The Indonesian Biomedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Triglyceride-Glucose Index as A Crucial Marker for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with Insulin Resistance","authors":"A. Hestiantoro, Jaya Saraswati, David Eka Prasetya, Ferry Sandra, R. Muharam, G. Pratama, A. Harzif","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2639","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as the main driver of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis. In PCOS condition, IR is frequently related to glucose, anthropometric profile, lipid profile, and hormone profile parameters. However, not all PCOS phenotype show IR. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the association the parameters mentioned above in PCOS subjects with and without IR.METHODS: Fifty PCOS women with IR and 26 PCOS women without IR were recruited. All subjects underwent physical examination for measurement of weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI). Ferriman Gallwey Score (FGS) was used to evaluate hirsutism. Blood sample was taken from each subject for measurement of fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin. Homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), TG-glucose index (TyGI), and free testosterone index (FTI) were then calculated.RESULTS: From all the parameters examined, only fasting insulin (p<0.001), HOMA-IR (p<0.001), SHBG (p=0.012), TG (p<0.001), and TyGI (p=0.008) that show significant differences between PCOS subjects with and without IR. After multivariate analysis, TyGI was found to have strong association with IR occurrence in PCOS subjects (p=0.005) with an odd ratio of 5.26 (1.65–16.74).CONCLUSION: TyGI appears to have a significant association with the IR occurrence in PCOS subjects. Hence, it can be suggested that TyGI could be an important marker for PCOS women with IR.KEYWORDS: insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, polycystic ovary syndrome, triglyceride-glucose index","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of SGLT2-inhibitor on The Expression of MicroRNA-21, Transforming Growth Factor-β1, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in The Process of Cardiac Fibrosis in Hyperglycemic Model Rats","authors":"Muhammad Ridwan, H. Dimiati, M. Syukri, Ronny Lesmana","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2776","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2-i), a new oral antidiabetic drug, has been recommended for its morbidity and mortality benefits in patients with heart failure. This study aimed to determine the effect of acute SGLT2-i therapy on the relative ratio expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the process of cardiac fibrosis in the hyperglycemia Wistar rat models compared to biguanide (metformin) therapy.METHODS: We used Streptozotocin (STZ) to induce hyperglycemia in Wistar rats (n=31), randomly divided into four groups: negative control (NC, n=4), positive control (PC, n=10), hyperglycemia plus metformin (M, n=8), and hyperglycemia plus empagliflozin (E, n=9). After seven weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the heart tissue was taken for microRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) extraction, followed by reverse transcription quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) examination. The data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA.RESULTS: Results showed a decreasing trend in the gene expression relative ratio of miR-21 (1.0 vs. 1.9; p=0.079) and TGF-β1 (0.9 vs. 3.2; p=0.145), but a significant increase in MMP-2 gene expression (1.3 vs. 0.7; p=0.002) in the SGLT2-i (empagliflozin) vs. biguanide (metformin) groups.CONCLUSION: Empagliflozin administration may play a significant role in preventing the occurrence of cardiac fibrosis in hyperglycemia.KEYWORDS: sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, microRNA-21, transforming growth factor-β1, matrix metalloproteinase-2, cardiac fibrosis","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Increase in CD14+CD16+ Monocytes is Correlated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Marker in Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Ujang Saeful Hikmat, A. R. Prijanti, Heri Wibowo, I. Sukmawati, D. Tahapary","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2798","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) impairs the innate immune system including monocytes. Monocytes are divided into two subgroups depending on the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)14 and CD16 receptors, namely CD14+CD16- and CD14+CD16+. CD14+CD16+ are proinflammatory monocytes and develop into M1 type macrophages, which contribute to foam cell production, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, it is important to determine the influence of T2D conditions on changes in monocyte subsets and whether these changes correlate with CVD risk markers.METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was obtained from 10 T2D subjects and 10 healthy donors. Subsequently, PBMC was incubated for 24 hours with and without 10 mL lipopolysaccharide. