ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)最新文献

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The Role of the Market and Traditional Regulation in Decarbonising China’s Energy Supply 市场与传统监管在中国能源供应脱碳中的作用
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-11-06 DOI: 10.1093/JEL/EQX028
Anatole Boute, Hao Zhang
{"title":"The Role of the Market and Traditional Regulation in Decarbonising China’s Energy Supply","authors":"Anatole Boute, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1093/JEL/EQX028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JEL/EQX028","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of an Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) to decarbonise the Chinese economy faces challenges relating to the tradition of heavy regulation that characterises the functioning of the largest carbon-emitting sector – coal-fired electricity production. This article examines what scope there is for the market to drive the decarbonisation of China’s electricity supply, when hitherto most emission reductions have been achieved through traditional regulation (eg., emissions performance standards and the forced closure of inefficient installations). The importance of traditional regulation does not mean that the ETS will not contribute to the decarbonisation of China’s energy supply, but the role of the ETS will be different from that in liberalised energy markets (eg, the European Union) where the market is supposed to be the main driver of emission reductions. In China, the role of the ETS will be limited to helping achieve the energy investment targets set under the government’s central planning policy.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"325 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123937766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
SDGs 도입 이후 개도국 협력전략과 대응과제: 무역과 기후변화의 정책일관성을 중심으로 (A Study on Korea's Cooperation Strategy Along with the Sustainable Development Goals: Focusing on the Trade and Climate Change Policy Coherence) SDGs引进后发展中国家合作战略与应对课题:以贸易与气候变化政策一贯性为中心(A Study on Korea's Cooperation Strategy Along with the Sustainable Development Goals: Focusing on the Trade and Climate Change Policy Coherence)
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-12-30 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2946749
Yul Kwon, Jione Jung, Yoon Sun Hur, Jisun Jeong, Juyoung Lee
{"title":"SDGs 도입 이후 개도국 협력전략과 대응과제: 무역과 기후변화의 정책일관성을 중심으로 (A Study on Korea's Cooperation Strategy Along with the Sustainable Development Goals: Focusing on the Trade and Climate Change Policy Coherence)","authors":"Yul Kwon, Jione Jung, Yoon Sun Hur, Jisun Jeong, Juyoung Lee","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2946749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2946749","url":null,"abstract":"Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 SDGs 채택 이후 개발협력정책의 방향성, 설정된 세부목표와 이행지표를 검토하고, 무역과 개발, 기후변화 관련 정책의 주요 이슈와 쟁점을 분석하였다. 글로벌 개발목표를 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 정책적 일관성을 유지하면서 새로운 글로벌 파트너십을 확립하기 위한 체계적인 정책방향 도출이 필요하다. 이를 위해 최빈국 특혜관세조치와 ODA의 연계성, 일반특혜관세(GSP) 제도 도입 등을 통해 개도국과의 무역 및 투자 활성화를 도모하고, 신기후체제하에서 기후변화와 ODA를 연계할 수 있는 방안을 다각도로 제시하였다. English Abstract: In September 2015, the United Nation's member states agreed on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a resolution adopted by the General Assembly on its 70th session. Building on the achievement of the Millenium Development Goals and seeking to address emerging challenges, the SDGs are a set of comprehensive and ambitious development goals for the next 15 years and a universal call to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The 17 SDGs and 169 targets are integrated, inter-connected and balance the three dimensions (economic, social and environment) of sustainable development. The implementation of 17 integrated goals and 169 targets requires whole-of-government approaches, enhanced coordination among divergent actors. The SDG target 17.14 specifically calls on all countries to \"enhance policy coherence for sustainable development (PCSD)\" as an integral part of the means of implementation. In the context of SDGs, it is emphasized to capitalize on synergies between goals, targets and different sectoral polices. The PCSD is highlighted as a policy tool to manage inconsistencies among policy areas such as aid, trade and climate change and subsequently enhance development effectiveness and enable the environment for sustainable development. Under the circumstances, it is important for donor countries to understand the potential impact of \"beyond-aid\" schemes in trade and climate change, in particular. While it is widely agreed that trade is crucial for economic growth and sustainable development, a large number of low income countries, the Least Developed Countries in particular, remain marginalized in global trade. Tariff and non-tariff barriers to developing countries create negative spill-over effects on the livelihood of poor farmers in developing countries. Another policy area of particular importance is climate change. The Paris Agreement at COP21 marks a decisive turning point in the global response to climate change. In the new climate regime, it is imperative for donor countries to help developing countries strengthen their climate resilience and adaptive capacity while attempting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124799107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Fabric Road to Power: Geography of the Textiles Trade Along the New Silk Road and China’s Path to Geopolitical Dominance Through the Textiles Supply Chain 纺织之路:新丝绸之路沿线纺织品贸易地理与中国通过纺织品供应链获得地缘政治优势之路
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3323906
Victor Topouria
