prospective Study Across Diverse Global Settings","authors":"J. Langley, V. Bianco, J. Domachowske, S. Madhi, S. Stoszek, K. Zaman, Agustin Bueso, A. Ceballos, Luis Cousin, Ulises D’Andrea, I. Dieussaert, J. Englund, S. Gandhi, O. Gruselle, G. Haars, Lisa Jose, N. Klein, Amanda Leach, Koen Maleux, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, T. Puthanakit, P. Silas, A. Tangsathapornpong, J. Teeratakulpisarn, T. Vesikari, Rachel A. Cohen","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac227","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The true burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains unclear. This study aimed to provide more robust, multinational data on RSV-LRTI incidence and burden in the first 2 years of life. Methods This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in Argentina, Bangladesh, Canada, Finland, Honduras, South Africa, Thailand, and United States. Children were followed for 24 months from birth. Suspected LRTIs were detected via active (through regular contacts) and passive surveillance. RSV and other viruses were detected from nasopharyngeal swabs using PCR-based methods. Results Of 2401 children, 206 (8.6%) had 227 episodes of RSV-LRTI. Incidence rates (IRs) of first episode of RSV-LRTI were 7.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.88–9.08), 5.50 (95% CI, 4.21–7.07), and 2.87 (95% CI, 2.18–3.70) cases/100 person-years in children aged 0–5, 6–11, and 12–23 months. IRs for RSV-LRTI, severe RSV-LRTI, and RSV hospitalization tended to be higher among 0–5 month olds and in lower-income settings. RSV was detected for 40% of LRTIs in 0–2 month olds and for approximately 20% of LRTIs in older children. Other viruses were codetected in 29.2% of RSV-positive nasopharyngeal swabs. Conclusions A substantial burden of RSV-LRTI was observed across diverse settings, impacting the youngest infants the most. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01995175.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"74 1","pages":"374 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87812847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) around the globe: data to help guide wise use of vaccines and anti-virals.","authors":"G. Storch","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79664078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia Clinical Trials Complicates Interpretation of Findings","authors":"Heather W Dolby, Sarah A Clifford, I. Laurenson, V. Fowler, C. Russell","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We systematically evaluated randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). There was intertrial heterogeneity in cohort characteristics, including bacteremia source, complicated SAB, and comorbidities. Reporting of cohort characteristics was itself variable, including bacteremia source and illness severity. Selection bias was introduced by exclusion criteria relating to comorbidities, illness severity, infection types, and source control. Mortality was lower in RCT control arms compared with observational cohorts. Differences in outcome definitions impedes meta-analysis. These issues complicate the interpretation and application of SAB RCT results. The value of these trials should be maximized by a standardized approach to recruitment, definitions, and reporting.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"22 1","pages":"723 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81799286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Nalin.","authors":"D. Sack, J. Ateudjieu, A. Debes","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78917282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific components associated with the endothelial glycocalyx are lost from brain capillaries in cerebral malaria.","authors":"C. Hempel, D. Milner, K. Seydel, T. Taylor","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac200","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Cerebral malaria (CM) is a rare, but severe and frequently fatal outcome of infections with Plasmodium falciparum. Pathogenetic mechanisms include endothelial activation and sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in the cerebral microvessels. Increased concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma of malaria patients have been described, suggesting involvement of endothelial glycocalyx.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We used lectin histochemistry on postmortem samples to compare the distribution of multiple sugar epitopes on cerebral capillaries in children who died from CM and from non-malarial comas.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000N-acetyl glucosamine residues detected by tomato lectin are generally reduced in children with CM compared to controls. We used the vascular expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and mannose residues on brain capillaries of CM as evidence of local vascular inflammation, and both were expressed more highly in CM patients than controls. Sialic acid residues were found to be significantly reduced in patients with CM. By contrast, the levels of other sugar epitopes regularly detected on the cerebral vasculature were unchanged, and this suggests specific remodeling of cerebral microvessels in CM patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Our findings support and expand upon earlier reports of disruptions of the endothelial glycocalyx in children with severe malaria.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77560906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Confounders Hiding in a United States Cohort About Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection During Pregnancy","authors":"Pei-Yun Shih, Y. Chou, J. Wei","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac193","url":null,"abstract":"TO THE EDITOR—With great interest, we read the article by Regan et al [1]. In their cohort study, the authors investigated the association between prenatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings support previous studies that suggest maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection harms fetal health. However, there are some issues that should be discussed. First, SARS-CoV-2 infection may not be the only risk factor of adverse pregnancy outcomes after adjustment in this cohort. This study was based on de-identified administrative claims and electronic health records data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse [2]. However, some confounders recorded in electronic health records data were not considered in this study, such as parity. A comparative study showed that primary cesarean delivery contributes to the increasing rate of patients’ refusal to undergo vaginal delivery, thus inducing the secondary or repeat cesarean delivery [3]. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2–infected pregnancy complicated with high-risk gestational factors should be considered when evaluating the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. For example, previous studies indicated that maternal obesity is linked to a greater risk of preterm birth [4]. As a result, we suggest that importing the known residual confounders into the adjusted model would improve the precision of this study. Second, personal factors were effect modifiers for the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and clinician-initiated events, including induced abortion, cesarean delivery, and clinician-initiated preterm birth. The administrative codes cannot reflect the exact condition. The preference of patients may influence the decisions of the doctors [3]. On the other hand, doctors may execute clinician-initiated events for COVID-19 patients for other reasons than SARS-CoV-2 infection. The personal factors were residual confounders to the outcomes. Owing to the large infected-to-uninfected ratio in this study, we propose that matching the infected and uninfected cases by time-dependent propensity score matching can minimize the impact of the residual confounders [5]. After sequential matching with timedependent propensity score, the effect of exposure can be identified by the Cox regression model used in this cohort.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77685274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}