The Indonesian Biomedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Combining Epigenetic and Immunotherapy in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms","authors":"A. Meiliana, A. Wijaya","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2062","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy, particularly the idea of immune checkpoint blockage is currently draw much attention in cancer treatment. It has been approved as an adjuvant, however, it cannot be a single cancer treatment.CONTENT: The discovery of the basic ligand-receptor interactions between immune and cancer cells inside the tumor microenvironment has led to the current interest in immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibition. Different ligands produced by cancer cells interact with immune cells' surface receptors, activating inhibitory pathways, such programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), that cause immune cells to become immunologically tolerant. On the other side, epigenetic modulators also play a critical role in enhancing the tumor microenvironment and regaining immunological recognition and immunogenicity. Some findings showed that such immune suppression can be reversed through various mechanisms involving antigens pathways, immune genetic, and epigenetic pathways. These findings have created a very encouraging foundation for research on the combination of epigenetic and immunotherapeutic drugs as cancer treatments.SUMMARY: The effectiveness of this suggested paradigm can only be demonstrated by clinical studies. Epigenetic treatment might replace immune checkpoint therapy as a powerful new cancer care technique that is generally well tolerated and should be proven with adequate clinical trials.KEYWORDS: epigenetics, immunotherapy, PTM, DNMT, HDAC, immune check point","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90926372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seluang Fish (Rasbora sp.) Oil Improves Interleukin-17 Levels and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"R. U. Partan, Rodry Mikhael, Triawan Adinata, S. Darma, M. Reagan, Rina Kriswiastiny, Yulianto Kusnadi, Eddy Mart Salim","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2085","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Vitamin D has a role in downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines as well as promoting the antiinflammatory pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Seluang fish (Rasbora sp.) has potency as a new source of vitamin D. Previous study had proven Seluang fish oil efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, there are no trials that prove its efficacy in RA yet. Hence, this study was conducted to find out the ability of Seluang fish oil to improve proinflammatory cytokines, vitamin D levels, and disease activity in RA.METHODS: A clinical trial with a randomized and double-blind method was done in two groups, each one consisting of 17 RA subjects. One group was given 500 mL of a Seluang fish oil capsule (contains 665 IU cholecalciferol), while the other group was given a placebo daily, for 12 consecutive weeks. Measurements of the RA disease activity score 28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and DAS28 C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), as well as measurement of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and vitamin D levels by using immunoassay method were performed before and after the supplementation.RESULTS: Significant alterations in the lower levels of IL-17 were observed in the Seluang fish oil group (p=0.031), but not in the placebo group (p=0.320). Reduction of DAS28-ESR (p=0.000) and DAS28-CRP (p=0.000) score demonstrated that the Seluang fish oil supplementation was useful in reducing RA disease activity. No significant shift was observed in either vitamin D (p=0.967) or IL-6 levels (p=0.076) after Seluang Fish Oil supplementation.CONCLUSION: Seluang fish oil is effective in lowering IL-17 levels, DAS28-ESR, and DAS28-CRP, but not in improving vitamin D level or lowering IL-6 level in RA patients.KEYWORDS: rheumatoid arthritis, seluang fish oil, interleukin-6, interleukin-17, vitamin D, DAS28","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88961587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T118N Substitution of Hepatitis B X Protein Reduces Colony Formation of HepG2 Cells","authors":"A. Artarini, Dewi Nurmalasari, Silmi Citra Permanasari, C. Riani, R. Tjandrawinata, D. Retnoningrum","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2095","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The acute Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection usually ceases before six months, but chronic infection that lasts for more than six months might develop into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Viral particle load, HBV genotypes and association to the HBV x (HBx) gene mutations are the probable factors related to HCC occurrence. The mutation which leads to HBx T118N was found as the second most common HBx mutation in Indonesia, as compared to the known cancer-related HBx K130M/V131I mutant. However, the effect of T118N mutation and its combination with K130M/V131I on human hepatoma cells has not been elucidated well. Hence, this study was conducted to dissect the role of HBx T118N and its mutant combination in colony formation, as compared to the wild type HBx and cancer-related HBx K130M/V131I.METHODS: In this study, the genes encoding wild type HBx, HBx T118N, and HBx K130M/V131I mutations were obtained as synthetic gene. Meanwhile, the gene encoding HBx T118N/K130M/V131I mutations was successfully generated using site-directed mutagenesis. The