{"title":"The Fabric Road to Power: Geography of the Textiles Trade Along the New Silk Road and China’s Path to Geopolitical Dominance Through the Textiles Supply Chain","authors":"Victor Topouria","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3323906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3323906","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of China as a global economic powerhouse and its reach for influence beyond its borders, countries located along the historic Silk Road are experiencing dramatic changes. China’s ambitious One Belt, One Road development initiative aspires to connect the People’s Republic to the rest of Eurasia; and in addition to fostering economic growth in the vast region, its strategic intent is to give China a geopolitical advantage on the entire landmass. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the physical and human geography of the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt is influencing, and will influence, the textile and apparel supply chain and, with it, economic relations among several participating countries — China, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Turkey, and Italy. In addition, this paper argues why China’s influence over the Eurasian textiles supply chain can be its greatest geopolitical advantage — even more so than its control over abundant fossil fuel resources.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132443711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
World FDI, an ‘Unequal Partners’ and ‘Concentric Circles’ Design Part XI. The Last Ocean Island Countries Group of Pacific. Studying Oceania 世界外国直接投资,一个“不平等伙伴”和“同心圆”设计。最后一个太平洋岛国集团。研究大洋洲
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-11-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2876331
D. Andrei, L. Andrei
{"title":"World FDI, an ‘Unequal Partners’ and ‘Concentric Circles’ Design Part XI. The Last Ocean Island Countries Group of Pacific. Studying Oceania","authors":"D. Andrei, L. Andrei","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2876331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2876331","url":null,"abstract":"This paper continues the given series to focus on FDI & DIA, as unitary fluid substance world owned and this is the 11th and last analysis on country groups, regions and continents, here expecting another phase entering for the next following papers under the above title with different analyses and developments to be reported.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"63 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121307061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
What Can Be Done to Blunt Potential Conflict between Climate Change and Trade Policies? 如何消除气候变化与贸易政策之间的潜在冲突?
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2707139
P. Low
{"title":"What Can Be Done to Blunt Potential Conflict between Climate Change and Trade Policies?","authors":"P. Low","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2707139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2707139","url":null,"abstract":"The December 2015 COP 21 meeting aspires to establish a post-Kyoto Protocol agreement for addressing climate change. The shift in emphasis towards self-determined emission targets in the COP21 approach to mitigation may raise the risk of disputes over the use of border measures as part of nationally determined climate strategies. This paper discusses the tax policies at the border and subsidy elements of climate change-motivated measures and the policy reactions that may follow in cases where prior agreement has not been secured in relation to the permissible use of these instruments.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124990648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbon Policy and the Structure of Global Trade 碳政策与全球贸易结构
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/twec.12535
Edward J. Balistreri, Christoph Böhringer, T. Rutherford
{"title":"Carbon Policy and the Structure of Global Trade","authors":"Edward J. Balistreri, Christoph Böhringer, T. Rutherford","doi":"10.1111/twec.12535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12535","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative perspectives on the structure of international trade have important implications for the evaluation of climate policy. In this paper we assess climate policy in the context of three important alternative trade formulations. First is a Heckscher-Ohlin model based on trade in homogeneous products, which establishes the traditional neoclassical view on comparative advantage. Second is an Armington model based on regionally differentiated goods, which constitutes a popular specifcation for numerical simulations of trade policy. Third is a Melitz model based on monopolistic-competition and firm heterogeneity. This heterogeneous-firms framework is adopted in many contemporary theoretic and empirical investigations in international trade. As we show in this paper, the three alternative trade formulations have important implications for the assessment of climate policy with respect to competitive effects for energy-intensive production (and hence carbon leakage) as well as the transmission of policy burdens across countries.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125547935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
The Legality of Local Content Measures under WTO Law WTO法律下地方含量措施的合法性
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.54648/trad2014019
H. Hestermeyer, L. Nielsen
{"title":"The Legality of Local Content Measures under WTO Law","authors":"H. Hestermeyer, L. Nielsen","doi":"10.54648/trad2014019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/trad2014019","url":null,"abstract":"Local content measures have proliferated and become a popular tool for governments to incentivize national industry. This article sets out a typology of such measures and analyses the legality of the different types of measures under WTO law. Questions arise not only with respect to national treatment, the government procurement exemption and the rules on state trading enterprises under the GATT, but also with respect to the TRIMs Agreement, the SCM Agreement as well as the GATS. The article concludes that very few measures can be considered compatible with WTO law.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129599069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
The New WTO Tuna Dolphin Decision: Reconciling Trade and Environment? WTO对金枪鱼海豚的新决定:协调贸易与环境?