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CD14 and CD16 expression, while multiplex immunoassays were applied to measure interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-10 concentrations in supernatants.RESULTS: In T2D, the percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes increased (p=0.07), and an increase in CD14+CD16+ monocytes more than 6.8% was linked with CVD risk markers (r=10.146, p=0.002). Meanwhile, inflammatory mediators released by monocytes shown an increase in IL-1b (p=0.041) but not in IL-10 (p=0.082) in T2D subjects. Fasting blood glucose levels were also found to be substantially linked with an increase in CD14+CD16+ monocytes (r=0.530, p=0.016).CONCLUSION: T2D patients had a higher percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes and IL-1b levels than healthy donors. An increase in CD14+CD16+ monocytes above 6.8% associated with CVD risk markers in T2D patients.KEYWORDS: type 2 diabetes, monocytes, CD14, CD16, cardiovaskular disease risk marker","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"22 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoglycemic Activity and Safety Assessment of Pediococcus acidilactici Strain DNH16 in Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats Induced with Streptozotocin","authors":"E. Fachrial, Juliana Lina, Harmileni Harmileni, Sari Anggraini, Widya Yanti Sihotang","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2781","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases tend to rise throughout the year in all parts of the world. The α-glucosidase inhibitors are frequently used to both prevent and treat T2DM. This α-glucosidase inhibitor activity is seen in some probiotic species, and a certain strain of Pediococcus acidilactici exhibits promising characteristics as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. This study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic activity and safety of P. acidilactici strain DNH16 (PADNH16) in experimental rats with T2DM induced by streptozotocin.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in vivo using Wistar rats. Acarbose was employed as a positive control, and Lactobacillus casei was used as a comparative. For 24 days, post-prandial blood glucose levels were assessed every 3 days, followed by serum biochemical levels measurement of liver, kidney, and lipid profiles. The pancreas was histopathologically examined utilizing the Hematoxyline-Eosin staining procedure.RESULTS: Administration of PADNH16 to T2DM rats lowered post-prandial blood glucose levels and gave hypoglycemic benefits comparable to acarbose and commercial probiotics. PADNH16 dosing did not affect serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), urea, or creatinine levels, showing that PADNH16 was not hazardous to liver or kidney function. The lipid profile assessment revealed that the values, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, were comparable to the control group. The pancreatic histopathology revealed that injection of PADNH16 caused no alterations to pancreatic β cells.CONCLUSION: P. acidilactici isolate DNH16 has a hypoglycemic effect on T2DM rats, but does not affect liver function enzymes, kidneys, lipid profiles and does not provide significant changes in pancreatic β cells.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, inhibitor α-glucosidase, Pediococcus acidilactici strain DNH16","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrauterine Transmission of Hepatitis B Cannot Be Ruled Out by A Single Negative Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Result among Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) - Positive Pregnant Women","authors":"M. Chalid, T. Judistiani, Rizalinda Syahril, Rina Masadah, Dwi Bahagia Febriani, Ridha Wahyuni, T. Turyadi, M. N. Massi","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2726","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The risk factors for intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women are poorly understood. Numerous factors are considered to be involved, including placental barrier, obstetric environment, high viral load, and positivity of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). This study was conducted to investigate the role of placenta barrier, clinical, and viral factors in intrauterine transmission of HBV.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,353 pregnant women who underwent HBsAg screening. Eighty-four (6.2%) women were detected as HBsAg positive and were examined for HBsAg level, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBeAg/hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) status, and HBV DNA presence in cord blood. Quantitative HBV DNA was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: Eighty-four of 1,353 subjects were HBsAg-positive. HBV DNA was positive in 28/84 (33.7%) maternal sera, 19/79 (24.05%) placental specimens, and 9/83 (10.84%) in cord blood. There were significant associations between HBV DNA in maternal serum (p=0.000) and placental tissue (p=0.000) with HBV DNA in the cord blood. No clinical factors were associated with HBV DNA transmission in cord blood. Sixty percent of viral load >5.3 log10 copies/mL were found in the cord blood, of which 43.8% HBeAg positive and 3.1% HBeAg negative.CONCLUSION: Reduced transmission via compartments established the placenta’s barrier function in mother-to-child transmission. A high maternal viral load and positive HBeAg were risk factors for intrauterine transmission, while negative HBeAg still has the possibility of