optimum condition for colony formation assays was determined through Zeocin sensitivity test of HepG2 cells.RESULTS: Selection of HepG2 cells using Zeocin was determined at 200 µg/mL. Colony formation assays performed upon expression of HBx T118N and HBx T118N/K130M/V131I mutant proteins showed reduced colony numbers as compared to the expression of wild type HBx, similar to the effect from HBx K130M/V131I mutant expression.CONCLUSION: The HBx T118N and HBx T118N/K130M/V131I mutation caused less colony formation of HepG2 cells, similar to the K130/M131I mutation. This indicates a possible role of the T118N mutation in liver cancer development.KEYWORDS: colony formation assay, hepatitis B virus, HBx, T118N, K130M/V131I","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85659355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMP-9 and TIMP-1 Promote Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in the Formation of Ovarian Endometrioma: in vitro Study on Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane","authors":"Vidia Sari, R. Jenie, Shofwal Widad, Agung Dewanto","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2090","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The invasion of endometrial tissue in the peritoneal layers is an important precursor to the formation of endometriosis. However, the mechanisms of the initial development of endometrioma remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the correlation between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 expression in the initial development of endometriosis through the invasion process of endometrial lesions in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling.METHODS: A total of 30 samples of endometrioma tissue were obtained from 24 women with endometriosis and examined at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The tissue was then implanted into a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) for five days to examine its invasion ability. The invasion scores were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. MMP-9 activity and TIMP-1 expression were analyzed using gelatin zymography and western blot, respectively. The correlations between MMP-9 activity and TIMP-1 expressions with the invasion scores were analyzed using Spearman correlation tests with significance set as p<0.05.RESULTS: The results showed that there was a strong positive correlation between MMP-9 activity and invasion scores of endometriomas tissue (r=0.656; p=0.000). Meanwhile, expression levels of TIMP-1 had a weak negative correlation with the increase of invasion scores of endometrioma (r=-0.388; p=0.034). These results indicate the involvement of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the initial development of endometriosis during the ECM remodeling.CONCLUSION: MMP-9 activity and TIMP-1 expression were correlated with the invasion score of endometrioma tissue. This study provides evidence for understanding the mechanisms involved in ECM remodeling in the early process of endometriosis.KEYWORDS: endometrioma, extracellular matrix remodeling, MMP-9, TIMP-1 ","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87058666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well-organized Granuloma Lymphadenitis Tuberculosis Expressed Lower Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Score Compared to the Poorly-organized Granuloma","authors":"H. Kadriyan, Fathul Djannah, P. Habib, Triana Diah Cahyawati, N. Siddik","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2070","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The case of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is common and the most type of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis found is lymphadenitis TB (LnTB). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is correlated with TB, and low level of MIF was correlated to Mycobacterium TB bacteremia. Deficiency of MIF macrophage is known to be correlated to the increased of a lung pathology; however, its role on pathogenesis LnTB remains unclear. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the correlation of MIF in several type of granuloma organization in LnTB.METHODS: Block paraffin of the lymphoid tissue infected with M. Tuberculosis were analyzed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the MIF expression, by counting the immunoreactivity score (IRS) according to the intensity of stained cells and the level of staining. The histopathology type of LnTB was divided into well-organized granuloma (WOG) and poorly-organized granuloma (POG) based on the granuloma characteristics.RESULTS: Among 100 tissues samples that fulfilled the study criteria, WOG was found in 51% cases. MIF was expressed mild positive in 21% samples, on the other hand, 79% was not expressed. There was a significant difference of MIF negative, as was found in 98% of WOG group while only 59% was found in POG group (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between MIF expression with the type of granuloma organization in LnTB. The expression of MIF in WOG group is mostly negative, as well as a half of the POG group. This results may suggests that MIF plays a role in the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in LnTB.KEYWORDS: MIF, lymphadenitis TB, WOG, POG, immunohistochemistry","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81889148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcuma xanthorrhiza Rhizome Extract Induces Apoptosis in HONE-1 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells Through Bid","authors":"Dewi Ranggaini, F. Sandra, J. Halim, S. Ichwan, M. Djamil","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2217","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizomes have been demonstrated to have anticancer properties toward various types of cancer cells. The effect of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome extract (CXRE) on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cells, including HONE-1 cell line has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, the effect of CXRE on the apoptosis of HONE-1 cells and its possible underlying mechanism are necessary to be explored.METHODS: C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes were minced, dried, extracted with distilled ethanol, filtered, and evaporated to produce CXRE. HONE-1 cells were seeded, starved, and treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Doxorubicin, or various concentrations of CXRE. Treated HONE-1 cells were stained with 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and the number of viable cells was counted. HONE-1 cells were also collected, lysed, and further processed for immunoblotting analysis to measure Bid activity.RESULTS: The number of viable HONE-1 cells decreased in concentration- and time-dependent manner. The number of viable cells in 50 and 250 μg/mL CXRE-treated groups were significantly lower compared with that in the DMSO-treated group after 24 h. At 48 h incubation period, the number of viable cells in 10, 50 and 250 μg/mL CXRE-treated groups were significantly lower compared with that in the DMSO-treated group. The number of viable cells in 250 μg/mL CXRE-treatment group was not significantly different compared with that in the Doxorubicin-treated group after 48 h. Bid expression levels in CXRE-treated groups were lower compared with that in the DMSO-treated group.CONCLUSION: CXRE could induce apoptosis via Bid activation, hence reducing the viability of HONE-1 cells.KEYWORDS: Curcuma xanthorrhiza, nasopharyngeal cancer, HONE-1 cells, apoptosis, Bid","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74953141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperbaric Oxygen Ameliorates The Expression of Tumor Growth Factor-β and Malondialdehyde in Pristane-induced Lupus Nephritis Mice Model","authors":"S. Soetjipto, Indri Dwi Murbani, Titut Harnanik","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2084","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Lupus nephritis (LN) is associated with chronic renal failure and a high mortality rate. Tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a basic part in keeping up immune homeostasis, meanwhile extensive oxidation of the lipid membrane in LN causes the arrangement of malondialdehyde (MDA). Up to date, the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in LN has not been elucidated well. Hence this study was conducted to assess the impact of HBO therapy on TGF-β and MDA expression in the pristane-induced LN mice model.METHODS: Thirty-two mice aged 8-12 old weeks were isolated into 4 groups: normal saline-injected mice (group 1); pristane-injected mice (group 2); as well as pristane-injected followed by HBO-exposured with 2.4 (group 3) and 1.5 (group 4) atmosphere absolute (ATA) pressure. Pristane were injected intraperitoneal to initiate LN. Two months after pristane injection, the mice were placed within 24 hours in the special cage for metabolic examination to determined that pristane-induced LN mice model was successfully formed and marked by the occurring proteinuria. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining MDA, while systemic inflammation was assessed by examining by TGF-β. MDA and TGF-β serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: A significantly lower (p<0.050) MDA expression was found in group 3 in comparison with group 2. The results also showed that TGF-β level was significantly increased (p<0.050) in group 3 compared to group 2.CONCLUSION: HBO therapy ameliorates inflammation in LN by diminishing MDA and expanding TGF-β levels through activating antioxidants.KEYWORDS: lupus nephritis, hyperbaric oxygen, malondialdehyde, tumor growth factor-β","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72884278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crucial Triad in Pulp-Dentin Complex Regeneration: Dental Stem Cells, Scaffolds, and Signaling Molecules","authors":"F. Sandra, A. Sutanto, Widya Wulandari, Reynaldo Lambertus, M. Celinna, Nurrani Mustika Dewi, S. Ichwan","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2265","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Pulp damage can lead to dentinogenesis impairment, irreversible pulpitis, or pulp necrosis. Despite being the most used endodontic procedure to treat damaged pulp, root canal therapy only results in nonvital teeth which are prone to fractures and secondary infection. Pulp-dentin regeneration has a potential to regenerate structure similar to normal pulp-dentin complex, and can be achieved by combining dental stem cells, scaffold, and signaling molecules. This article reviews the role of various types of dental stem cells, scaffolds, signaling molecules, and their combinations in regenerating pulp-dentin complex.CONTENT: Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC), stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), and dental follicle stem cell (DFSC) were reported to regenerate pulp-dentin complex in situ. SHED might be more promising than DPSCs and DFSCs for regenerating pulp-dentin complex, since SHED have a higher proliferation potential and higher expression levels of signaling molecules. Scaffolds have characteristics resembling extracellular matrix, thus providing a suitable microenvironment for transplanted dental stem cells. To accelerate the regeneration process, exogenous signaling molecules are often