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.3935/CYELP.09.2013.155
Vanda Jakir
{"title":"The New WTO Tuna Dolphin Decision: Reconciling Trade and Environment?","authors":"Vanda Jakir","doi":"10.3935/CYELP.09.2013.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3935/CYELP.09.2013.155","url":null,"abstract":"The WTO is often criticised for consistently refusing to accept the environmental measures of its Members due to their adverse impacts on international trade. The aim of this paper is to examine the recent developments in WTO law considering this clash between liberal trade and environmental protection. The analysis is based on the most recent US – Tuna II (Mexico)1 case, the third in the Tuna Dolphin line of case law. The paper shows that the Appellate Body still greatly favours free trade over the environment, but that some progress can still be found in the latest Tuna ruling. Notions of technical regulation, likeness, less favourable treatment, extraterritoriality and necessity are examined in light of this dispute. The paper also gives a broader perspective on the suitability of the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement to endorse environmental protection in the form of ‘green trade barriers’, as well as suggestions for a new approach that the WTO Dispute Settlement Body should take in an effort to strike a balance between protecting the environment and facilitating economic prosperity through liberal trade.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122958017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Offshoring, Trade and Environmental Policies: Effects of Transboundary Pollution 离岸外包、贸易和环境政策:跨界污染的影响
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-08-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2307049
Keisuke Kawata, Yasunori Ouchida
{"title":"Offshoring, Trade and Environmental Policies: Effects of Transboundary Pollution","authors":"Keisuke Kawata, Yasunori Ouchida","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2307049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2307049","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops a two-country model, Home and Foreign, with offshoring and environmental spillover. A final good producer in Home can produce (homogeneous) final goods using customized inputs produced by its partner-supplier in Foreign. The intermediate input price is determined by Nash bargaining, presenting a hold-up problem. Additionally, input production causes transboundary pollution. Home and Foreign governments can set trade taxes. Moreover, the Foreign government can set the environmental standard. This model demonstrates that, under no international policy agreement, both the environmental standard and the quantity of the intermediate input are lower than the first-best levels. This inefficiency persists even if both governments conclude an agreement.","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121396824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
International Dispersion of Retail Diesel Fuel Prices and the Estimation of Normal Price Values 柴油零售价格的国际分散和正常价格的估计
ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-03-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2236157
V. Kossov, E. Kossova
{"title":"International Dispersion of Retail Diesel Fuel Prices and the Estimation of Normal Price Values","authors":"V. Kossov, E. Kossova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2236157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2236157","url":null,"abstract":"For the large majority of goods, the price dispersion between countries does not exceed 1:10. Diesel fuel stands out, with a dispersion which exceeds 1:100. Given a constant oil price the difference in diesel fuel prices between countries is caused by the different taxes. The average share of taxes in the price determines the normal price. An estimation of the normal price of diesel fuel is made using an econometric model (using 79 countries, 1998-2008 by even years). Of greatest interest to economic policy are normal prices for countries with economies in transition and developing countries. This paper is organized as follows. In the introduction a definition of the term \"normal price\" and why it is important are presented. The first chapter is devoted to the notion of \"price level\" both international and national. The normal price is calculated using an econometric model. The estimation of the normal price of goods is determined by the international component and deviation of the normal price by the national one. In the second chapter the results of evaluating the parameters of the econometric model and the values of normal prices are given. In the third chapter price deviations in Russia and Kazakhstan are discussed and it is concluded that they have reached the maximum value, above which mass protests may result","PeriodicalId":225416,"journal":{"name":"ERN: International Trade & the Environment (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132108057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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