transmission.KEYWORDS: mother-to-child transmission, hepatitis B virus, intrauterine","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"29 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diosmin Enhances the Anti-migration Activity of Curcumin Analog PGV-1 on Colorectal Cancer Cells","authors":"Muthi’ Ikawati, Rohmad Yudi Utomo, Novia Permata Hapsari, E. Meiyanto, Chio Oka","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2829","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Diosmin enhances the cytotoxicity of Pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1) in cancer cells. PGV-1 and diosmin are predicted to target several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in metastatic cancer, including colorectal cancer, but the anti-migration potency of their combination has not established yet. This study evaluates the anti-migration effect of PGV-1 and diosmin combination in colorectal cancer.METHODS: The cytotoxicity assay using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) method in WiDr colorectal cancer cells was carried out to determine the concentration for anti-migration experiments. The wound healing assay was used to observe the anti-migration activity by measuring the cell-free area. Gelatin zymography was employed to detect the MMP activity indicating by the clear band density. The interaction between PGV-1 or diosmin and MMP proteins was predicted by molecular dockings.RESULTS: PGV-1 was cytotoxic (IC50 17 mM), while diosmin up to 100 mM did not affect cell viability. Both 10 mM PGV-1 as well as 50 and 100 mM diosmin slowed down the closure of cell-free area. A 100 mM diosmin was significantly enhance the anti-migratory activity of 50 and 100 mM PGV-1. The activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was also lower in the presence of diosmin compared to than that of PGV-1 alone. PGV-1 or diosmin was also able to interact with MMP proteins with a lower energy compared to than that of the native ligands.CONCLUSION: Diosmin enhances the anti-migration activity of PGV-1 in WiDr cells, possibly by affecting MMPs’ activity. This study is an evidence that diosmin is a potential co-chemotherapy candidate for PGV-1, that can be utilized to overcome metastatis in colorectal cancer.KEYWORDS: cancer, citrus flavonoid, co-chemotherapy, diosmin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), migration, Pentagamavunone-1, WiDr cancer cell","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity: A Multi Perspective of Physiology and Neurobiology Energy Regulation","authors":"A. Meiliana, Nurrani Mustika Dewi, A. Wijaya","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2840","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: World Health Organization has reported four million people die every year due to obesity comorbidity, and the prevalence of obesity is keep increasing, especially after COVID-19. Obesity has been defined as a chronic disease involving adipose tissue dysfunction which leads to metabolic diseases and psychosocial consequences. The review article will highlight some recent researches regarding the new conceptual framework that integrates both metabolic drives, as well as to summarize the numerous discussions about the current understanding of hypothalamic control of food intake and energy homeostasis.CONTENT: Obesity apparently is not simply regulated only by food and exercise. Hypothalamus takes part in controlling energy intake and expenditure via appetite regulation. Hedonic control in cortical and subcortical brain areas process cognitive, reward, information, and executive function. Managing metabolic adaptation, browning the white adipose tissue, and preserving lean mass can be another strategy to safely manage obesity.SUMMARY: Obesity need to be managed in a multimodal strategy including neurophysiology and physiology approach, together with environment support. Thus, a weight regain can be prevented. Commitment from both scientific and regulation point of view can shed a light to eradicate obesity.KEYWORDS: adipocyte, appetite, nutrition, obesity, physical activity, reward, satiety","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Andrographis paniculata Leaves Extract Inhibit TNF-α and Caspase-3 Expression of Septic Rats’ Intestinal Tissues","authors":"Ryco Giftyan Ardika, B. Budiono, Nyoman Suci Widiastiti, Nani Maharani, N. Susilaningsih, Ferry Sandra","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2727","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Microcirculation and cellular disturbances caused by sepsis might trigger significant intestinal damage. Andrographis paniculata extract decreases inflammatory intestinal epithelial cells with its role as an antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory agent. However, A. paniculata extract’s effect on sepsis have not been commonly studied, especially in the intestinal tissues. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine A. paniculata leaves extract (APLE) effect in sepsis-induced intestinal tissues of rats by examining the expression of inflammatory cytokines involved in sepsis, namely tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Caspase-3.METHODS: Rats were divided into five groups; two groups received no pretreatment and the other three groups received 200, 400, and 500 mg/kg BW/day APLE, respectively. Three pretreated groups and one group with no pretreatment were then injected with 1 mg/200 g BW lipopolysaccharides (LPS) intraperitoneally to create septic rat models. Three days after the LPS-induction, rats were euthanized and the expression of TNF-α and Caspase-3 were assessed based on the immunohistochemical staining of rats’ intestinal tissues.RESULTS: Compared with NaCl (sham), LPS significantly (p<0.001) induced TNF-α expression from 6.60±1.36 to 25.37±1.74. Pretreatment of 200, 400, and 500 mg/kg BW/day APLE could significantly (p<0.001) inhibit the LPS-induced TNF-α expression (18.82±1.36, 11.45±1.18, and 6.89±1.90, respectively). Similar with TNF-α, compared with NaCl (sham), LPS significantly (p<0.001) induced Caspase-3 expression from 6.92±1.66 to 23.59±2.25. Pretreatment of 200, 400, and 500 mg/kg BW/day APLE could significantly (p<0.001) inhibit the LPS-induced Caspase-3 expression (17.47±1.68, 12.99±1.51, and 5.59±1.51, respectively).CONCLUSION: The pretreatment of APLE could inhibit the LPS-induced TNF-α and Caspase-3 expression, therefore APLE could be suggested as a potential sepsis-preventing agent.KEYWORDS: Andrographis paniculata, sepsis, TNF-α, Caspase-3, lipopolysaccharide ","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 are Associated with The Degree of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with NUC Therapy","authors":"U. Maimunah, Ulfa Kholili, Rheza Rahmadika Putra, Dio Brimantyo, Hendy Wirantara","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2848","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) involves the host immune responses mainly T-lymphocyte regulatory cells and cytokines production. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 have been reported to play a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis. However, their association with liver fibrosis in treated CHB patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association between TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 with the degree of liver fibrosis in treated CHB patients.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional prospective study including 101 treated chronic hepatitis B subjects. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 serum levels were measured with quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Transient elastography result was classified according to METAVIR score. Data was analyzed by the Spearman correlation test with a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: From 101 subjects, there were significant differences were seen in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 between patients with mild, significant and advance fibrosis. TNF-α (r=0.292; p<0.05), IL-6 (r=0.221; p<0.05), and IL-10 (r=0.208; p<0.05) were significantly correlated with the degree of fibrosis. After multivariate analysis, TNF-α was the only one cytokine parameter which significantly correlated with the degree of fibrosis.CONCLUSION: Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with the degree of liver fibrosis. These parameters may potentially be used to evaluate the development of liver fibrosis in treated CHB patients.KEYWORDS: chronic hepatitis B, liver fibrosis, cytokines, transient elastography","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"20 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of GABAA Receptor Subunits α1 and β2 in Healthy Human Dental Pulp","authors":"Diveyaa Sivakumar, Wan Nazatul Shima Shahidan, N. Ghani, Tang Liszen, Rosmaliza Ramli","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2742","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), has a well-established role in pain modulation. While numerous studies have delved into the expression of GABA and its receptors in dental pulp, the exact influence of these receptors on dental pain signaling has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the gene and protein expression of the two most abundantly expressed GABA type A (GABAA) receptor subunits, GABAA receptor subunit α1 (GABRA1) and β2 (GABRB2), in healthy human dental pulp.METHODS: Six tooth samples were collected from healthy individuals referred for orthodontic treatment. Total RNA was isolated from the pulp tissues of three samples and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess gene expression of GABRA1 and GABRB2. The other three samples were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for visualization of GABRA1 and GABRB2 proteins within the dental pulp.RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis reported the presence of both GABRA1 and GABRB2 in the dental pulp, and independent t-test analysis revealed that the expression of GABRA1 was significantly higher than GABRB2. The immunohistochemical staining provided compelling visual evidence of the expression of GABRA1 and GABRB2 proteins within the odontoblast layer of dental pulp, clearly indicating their presence in the cell bodies and odontoblastic processes extending into the dentin.CONCLUSION: The presence of α1 and β2 subunits of the GABAA receptor in healthy human dental pulp offers valuable insights for further research into the potential roles of GABAA receptors in dental pain signaling.KEYWORDS: γ-aminobutyric acid, GABAA receptors, GABRA1, GABRB2, dental pain, pain signaling","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}