delivered together with dental stem cells. Scaffolds and signaling molecules have different regenerative potential, including induction of cell proliferation and migration, formation of pulp- and/or dentin-like tissue, as well as angiogenesis and neurogenesis promotion.SUMMARY: Combinations of dental stem cells, scaffold, and signaling molecules are important to achieve the functional pulp-dentin complex formation. Current trends and future directions on regenerative endodontics should be explored. The right combination of dental stem cells, scaffold, and signaling molecules could be determined based on the patients’ characteristics. Incomplete pulp-dentin regeneration could be overcome by applying dental stem cells, scaffold, and/or signaling molecules in multiple visits.KEYWORDS: pulp-dentin regeneration, regenerative endodontics, dental stem cells, scaffold, signaling molecules","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73723394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Expression of PR-A and Low Expression of PR-B is Correlated with Inflammation in Endometrioma Cases","authors":"Erick Yuane, Agung Dewanto, Shofwal Widad","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2114","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Progestin therapy has been commonly used in endometriosis. The regulation of progesterone receptors B (PR-B) greatly affects the success rate of therapy in cases of endometriosis. The presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a in endometriosis triggers PR-B hypermethylation, decreasing PR-B expression and PR-B/A ratio that induce progesterone resistance. It may also occur in endometrioma. Studies regarding the distribution of PR-A and PR-B with TNF-a expression in endometriosis with endometrioma tissue samples has not been elucidated well. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure and compare the distribution of PR-A and PR-B expression, and to assess the effect of PR-B/A ratio on TNF-a in endometrioma and benign cysts.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting paraffin blocks of endometriomas and benign cysts as controls, from patients undergoing surgery at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expressions of PR-A, PR-B, TNF-a and PR-B/A ratio, to compared differences between endometriomas and benign cysts.RESULTS: Twenty-three endometrioma and 22 benign cyst tissue samples were collected. The mean PR-B expression and PR-B/A ratio were found to be lower in endometriomas than benign cysts, and mean expression of PR-A and TNF-a in endometriomas was higher than in benign cysts. However, there were no significant correlations between the expression of PR-A, PR-B, PR-B/A ratio, and TNF-a with endometriosis severity.CONCLUSION: In endometrioma cases, the expression of PR-A and TNF-a was higher, while the expression of PR-B and PR-B/A ratio was lower. However, there was no significant relationship between the ratio of PR-B/A and TNF-a.KEYWORDS: progesterone receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, endometriosis, endometrioma, benign cyst, ovarian cyst","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91515802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased hs-CRP and Sepsis Influence the Occurrence of Thrombocytopenia in Severe and Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Receiving Anticoagulants","authors":"Ami Ashariati Prayoga, S. U. Y. Bintoro, P. Z. Romadhon, M. N. Diansyah, P. N. Amrita, Merlyna Savitri, Choirina Windradi, Krisnina Nurul Widiyastuti","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i1.2045","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Despites its benefits, as one of COVID-19 principal treatments, anticoagulant raises a significant concern regarding the anticoagulant-related thrombocytopenia. However, up to date, there is lack of study examining anticoagulantinduced thrombocytopenia during COVID-19, hence this study was conducted to determine the factors inducing anticoagulant-induced thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients.METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study of 106 anticoagulant-treated COVID-19 subjects was conducted. Blood serum was drawn from subjects, then platelets, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin (aPPT), international ratio (INR), D-dimer, ferritin, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were measured. For thrombocytopenia risk assessment, the 4T score was calculated. To assess the risk of thrombocytopenia. Statistical analysis using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were performed and followed by multivariate analysis to examine the correlation among the thrombocytopenia risk factors.RESULTS: Significant differences were identified in the length of stay (LOS) (p=0.04), disease severity (p=0.021), sepsis (p=0.006), hs-CRP (p=0.003), and mortality rate (p=0.028) between thrombocytopenia and nonthrombocytopenia groups. A multivariate analysis through linear and logistic regression disclosed an increase in hs-CRP (OR=-0.29; p=0.045) and sepsis (OR=4.32; p=0.03)that precipitate the thrombocytopenia events.CONCLUSION: In severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients, the occurrence of thrombocytopenia was followed by an increase in inflammatory parameters such as D-dimer, fibrinogen, ferritin, hs-CRP and prolonged coagulation. The increase in hs-CRP and sepsis may raise the risk of thrombocytopenia, especially in severe and crtically ill cases of COVID-19.KEYWORDS: COVID-19, anticoagulant, thrombocytopenia, inflammation, infectious disease","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77905853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}