SDGs 도입 이후 개도국 협력전략과 대응과제: 무역과 기후변화의 정책일관성을 중심으로 (A Study on Korea's Cooperation Strategy Along with the Sustainable Development Goals: Focusing on the Trade and Climate Change Policy Coherence)

Abstract

Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 SDGs 채택 이후 개발협력정책의 방향성, 설정된 세부목표와 이행지표를 검토하고, 무역과 개발, 기후변화 관련 정책의 주요 이슈와 쟁점을 분석하였다. 글로벌 개발목표를 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 정책적 일관성을 유지하면서 새로운 글로벌 파트너십을 확립하기 위한 체계적인 정책방향 도출이 필요하다. 이를 위해 최빈국 특혜관세조치와 ODA의 연계성, 일반특혜관세(GSP) 제도 도입 등을 통해 개도국과의 무역 및 투자 활성화를 도모하고, 신기후체제하에서 기후변화와 ODA를 연계할 수 있는 방안을 다각도로 제시하였다. English Abstract: In September 2015, the United Nation's member states agreed on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a resolution adopted by the General Assembly on its 70th session. Building on the achievement of the Millenium Development Goals and seeking to address emerging challenges, the SDGs are a set of comprehensive and ambitious development goals for the next 15 years and a universal call to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The 17 SDGs and 169 targets are integrated, inter-connected and balance the three dimensions (economic, social and environment) of sustainable development. The implementation of 17 integrated goals and 169 targets requires whole-of-government approaches, enhanced coordination among divergent actors. The SDG target 17.14 specifically calls on all countries to "enhance policy coherence for sustainable development (PCSD)" as an integral part of the means of implementation. In the context of SDGs, it is emphasized to capitalize on synergies between goals, targets and different sectoral polices. The PCSD is highlighted as a policy tool to manage inconsistencies among policy areas such as aid, trade and climate change and subsequently enhance development effectiveness and enable the environment for sustainable development. Under the circumstances, it is important for donor countries to understand the potential impact of "beyond-aid" schemes in trade and climate change, in particular. While it is widely agreed that trade is crucial for economic growth and sustainable development, a large number of low income countries, the Least Developed Countries in particular, remain marginalized in global trade. Tariff and non-tariff barriers to developing countries create negative spill-over effects on the livelihood of poor farmers in developing countries. Another policy area of particular importance is climate change. The Paris Agreement at COP21 marks a decisive turning point in the global response to climate change. In the new climate regime, it is imperative for donor countries to help developing countries strengthen their climate resilience and adaptive capacity while attempting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.